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综合近几年高考对名词的考查可知，其常考点主要为：名词的可数与不可数；抽象名词具体化；名词的普通格、所有格以及双重所有格作定语；名词作定语；名词词义辨析等。
名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。个体名词和集合名词一般是可数的；物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词一般是不可数的，但应注意具体名词抽象化和抽象名词具体化，这是高考考查的热点。
【考例】 As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.（2025年1月浙江卷）
【答案】 times
【解析】 考查名词的数。句意为：随着人们现在选择穿更多的衣服，穿更少的次数，服装租赁服务变得越来越受欢迎。分析句子结构并结合句意和空格前的fewer可知，此处需要用名词的复数形式，表示“更少的次数”。故填times。
【考例】 These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.（2024全国新高考卷I）
【答案】 favourites
【解析】 考查名词的数。句意为：这些植物包括现代西方国家的最爱，如迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。分析句子结构可知，空格前Western是形容词，意思是“西方国家的”，提示后面应填名词形式，空格后又列举了三种植物，所以空格处应填名词复数形式。favourite既可以用作形容词，意思是“最喜欢的；特别受喜爱的”，也可以用作名词，意思是“特别喜爱的人（或事物）”，故填favourites。
【考例】 They also need to be ready to give 61 (interview) in English with international journalists.（2023全国新高考卷II）
【答案】 interviews
【解析】 考查名词的数。句意为：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空格前面是动词 give，所以空格处应填名词，作宾语。interview意为“采访”，为可数名词，从后面的international journalists可知，应该是不止一段采访，故应使用复数形式，填interviews。
【考例】 Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.（2022全国乙卷）
【答案】 bicycle改为bicycles
【解析】 考查名词的数。句意为：如果我们用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle是可数名词，由句中的cars和句意可知，此处应使用复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。
【考例】 The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are.（2021全国新高考卷I）
【答案】 humans
【解析】 本题考查名词的数。括号中给出的提示词是可数名词human，根据其在句中作we的同位语可知，此处应使用名词复数形式，故填humans。
【考例】 Later, they learned to work with the 62 (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 63 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields.（2020浙江卷）
【答案】 seasons; making
【解析】 本题考查名词的数和非谓语动词。62题括号中给出的提示词是名词season，根据其在句中位于介词with和定冠词the之后可知，此处仍应使用名词。season是可数名词，此处应使用其复数形式。第63题括号中给出的提示词是动词make，但本句中已有谓语动词learned，此处应使用非谓语动词形式。根据并列连词and前后并列的成分和句意可知，此处应与planting并列，故填making。
【考例】 No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various 6 (activity) on Earth Day.（2019北京卷）
【答案】 activities
【解析】 本题考查名词的数。括号中给出的提示词是名词activity，根据其在句中位于介词in和形容词various后可知，此处应使用名词。activity是可数名词，并且前面有various（各种各样的）修饰，因此，此处应使用复数形式。
【考例】 Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).（2018全国卷I）
【答案】 that / which; causes
【解析】 本题考查定语从句的关系词和名词的数。分析句子结构可知，这是一个含有定语从句的复合句，定语从句的先行词是study，published in 2014是过去分词短语作定语修饰study。study在定语从句中作主语，故66题填that或which引导定语从句。67题括号中给出的提示词是名词，此处位于介词from后，还应使用名词，由前面的修饰语all可知，应使用cause的复数形式。
【考例】 This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.（2017全国卷I）
【答案】 as; effects
【解析】 本题考查介词和名词的数。分析句子结构可知，61题位于定语从句中、名词之前，应填入介词，表示“作为一种抵御心脏病的方式”，故填as。62题表示“副作用”，根据空格前面的some和后面的such as overweight and heart disease可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故用名词复数形式effects。
英语中表示有生命的东西的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加“’s”，无生命的东西常用of属格。但表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也用加“’s”来构成所有格。如：today's newspaper, ten minutes' walk, China's industry等。
【考例】 “I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean 65 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,”she says.（2025年1月浙江卷）
【答案】 people's; returning
【解析】 考查名词所有格和非谓语动词。句意为：她说道：“我真心希望这件事能为当下人们的生活带来实际意义，而且我明白，这并不总是意味着要在某个特别的周末过后的周一归还一件连衣裙。”分析句子结构并结合句意可知，第一空表示“人们的生活”，所以需要使用所有格形式，故填people's。第二空作动词mean（意味着，意思是）的宾语，应使用动名词形式，故填returning。
【考例】 “He saved my 64 (son) life,”said Mrs. Brown.（2022全国新高考卷II）
【答案】 son's
【解析】 考查名词的格。句意为：布朗夫人说：“他救了我儿子的命。”根据句意可知，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格，填son's。
【考例】 The shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into car.
