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冠词是以往高考单项填空必考的语法项目之一，一般每年有一道小题，设空大都为两处。而且冠词也是语法填空和短文改错常考的考点。冠词分值虽然不大，但失分率较高。这主要是因为冠词用法比较灵活，往往随着语境的变化而变化，并且固定搭配和特例较多。但这并不意味着冠词的用法就无规律可循。综观历年高考试题，可以发现对冠词的考查主要涉及不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词以及固定用法等方面。
1. 辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前用a；元音音素开头的单数可数名词前用an。
【考例】 A attendant gave us some travel brochures about Chongqing.（2024全国甲卷）
【答案】 A改为An
【解析】 考查不定冠词a、an的区别。句意为：一位服务员给了我们一些关于重庆的旅游手册。attendant为元音因素开头的单词，其前应使用不定冠词an。
【考例】 Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.（2019全国卷III）
【答案】 an改为a
【解析】 名词style前面的形容词unique是以辅音音素/ju:/开头的单词，因此，前面应该用不定冠词a来修饰。此处a unique style表示“一种独特的风格”。
【考例】 Life is like ocean: Only strong-willed can reach the other shore.
A. an; the B. the; a C. the; / D. /; a
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意为：生活就像海洋，只有意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。本题第一空使用不定冠词an修饰以元音音素开头的ocean，泛指“一片海洋”。第二空后的strong-willed是一个形容词，在形容词前面加定冠词the表示“一类人”或者“一类事物”。the strong-willed指“意志坚强的人”。
2. 不定冠词a / an用于单数可数名词前，表泛指，说明事物的种类或类属。它往往含有“一”的意思，但侧重说明“种类”，而不强调数量。
【考例】 The price of fashion—economically and environmentally—has led to the rise of 56 new way of dressing, and it's beginning to take off in Australia, too.（2025年1月浙江卷）
【答案】 a
【解析】 考查不定冠词。句意为：时尚的代价——在经济层面和环境层面——都促使一种全新的穿衣方式应运而生，而这种方式也开始在澳大利亚逐渐流行起来。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处泛指一种新的方式。故填a。
【考例】 It's good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.
A. 不填；a B. a；不填 C. the；a D. a；the
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意为：对人们来说，欣赏上海世博会的感觉很好，这可以带给他们快乐。a good feeling意为“一种美好的感觉”；pleasure此处是抽象名词，无需冠词。
3. 不定冠词a / an可用于具体化的抽象名词或物质名词前。
有一些抽象名词或物质名词在一定情况下，特别是有限制性定语修饰时，意义往往具体化，变为可数名词，其前要加不定冠词。
【考例】 While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is 65 must to visit!（2021全国新高考卷I）
【答案】 a
【解析】 must作名词时具体化，意为“必不可少的东西；必须做的事”。
【考例】 For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.（2017浙江卷）
【答案】 a
【解析】 此处表示“一个”奇迹，故填a。
【考例】 Being able to afford drink would be comfort in those tough times.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填；a
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意为：在那些艰难的岁月里，能够有钱买杯酒喝就是一种慰藉了。drink意为“饮料；酒”，为物质名词，comfort意为“安慰”，为抽象名词，它们通常都作不可数名词用，但此处属于物质名词转化为可数名词、抽象名词转化为具体名词的情况，此时它们的前面可以加上不定冠词。句中的a drink表示“一杯酒”，a comfort意为“令人感到安慰的人或事物”。
4. 世界上独一无二的事物前面通常加定冠词the，但是其前有修饰语时，应使用不定冠词。
【考例】 We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the
【答案】 A
【解析】 sky和world都是表示世界上独一无二的专有名词，前面通常加定冠词，但是本题中两个名词前面都加了修饰语，应使用不定冠词。
1. 定冠词the用在表特指的单数可数名词、复数名词或不可数名词前，指前面已经提到或说话双方都能体会到或明了的人或事，或有一定语境明确地限制其范围或确定其为某一具体的人或事物。
【考例】 Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61 first time.（2024全国新高考卷I）
【答案】 walks; the
【解析】 考查动词时态和序数词前定冠词的使用。句意为：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受到古代丝绸之路影响的旅程，通过这条道路丝绸和许多植物品种首次来到了英国。分析句子结构可知，这是一个含有（by）which引导的定语从句的复合句。主句中缺少谓语动词，因此第60题应该填入一个谓语动词。walk sb. 意思是“引导/带领/指导某人走过”，根据前后文中谓语动词的时态可知，此处也应使用一般现在时，故填walks。第61题位于序数词first前面，应使用定冠词the，表示“第一次”。
【考例】 Not the pandas, even though 59 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.（2023全国新高考卷II）
【答案】 the
【解析】 考查定冠词表特指。句意为：他们不是和熊猫说英语，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，应使用定冠词，故填the。
【考例】 To celebrate 62 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.（2022全国乙卷）
【答案】 the
【解析】 考查定冠词用于表示特指的单数可数名词前。句意为：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京晋商博物馆举行了一些活动。此处特指前文提到的International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the，表示特指。
【考例】 prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris.（2016浙江卷）
A. The; 不填 B. A; 不填 C. A; the D. The; a
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意为：这次比赛获胜者的奖品是一次为期两周的巴黎之行。第一空填定冠词The，特指“获胜者的奖品”，第二空泛指“一个两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。故选D项。
【考例】 I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.
