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第2讲
倒装与省略

[学习建议:第2、3天完成]

Part A [一目了然超级记忆]

问:历年高考倒装和省略各有哪些考点?

答: 倒装考点主要有三种:全倒装、半倒装和特殊倒装。省略考点主要有两种,分别是肯定句so和否定句neither/nor省略。请看超级记忆导图:

Part B [妙思仁心考点详解]

Section 1:全倒装

问:全倒装是什么样子的?

答: 全倒装的样子就是把句子从ABC结构变成CBA结构。

问:全倒装有几大高考考点?

答: 全倒装有三大高考考点,具体如下:

高考考点一:here、there、now、then等词位于句首
高考原句填空

John opened the door. There _____ (站着一个女孩,stand)he had never seen before. [ 陕西卷 ]

温馨讲解: 【答案】 stood a girl

王牌技巧之三步解题法

第一步识别考点:由句首的There识别该题考点为全倒装。

第二步运用技巧:全倒装之王牌技巧就是将ABC的正常语序变成CBA语序。

第三步解出答案:由以上分析得出答案为stood a girl。可以看出There stood a girl就是将A girl stood there前后顺序颠倒,典型的ABC变CBA模式。

高考考点二:副词短语(常为go away、rush out等固定搭配)中的副词位于句首
高考原句再现

Away fled the thief. = The thief fled away . 小偷跑了。[ 上海卷 ]

经典例句

Down came the rain. 下起雨来了。

Up went the balloon. 气球升起来了。

高考考点三:介词短语位于句首
高考原句填空

At the foot of the mountain ______ (一个村庄坐落在,lie). [ 四川卷 ]

A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village

王牌技巧之三步解题法

第一步识别考点:由句首的At the foot of the mountain识别该题考点为全倒装。

第二步运用技巧:全倒装之王牌技巧就是将ABC的正常语序变成CBA语序,且表达地理位置应该用现在时,所以我们先写出正常语序a village lies,然后再倒过来。

第三步解出答案:由以上分析可得出答案为B。

问:全倒装有例外吗?

答: 当然有。如果主语是人称代词(he、she、it、they等)时,句子不能全倒装。例如:

Section 2:半倒装

问:半倒装是什么样子的?

答: 半倒装的样子像一个一般疑问句。

问:半倒装有几大高考考点?

答: 半倒装有四大高考考点,具体如下:

高考考点一:否定半倒装

当我们把否定词、词组或句型放到句首时,整个句子要变成半倒装。

高考原句填空

她不在乎自己的外表,她在乎的全是自己的工作表现。

Little ______ (care)what she looks like; all she cares about is her job performance. [ 湖北卷 ]

温馨讲解: 【答案】 does she care (about)

由句首的Little识别该题考点为半倒装,而半倒装之 王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句 ,又根据句中时态为现在时,所以得出答案为does she care (about)。

—How was the televised debate last night? [ 上海卷 ]

—Super! Rarely ______ so much media attention. (一场辩论吸引,attract)

温馨讲解: 【答案】 did a debate attract

第一步识别考点:由句首的Rarely识别该题考点为否定半倒装。

第二步运用技巧:半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,且由last night可知用过去式,所以我们先写出正常语序a debate attracted,再变成一般疑问句语序。

第三步解出答案:由以上分析可得出答案为did a debate attract。

问:半倒装中常见的位于句首的否定词、词组和句型有哪些?

答: 如下所示:

A. 常见否定词:

no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,nowhere,rarely

B. 常见否定词组:

by no means,under no circumstances,in no way,at no time,in no case

C. 常见否定句型:

not only... but also,hardly/scarcely... when,no sooner... than,not until...

问:半倒装中常考的重难点有哪些?

答: 主要有三大重难点,如下所示:

重难点1. 当not until引导主从复合句,记住 只倒装主句

如:Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

重难点2. 当“not only... but also”连接两个句子时, not only 部分用半 倒装结构 。如果“not only... but also”连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。

如:Not only you but also I am fond of music.

重难点3. “hardly/scarcely... when”“no sooner... than”表示“一……就”时,主句用had done,从句用did。

如:Hardly had she got married when she regretted her choice.

高考考点二:only +状语,主句半倒装

问:只要only位于句首,句子就能倒装吗?

答: only位于句首,且后必须要加状语,主句才能使用半倒装,即“only +状语+主句半倒装”。

高考原句填空

Only if people of all the countries are united _______ (我们才能解决,solve)the existing problems in the world. [ 湖北卷 ]

温馨讲解: 【答案】 can we solve

由句首的Only和if引导的条件状语从句识别该题考点为半倒装,而半倒装之 王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句 ,所以由we can solve变成can we solve。句意为“只有所有国家的人们团结起来,我们才能解决这个世界上现存的问题”。

高考考点三:“so... that”半倒装

问:只要该句型中的so位于句首,句子就能倒装吗?