A. girl's; Tom's B. girls’; Toms' C. girls’; Tom's D. girl's; Toms’
【答案】 C
【解析】 本题考查名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知第一空对应复数girls。复数名词的所有格直接在其后面加“’”；第二空表示Tom的汽车，故在Tom后加“’s”。
名词可以用作定语修饰后面的名词，表示类别、处所、材料、时间、功能、用途等，名词作定语时通常要用单数形式。如：
a shoe shop（鞋店）、street lamps（路灯）、a cotton blouse（棉布罩衫）、morning exercises（早操）、a book case（书柜）
【考例】 When I was little, Friday's night was our family game night.（2018全国卷II）
【答案】 Friday's改为Friday
【解析】 考查名词作定语。Friday是时间名词，作定语时不用所有格形式。此处修饰night，意为“星期五晚上”。
【考例】 The is just around the corner and you won't miss it.
A. bicycle's shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles'shop
【答案】 B
【解析】 bicycle是无生命的东西，不用“’s”所有格形式作定语；使用名词作定语时，作定语的名词应使用单数形式。
【考例】 He dropped the and broke it.
A. cup of coffee B. coffee's cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
【答案】 D
【解析】 coffee是无生命的东西，不用“’s”所有格形式作定语；应使用名词作定语。
作定语的名词通常使用单数形式，但是man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，作定语的man和woman也应使用复数形式。例如：
All the women doctors in the hospital got a rise in salary last month. 上个月医院里的所有女大夫都涨了工资。
近年来的高考试题语境化程度越来越高，经常考查名词词义在具体语境中的细微差异；同时，地道的英语惯用法的掌握情况也是命题者测试的热点。
【考例】 Great improvements in public health have been brought about by in medical science.（2021天津春季高考卷）
A. traditions B. advances C. pressures D. examples
【答案】 B
【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。句意为：医学进步极大地改善了公共卫生状况。traditions意为“传统”；advances意为“进步”；pressures意为“压力”；examples意为“例子”。故选B项。
【考例】 The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable .（2020江苏卷）
A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission
【答案】 B
【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。句意为：许多国家的卫生保障体系正在经历相当大的变化。reservation意为“预订；预约；保留意见”；transformation意为“变化，改观，转变，改革”；distinction意为“差别；区别；对比”；submission意为“屈服；提交；呈递”。根据语境和句意可知，此处应选择B项。
【考例】 We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) on our lives in many ways.（2019天津卷）
A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment
【答案】 B
【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。句意为：我们能够观察到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了影响。statement意为“陈述；说明”；impact意为“影响；冲击”；impression意为“印象；感想”；judgment意为“判断；审判”。故选B项。
【考例】 Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the you've made.（2018江苏卷）
A. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption
【答案】 D
【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。句意为：试着去理解实际正在发生的事情，而不要按照你所做的假设行事。选项中四个名词有一定难度：assignment意为“任务；作业”；association意为“协会；团体；联系”；acquisition意为“获得；习得”；assumption意为“假设”。根据句意可知应选D项。
【考例】 It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your .（2016浙江卷）
A. condition B. income C. credit D. status
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意为：及时支付电费账单很重要，因为逾期付费可能会影响你的信用。根据句意可知credit符合语境，意为“信用，信誉”。condition意为“条件，状况”，income意为“收入”，status意为“地位，身份”，都不符合语境。
【考例】 There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some and then let me know.