A. the; / B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意为：我刚刚听说多拉工作的银行被一个戴面具的枪手抢劫了。第一空特指“多拉所工作的银行”，应使用定冠词；第二空泛指“一个戴面具的枪手”，应使用不定冠词。
2. 定冠词the用于单数可数名词前，从整体上表示一类人或事物。
【考例】 The warmth of sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.
A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. 不填；the D. 不填；不填
【答案】 B
【解析】 sweater是可数名词，其前加定冠词the表示“毛衣”这一种类，着眼于整体。wool为泛指意义的不可数名词，不加冠词。
3. 定冠词用于形容词、副词最高级或序数词前。但当序数词不表顺序，而表示“再一，又一”时，使用不定冠词。
【考例】 Go is one of 57 earliest binary-based（基于二元的）games.（2025全国卷I）
【答案】 the
【解析】 考查定冠词用于形容词最高级前。句意为：围棋是最早的基于二元对弈的游戏之一。空后的“earliest”为形容词最高级，其前需用定冠词the。故填the。
【考例】 The plum trees are 70 first to flower even as the snow is melting（融化）.（2020全国卷II）
【答案】 the
【解析】 句意为：即使雪正在融化，腊梅还是最先开花。序数词first前应使用定冠词，意思是“最先；第一批”。
【考例】 I still remember how hard first day was.（2017全国卷I）
【答案】 在first day前加the / my
【解析】 first是序数词，其前应加定冠词the。另外，此处也可以使用形容词性物主代词my修饰first day。
【考例】 Marco Polo is said to have sailed on Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in thirteenth century.
A. the; a B. a; / C. /; the D. the; the
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意为：据说在13世纪，马可·波罗在去爪哇岛的航行途中经过了太平洋。在山脉、江河、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾、运河等专有名词前要用定冠词the，因此第一空Pacific Ocean前面要用定冠词the；而第二空后的名词century被序数词修饰，序数词前面也应用定冠词the。故该题的正确答案为D。
【考例】 He missed gold in the high jump, but will get second chance in the long jump.
A. the; the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. a; 不填
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意为：他在跳高比赛中失去了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中还有一次机会。第一空特指跳高比赛中的“金牌”，故用定冠词the；根据句意，第二空表示“再一，又一”，此时序数词前应使用不定冠词a，不用定冠词the。
4. 姓氏的复数前加定冠词表示“一家人”。
【考例】 65 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.（2021浙江卷）
【答案】 The
【解析】 句意为：林肯一家在1856年把房子扩大到两层来满足他们不断壮大的家庭的需要。表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”，应使用“the+姓氏复数”。
【考例】 —Could you tell me the way to Johnsons, please?
—Sorry, we don't have Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the B. the; a C. 不填；the D. the; 不填
【答案】 B
【解析】 姓氏的复数加定冠词表示“一家人”；不定冠词a可以用于专有名词前表示“某一个”或“一个叫……的人”。
5. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常加定冠词。
【考例】 As is known to all, People's Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world.