答: “so... that”句型中的so位于句首时,其所在句需倒装。但是这个倒装在变的时候有点特殊。so要先接形容词或副词,然后再半倒装,即“So +形容词/副词+半倒装”。

高考经典真题

______ that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. [ 陕西卷 ]

A. So successful her business was

B. So successful was her business

C. So her business was successful

D. So was her successful business

王牌技巧之三步解题法

第一步识别考点:由选项中的So识别该题考点为半倒装。

第二步运用技巧:运用王牌技巧“So +形容词/副词+半倒装”的公式,首先排除选项C、D,因为So后面没有接形容词或副词;然后根据 半倒装像个一般疑问句 ,排除选项A。

第三步解出答案:由以上分析可得出答案为B,选项B符合“So +形容词/副词+半倒装”的公式。

高考考点四:虚拟语气半倒装

问:虚拟半倒装是如何变的?

答: 当if引导的从句含虚拟语气时,从句的谓语动词出现were、had、should这三个助动词中的一个,可将if省略,从句变成半倒装。

经典例句

Were the sun to rise in the west,I would marry you.

= If the sun were to rise in the west,I would marry you.

如果太阳从西边出来,我就嫁给你。(表示与将来的事实相反,这里指没希望)

Were I you ,I would try it again.

= If I were you,I would try it again.

如果我是你,我会再试一次的。(鼓励他人的经典表达)

高考考点:although引导的从句变成as引导
Section 3:特殊倒装

问:although引导的从句变成as引导,特殊倒装是如何变化的?

答: although变成as引导从句时,特殊倒装要分两步走,关键在于要将从句中的表语提前。

Although he is rich,I don't envy him.

虽然他很富有,但我并不羡慕他。

第一步:把Although换成As,此时,该句还只是个“半成品”。

As he is rich,I don't envy him.

第二步:把从句中的表语提到句首,即完成倒装。

Rich as he is,I don't envy him.

问:although变as的倒装中常考的重难点有哪些?

答: 主要有三大重难点,如下所示:

重难点1. 表语如果是名词的话,将名词移到句首后要 省略名词前的冠词

Although he is a king,he is unhappy.

= King as he is,he is unhappy. (√)

虽然他是个国王,但他并不幸福。

注意: A king as he is,he is unhappy. (×)

重难点2. 如果同时有实义动词和助动词,则只需 把实义动词提到句首

Try ______ she might,Sue couldn't get the door open. [ 全国卷 ]

A. if B. when C. since D. as

解题思路: 由选项可识别该题考点为状语从句,由题干中的Try又可以识别出考查倒装语序。分析四个选项,唯一可以用于倒装结构的只有D。as引导的让步状语从句应将状语、表语甚至谓语提前,构成形式上的倒装。题干前半句说她可能试过,后半句说Sue不能打开门,明显前后两句意思上存在转折。as表示“虽然,尽管”,符合句意。

注意: Might as she try,Sue couldn't get the door open. (×)

重难点3. 由although和as引导的让步状从句可换成though引导。

Try though she might,Sue couldn't get the door open. (√)

= Though she might try,Sue couldn't get the door open.

Section 4:省略
高考考点:so/neither/nor表示赞同或类似

问:“so +主语+助动词”和“so +助动词+主语”的区别是什么?

答: “so +主语+助动词”表示赞同对方所讲的话,或对前面所发生的事情表示确定。“so +助动词+主语”表示类似,即“A是某种情况,B也是某种情况”。

高考原句填空

——我不知道你是怎么认为的,但我很讨厌这种天气。

——我也是。我无法忍受整天下雨。

—I don't know about you,but I'm sick and tired of this weather.

—_____ (so). I can't stand all this rain. [ 山东卷 ]

温馨讲解: 【答案】 So am I

由上下文的句意可识别该题考点为省略。根据下文中的I can't stand all this rain可知,此处与上一句I'm sick and tired of this weather的感受类似。根据省略考点,肯定句用so,再根据句意表示类似,得出应该用So am I,表示“我也是”。

Part C [历年真题精讲精练]

Section 1:高考原句填空

1. Never in my wildest dreams ______ (我可以想象,imagine)these people are living in such poor conditions. [ 安徽卷 ]

2. So fast ______ (光的传播,travel)that we can hardly imagine its speed. [ 湖北卷 ]

3. Only when he reached the tea-house ______ (他才意识到,realize)it was the same place he'd been in last year. [ 全国卷 ]

4. In the dark forests ______ (许多湖位于,lie),some large enough to hold several English towns. [ 辽宁卷 ]

5. We laugh at jokes,but seldom ______ (我们很少去思考,think)about how they work. [ 四川卷 ]

6. Not until two days after the earthquake ______ (她发现,find)her mother alive. [ 湖北卷 ]

7. So ______ (这对夫妇是如此的好奇,curious)about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. [ 江苏卷 ]

8. Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason,and ______ (我也不高兴,neither). [ 辽宁卷 ]

9. —It's burning hot today,isn't it?

