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形容词和副词是中学英语中的重要词法，也是高考测试的热点之一。下面结合高考试题，谈谈形容词、副词的考查热点。
1. 单个形容词作定语，通常放在所修饰的名词之前。 else修饰疑问代词what, who, which, whose以及由some, any, no与body, one, thing等结合而成的代词时，else放在这些词后面；表语形容词如alike, awake, alone, asleep, afraid等以及present（出席的，到场的）作定语时，须放在所修饰词的后面。
【考例】 If this dictionary is not yours, can it be?
A. what else B. who else C. which else's D. who else's
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意为：如果这本字典不是你的，它可能会是谁的？else修饰疑问代词要放代词后，who else's后省略了dictionary，选项B指人，不是指字典。
【考例】 All the people at the party were his supporters.
A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important
【答案】 A
【解析】 present表示“出席的”，为表语形容词，作定语要后置。
2. 多个形容词修饰同一名词作定语时，可根据口诀“县（限）官（观）行（形）令（龄）宴（颜）国才（材）”来记忆，效果不错。 “限”是指冠词、代词、数词、描述性形容词等表示限定的词；“观”是指“大小”“长短”“高低”等表示外观的词；“形”是指“圆”“方”等表示形状的词；“龄”是指表示“新旧”“老幼”的词；“颜”是指表示颜色的词；“国”是指表示“国籍”“产地”的词；“材”指“材料”“质地”。
【考例】 This girl is Linda's cousin.
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
【答案】 A
【解析】 pretty是表示描述性的形容词，little是表示“大小”的形容词，Spanish是表示“国籍”的形容词，根据口诀，可确定答案为A。
3. 复合形容词只能作前置定语，中间用连字符连接，其中的名词应使用单数形式。
【考例】 It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey.
A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours
【答案】 C
【解析】 此题考查复合形容词作定语。应使用“数词+连字符+名词”的形式，其中连字符连接的名词用单数形式，a three-hour journey意为“三小时的路程”。
4. 副词可作状语，位置比较灵活，可放在句首，也可放在句中或句尾。
【考例】 So, what are they learning? 63 (basic), how to describe a panda's life.（2023全国新高考卷II）
【答案】 Basically
【解析】 考查副词。句意为：那么，他们在学什么呢？基本上，学习如何描述一只大熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰后面的句子内容，应该用副词。空格处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Basically。
【考例】 It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed!（2021全国新高考卷I）
【答案】 undoubtedly
【解析】 括号中给出的提示词是形容词undoubted，但是根据空格处在句中的位置，此处应修饰谓语动词help，故应填入其副词形式。
【考例】 Immediate, I raised my hand.（2018全国卷III）
【答案】 Immediate改为Immediately
【解析】 句首作状语应使用副词形式。
【考例】 , some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.
A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange
【答案】 A
【解析】 此处作状语，应使用副词strangely，enough修饰形容词或副词时应放在被修饰词之后。
1. 兼有两种形式的副词：与形容词同形的副词表示具体意义，带-ly的副词表示抽象意义。常见的有：
close 接近地；closely 仔细地，密切地
free 免费地；freely 自由地，无拘束地
hard 努力地；hardly 几乎不
high 高；highly 高度地，非常
deep 深；deeply 深深地（抽象意义）
wide 宽；widely 广泛地
late 晚；lately 近来
most 极，非常；mostly 主要地
near 邻近；nearly 几乎
【考例】 It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood to her mother.
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing
【答案】 A
【解析】 此处表示站得离母亲“近”，表示具体的距离，应使用close。
2. much too与too much。
much too的中心词为too（副词），其后跟形容词或副词；too much的中心词是much（形容词），其后跟名词。
【考例】 It's high time you had your hair cut; it's getting .