A. the; 不填 B. 不填；the C. the; the D. 不填；不填
【答案】 C
【解析】 the People's Republic of China是由普通名词构成的专有名词，其前应加定冠词；形容词最高级前也应使用定冠词，故选C。
1. 抽象化的具体名词前使用零冠词。
【考例】 If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get fast one.
A. the; the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. 不填；不填
【答案】 B
【解析】 by train / plane... 是习惯用法，名词前不使用冠词；one作为替代词，其前可有自己的修饰语，表示泛指，须用不定冠词。
2. man意为“人类”，word意为“消息”时，其前使用零冠词。
【考例】 Animals are obviously lower form of life than man.
A. a; / B. the; the C. a; the D. /; /
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意为：动物与人类相比显然是一种较为低等的生命形式。第一空所在句表示“一种较为低等的生命形式”，用表示泛指的a；第二空后的man意为“人类”，不用加冠词。
3. 球类、三餐以及学科名词前通常使用零冠词。
【考例】 She is newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. a; the
【答案】 C
【解析】 newcomer是可数名词，在此表示泛指；chemistry是学科名词，不加冠词。
4. 表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，在句中用作表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或同位语时，其前一般使用零冠词。
【考例】 Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take place of George.
A. /; / B. the; / C. the; the D. /; the
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意为：山姆已经被任命代替乔治的职位，担任工程部的经理。manager意为“职位，头衔”，并且在句中作主语补足语，其前要使用零冠词。take the place of意为“代替”，为固定搭配。
1. Have you heard news？The price of petrol is going up again!
A. the; the B. 不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填
2. We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent.
A. the; the B. 不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填
3. Students should be encouraged to use Internet as resource.
A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. the; the D. the; a
4. —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
—It is not your fault. With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.
A. a; a B. the; the C. 不填；不填 D. 不填；a
5. My neighbor asked me to go for walk, but I don't think I've got energy.
A. a; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填；the D. a; the
6. It's not good idea to drive for four hours without break.
A. a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the
7. I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20: 08 train.
A. the; a B. the; the C. a; the D. a; a
8. In the United States, there is always flow of people to areas of country where more jobs can be found.
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a
9. apple fell from the tree and hit him on head.
A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填
10. In many places in China, bicycle is still popular means of transportation.
A. a; the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the; the
11. —I'd like to call on Smiths this afternoon.
—Have nice day.
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; 不填 D. 不填；the
12. walk is expected to last all day, so bring packed lunch.
A. A; a B. The; 不填 C. The; a D. A; 不填
13. —How about Christmas evening party?
—I should say it was success.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
14. I looked under bed and found book I lost last week.
A. the; a B. the; the C. 不填；the D. the; 不填
1. —Could you tell me the way to Greens, please?
—Sorry, we don't have Green here in the village.
2. hike is expected to last two days, so bring tent.
3. —How about birthday party?
—I should say it was surprise.
4. village where I was born has grown into town.
5. Polar bears live mostly on sea ice, which they use as platform for hunting seals.
6. We had every reason to believe that 2008 Beijing Olympic Games would be success.
7. Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.
8. In film Cast Away , Tom Hanks plays man named Chuck Noland.
9. How about taking short break? I want to make call.
10. I wanted to catch early train, but couldn't get ride to the station.
11. I like color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse.
12. George couldn't remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church.
13. Christmas is special holiday when whole family are supposed to get together.
14. Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become popular name.
15. What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting.
16. The biggest whale is blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of 9-story building.
17. Let's go to cinema—that'll take your mind off the problem for while.
18. What pity that you couldn't be there to receive prize!
19. In order to find better job, he decided to study second foreign language.
20. I don't understand what the engineer means, but I've got rough idea of project plan.
21. Nowadays, how we can take good care of old is becoming a hot and serious topic.
22. If I were ever short of cash and couldn't afford to do anything much, which in those days was usually the case, I could always go outside and take look around.
23. He tapped her on shoulder,“Hi! I have been looking for you for such a long time!”
24. Today the Internet is playing important and essential role in our life.
25. First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you can never get second chance to make first impressions.
26. Our destination was Orewa, seaside town.
27. It's pleasure for me to be here to speak to such a distinguished group from all over the world.
28. Imagine falling towards the planet Earth at awesome speed of 300 kilometers per hour.
29. There is no doubt that English has become universal language nowadays.
30. Second, we must set goal, which motivates us to pursue our dreams.