A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority
【答案】 A
【解析】 本题考查名词词义辨析。句意为：你现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。你再考虑一下，然后告诉我。thought意为“思想；想法；关心；思索”；support意为“支撑；支持者”；protection意为“保护”；authority意为“权威；权力”。根据句意可知应填thought。give it some thought意思是“考虑一下”。
【考例】 Her for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
A. motivation B. qualification C. talent D. technique
【答案】 A
【解析】 本题考查名词词义辨析。句意为：她写作的动机是出于对女性获得高等教育权利的渴望。motivation意为“动机”；qualification意为“资格，条件”；talent意为“天才，才干”；technique意为“技巧，技术”。根据句意可知应该选择A项。
【考例】 —Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well, you know, English is my . So it is my best choice.
A. strength B. talent C. ability D. skill
【答案】 A
【解析】 本题考查名词词义辨析。本题为对话形式的考题，根据问话者提问“你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作”和答话者答语后半句的进一步解释“这是我最好的选择”，可知本空指的是“英语是我的强项”。strength意为“优势，强项，长处”，与weakness是反义词，符合语境和句意。talent意为“天赋，才能，天才”，ability意为“才能，能力”，skill意为“技术，技巧”，都与句意不符。
1. To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion“Save Our ”.
A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices
2. What's the of having a public open space where you can't eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?
A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion
3. —I can't repair these until tomorrow, I'm afraid.
—That's OK. There's .
A. no problem B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry
4. —Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?
—Because the old one has been damaged .
A. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description
5. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real .
A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business
6. —Shall we go out for a walk?
—Sorry. This is not the right to invite me. I am too tired to walk.
A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance
7. Dogs have a very good of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.
A. sense B. view C. means D. idea
8. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly .
A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon
9. In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a for everyone to stand up.
A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure
10. The young man made a to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.
A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution
11. My morning includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.
A. drill B. action C. regulation D. routine
12. I can't say which wine is best—it's a(n) of personal taste.
A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety
13. The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common in many parts of the city.
A. look B. sign C. sight D. appearance
14. —I wonder why John is always full of .
—He takes exercise every morning.
A. dream B. luck C. strength D. energy
15. Despite such a big difference in towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.
A. point B. idea C. attitude D. sight
1. Father went to his doctor for (advise) on his heart trouble.
2. There are ten (woman) teachers and two hundred (girl) students in the school.
3. Facing cut-throat (compete) in all subjects, students must devote as much of their time as possible.
4. I shall never fear difficulty and I shall never know the (exist) of the word“failure”.
5. These people have made great (contribute) to China with their work.
6. Not long ago he sent (word) that he would return with his family.
7. She was born in London and spent her (young) there.
8. The (erupt) of Mount Kilauea, one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii, is always taking people by surprise.
9. His (curious) made him wonder about clouds.
10. Except for some short songs and poems included in his plays, all of (Shakespeare) greatest poems are sonnet.
11. The number of languages is getting smaller all the time because of the steady (grow) of bigger languages.
12. Tight jeans and trousers, short skirts and even sensible flat shoes may all cause (ill).
13. Reduce the amount of it if you suffered from restlessness or (sleep) after taking the medicine.
14. I saw many (Japan) seated in the corner and reading something.
15. You should take more (exercise). Don't always sit at the desk busy doing your (exercise).
16. Mr. Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) I decided to get him a present.
17. I took out my guidebook in which there was a lot of information about the city's well-known tourist (attract) and started to read.
18. Some people have put forward the idea that the remains date from this period because of their (similar) to those found elsewhere.
19. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of (fuel) like coal, gas and oil.
20. One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living (expensive).
21. The head office of China Bank is in Beijing, but it has (branch) all over the country.
22. I have a (believe) that I must do my best every day.
23. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their (strong) and (weak).
24. We take (proud) in the prosperity of our country.
25. She greeted the little boy with (warm), waving her hand.
26. More than 300 (coach) have been invited to the meeting.
27. They took some (photo) when they visited China.
28. Unfortunately, a great many (deer) have been killed in the past decade.
29. There is a growing (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
30. Hearing this, the whole class burst into laughter and my (deskmate) face turned red.