A. too much long B. much too long C. long too much D. too long much
【答案】 B
【解析】 修饰形容词long应使用much too。
3. so与such。
so是副词，不能修饰名词，应修饰形容词；such是形容词，可修饰名词。其搭配结构是：so+形容词+a / an+可数名词单数；such+a / an+（形容词）+名词。如果是不可数名词或复数名词，则只能用such，不能用so。
【考例】 We were in when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush
【答案】 D
【解析】 也可以用so anxious a rush。
【考例】 The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an change in our life and work.（2020江苏卷）
A. absurd B. abrupt C. allergic D. authentic
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意为：新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的爆发意味着我们的生活和工作发生了突然的变化。absurd意为“荒谬的”；abrupt意为“突然的；意外的”；allergic意为“过敏的”；authentic意为“真正的；真迹的；真实的”。故选B项。
【考例】 Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people options to exercise.（2019江苏卷）
A. casual B. regular C. flexible D. tight
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意为：与传统的体育馆不同，有app软件支持的体育馆为人们提供了灵活的锻炼选择。casual意为“偶然的；随便的”；regular意为“定期的，有规律的”；flexible意为“灵活的”；tight意为“紧的；密封的”。故选C项。
【考例】 Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is to invest in sufficient training for his staff.（2018江苏卷）
A. keen B. reluctant C. anxious D. ready
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意为：尽管这家旅馆服务差，但是经理却不愿意投入资金为员工提供足够的培训。根据语境可知，此题应选reluctant，意思是“不情愿的”。keen意为“热衷的”；anxious意为“焦虑的”；ready意为“准备好的”；这三个选项均与语境不符。
【考例】 Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.（2016全国卷Ⅲ）
【答案】 gradually
【解析】 括号中给出的是形容词，根据在此处所处的位置和所作的成分可知，应使用副词修饰谓语动词，故填gradually。
【考例】 A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, if you are travelling at high speed.（2016浙江卷）
A. eventually B. strangely C. merely D. especially
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意为：急刹车会是非常吓人的经历，特别是当你正在高速前行时。especially表示“特别，尤其”，符合语境，故选D项。
【考例】 Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn't have found it .
A. nowhere B. however C. otherwise D. instead
【答案】 C
【解析】 本题考查副词词义辨析。句意为：多亏你指明了房子的方向，要不然我们是找不到的。nowhere意为“任何地方都不，无处”；however意为“然而”；otherwise意为“否则，要不然”；instead意为“代替，而不是”。本句实际上是一个含蓄条件句，表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句为“情态动词+have done”结构，其中otherwise=if there had not been your directions to the house。
1. 考查同级比较结构中倍数和名词的位置以及形容词与副词的选用。
一般说来，倍数应位于as... as... 结构的前面，名词通常位于as... as... 结构里面，当名词是可数名词单数时，应使用“as+形容词+a / an+单数名词+as”结构。
【考例】 It's said that the power plant is now large as what it was.
A. twice as B. as twice C. twice much D. much twice
【答案】 A
【解析】 考查比较级倍数表达句型。句型为：倍数+as+形容词、副词原级+as+比较对象。故选A项。
【考例】 This restaurant wasn't that other restaurant we went to.
A. half as good as B. as half good as C. as good as half D. good as half as
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意为：这家餐馆还不如我们去的另一家餐馆的一半好。同级比较结构中倍数应位于as... as... 结构的前面，即“倍数+as+形容词原级+ as...”，故本题选A项。
【考例】 The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be the present one.
A. as three times big as B. three times as big as C. as big as three times D. as big three times as
【答案】 B
【解析】 同级比较结构中，倍数应放在as... as结构的前面，构成“倍数+as+形容词+as +名词”结构。
2. 考查形容词副词比较级前的修饰语。比较级前可加much, far, by far, a lot, a great deal, a bit, a little, still, even, rather, any, no等修饰，但不能用very, quite, fairly, so, too等只能修饰原级的词。
【考例】 Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.（2017全国卷I）
【答案】 worse
【解析】 even是比较级的修饰语，因此此处bad应使用比较级形式。Even worse的意思是“更糟糕的是”，表示意义上的递进。
【考例】 I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming years.（2016浙江卷）
A. little more B. no more C. much more D. many more
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意为：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有活动，并且希望在未来的几年里参加更多的活动。A的搭配不存在；B表示“不再”；C表示“多得多”，修饰不可数名词；D表示“更多”，修饰可数名词。这里修饰的是上文的events。
【考例】 —The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.
—Why? It's than the films I have ever seen.
A. far more interesting B. much less interesting C. no more interesting D. any less interesting
【答案】 A
【解析】 程度副词可修饰形容词比较级，放于比较级前。而根据语境，前一个人称这部电影很没意思。后一个人进行反问：“为什么？我觉得它比我之前看的任何电影都有趣多了。”故正确选项为A。此题考查形容词比较级的用法，同时考查对not a bit的理解。not a bit意为“一点也没有；一点也不”，而另外一个类似的短语not a little则意为“很多；非常”。
3. 考查用比较级形式表达最高级意义。
1）否定意义的词与比较级连用，常可用来表达最高级意义。
【考例】 Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been .
A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意为：布莱克先生非常高兴，因为他的工厂生产的衣服从未如此受人欢迎。此处比较级与否定词连用表示最高级意义。
2）两者进行比较时，常用“the+比较级”表示最高级意义。
【考例】 Of the two coats, I'd choose the one to spare some money for a book.
A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据前文可知表示从两者中选择，应使用“the+比较级”，从后面“余出些钱买书”可知要买那件“较便宜的”。
4. 考查暗含比较。近年来的高考题在测试比较级时倾向于不出现比较的对象，而让考生通过语境体会比较的意味，这一点要引起注意。
【考例】 Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly 14 (long).（2025北京卷）
【答案】 longer
【解析】 句意为：或许今天早上你还在纠结是起床还是在床上多待一会儿。分析语境可知，此处隐含“比原本计划的时间更长”的比较含义，因此需要使用副词的比较级。故填longer。
【考例】 Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal.（2017浙江卷）
【答案】 earlier; to cook
【解析】 第60题暗含比较，意思是“16年前”，故填earlier。第61题用不定式表示目的，故填to cook。
【考例】 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify（识别）those of 61 (great) and less importance.（2016全国卷Ⅱ）
【答案】 greater
【解析】 括号中给出的是形容词，根据语境以及下文的less importance可知，此处应使用形容词的比较级来修饰importance，故填greater。
【考例】 How much she looked without her glasses!
A. well B. good C. best D. better
【答案】 D
【解析】 考查暗含比较。这是一个感叹句，意思是“她不戴眼镜比戴着眼镜好看得多”。
形容词（短语）常可作伴随状语。如：
He returned home, safe and sound. 他安全地回家了。
He is standing there, full of fear. 他站在那儿，充满了恐惧。
He lay in bed, wide awake. 他躺在床上，十分清醒。
【考例】 and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired
【答案】 B
【解析】 short of breath是形容词短语，由and连接构成并列的也应该是形容词。此处是形容词短语作伴随状语。
1. He worked very late last Sunday. He went to bed, .
A. coldly and hungry B. cold and hungry C. coldly and hungrily D. being cold and angry
2. John plays football , if not better than David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
3. The old man was puzzled by the fact that medicine he took, he seemed to be.
A. the less; the better B. the most; the worst C. little; well D. the more; and the worst
4. The piano in the other shop will be but .
A. cheaper; not as good B. cheaper; not as better C. more cheap; not as better D. more cheap; not as good
5. —Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown's office?
—I'm sorry, but Mr. Brown works here. He left about three weeks ago.
A. not more B. no more C. not still D. no longer
6. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard .
A. the better voice B. a good voice C. a best voice D. a better voice
7. Wait till you are more . It's better to be sure than sorry.
A. inspired B. certain C. calm D. satisfied
8. Jimmy is the oldest boy and is taller than boy in the class.
A. the other B. any other C. each D. all
9. —The weather isn't good enough for an outing, is it?
—Not in the least. We cannot have at this time of the year.
A. a worse day B. a nicer day C. such bad a day D. so fine day
10. While tidying the room, Jim found the toy bought for him as a birthday present.
A. fine plastic small B. plastic flue small C. small fine plastic D. fine small plastic
11. You'd better go and buy some tomatoes for the dinner party, for you see, there are tomatoes left in the basket than I imagined.
A. far more B. far fewer C. many more D. many fewer
12. I have to give you as a gift.
A. something enough good B. enough good something C. something good enough D. good enough something
13. The plane flew smoothly in the sky and people spoke of the experienced pilot.
A. high; high B. highly; highly C. high; highly D. highly; high
14. Can you believe that in a rich country there should be many poor people?
A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such
15. —Can Li Hua help me with my English?
—I regret to tell you her English is yours.
A. as good as B. no more than C. no better than D. as much as
1. That would be a very (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours.
2. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.
3. The weather indicated that it was going to be (sun).
4. Just be (patience).
5. For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
6. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (clean) than ever.
7. But such a small thing couldn't (possible) destroy a village.
8. He must be (mental) disabled.
9. The teacher took a deep drink, smiled (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.
10. We drank together and talked (merry) till far into the night.
11. (actual) I believed I would work for a few years, get married, stay home and raise a family.
12. Our English teacher speaks English (fluent) than other teachers.
13. (fortunate), he fell off the ladder and broke his leg.
14. Then the daughter made a suggestion,“Would it be (good) to invite Love? Our home will then be filled with love!”
15. After the children left she cried for at (little) an hour.
16. When they saw how deep the pit was, they told the two frogs that they were as good as (die).
17. Instead he jumped even (hard) and finally made it.
18. After 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike (go), which was his only transport.
19. Two hours (late) my friend phoned me from the house.
20. “What are you busy with yourself, Mother?” (curious), a girl of less than six years old asked her mother.