—Yes. ______ yesterday. (昨天也很热,so)[ 福建卷 ]

10. Not until the motorbike looked almost new ______ (他才停止了,stop)repairing and cleaning it. [ 陕西卷 ]

11. —I reminded you not to forget the appointment.

—______. (是的,你确实提醒过,so)[ 江西卷 ]

12. —Father,you promised!

—Well,______ (是的,我承诺过,so). But it was you who didn't keep your word first. [ 湖北卷 ]

13. Little _____ (她不在乎外表,care)what she looks like; all she cares about is her job performance. [ 湖北卷 ]

14. Only when you can find peace in your heart _____ (你才会保持,keep)good relationships with others. [ 湖南卷 ]

15. Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _____ (病人们才能得到治疗,treat)properly in this hospital. [ 全国卷 ]

16. Not until he left his home ______ (他才开始,begin)to know how important the family was for him. [ 江西卷 ]

17. —Is everyone here?

—Not yet... Look,there _______ (come)the rest of our guests! [ 江苏卷 ]

18. —I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!

—______ (我也不会再来了,neither). [ 全国卷 ]

19. —You forgot your purse when you went out.

—Good heavens,______ (我确实忘了带钱包,so). [ 上海卷 ]

Section 2:高考经典真题

1. Not until he went through real hardship _____ the love we have for our families is important. [ 福建卷 ]

A. had he realized B. did he realize C. he realized D. he had realized

2. At no time ______ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. [ 辽宁卷 ]

A. they actually broke B. do they actually break C. did they actually break D. they had actually broken

3. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ______,one of the ten largest cities in China. [ 重庆卷 ]

A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie

4. For a moment nothing happened. Then ______ all shouting together. [ 福建卷 ]

A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come

5. Never before ______ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. [ 江西卷 ]

A. had she B. she had C. has she D. she has

6. ______,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. [ 重庆卷 ]

A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student

7. ______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. [ 江苏卷 ]

A. Only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will

8. ______ homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest. [ 福建卷 ]

A. So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little

9. Only when your identity has been checked _____. [ 上海卷 ]

A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in

10. Hot ______ the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. [ 陕西卷 ]

A. although B. as C. while D. however

11. Unsatisfied ______ with the payment,he took the job just to get some work experience. [ 重庆卷 ]

A. though was he B. though he was C. he was though D. was he though

12. I've tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ______ with my progress. [ 重庆卷 ]

A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied

13. Not once ______ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. [ 湖南卷 ]

A. occurred it B. it did occur C. it occurred D. did it occur

14. They have a good knowledge of English but little ______ they know about German. [ 天津卷 ]

A. have B. did C. had D. do

15. No sooner ______ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. [ 陕西卷 ]

A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has

16. So sudden ______ that the enemy had no time to escape. [ 山东卷 ]

A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was

17. ______ the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well. [ 全国卷 ]

A. Not do only B. Do not only C. Only not do D. Not only do

18. Not only ______ interested in football but ______ beginning to show an interest in it. [ 上海卷 ]

A. the teacher himself is; all his students are

B. the teacher himself is; are all his students

C. is the teacher himself; are all his students

D. is the teacher himself; all his students are

19. —Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.

—______ and so did I. [ 安徽卷 ]

A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she

20. —My room gets very cold at night.

—______. [ 江苏卷 ]

A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does

答案详解

Section 1

1. 解析: 否定词never位于句首时,主句使用半倒装,半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,根据句意答案为could/can I imagine。

2. 解析: 考查倒装句的用法。so... that句型中如果so置于句首,其所在句要用半倒装。根据can hardly imagine得知用一般现在时,所以答案为does light travel。

3. 解析: 由句首的Only when识别该题考点为半倒装。半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,从而迅速得出答案为did he realize。

4. 解析: 本题考查介词短语位于句首的全倒装。全倒装之王牌技巧就是将ABC的正常语序变成CBA语序,题干的前半部分的正常语序应为Many lakes lie in the dark forests,变全倒装后答案就是lie many lakes。

5. 解析: 否定词seldom位于句首时用半倒装,半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,从而迅速得出答案为do we think,句意为“我们因笑话而笑,但很少去思考笑话是如何让我们发笑的”。

6. 解析: not until 位于句首时要用半倒装,半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,而迅速得出答案为did she find。

7. 解析: 本题考查主谓一致和倒装结构。本句意为:这对夫妇对于野生植物是如此的好奇,以至于他们决定去马达加斯加旅行,为了做进一步研究。运用王牌技巧“so +形容词/副词+半倒装”的公式,得出答案为 curious were the couple,谓语用复数形式。

8. 解析: 本句意为:比尔对贾森耽误了报告的事不高兴,我也是(我也不高兴)。表示否定的类似时,应该用“neither/nor +助动词+主语”,迅速得出答案为neither was I。

9. 解析: 本题考查“so +助动词+主语”表示“类似”。根据句意可知昨天也和今天一样炎热,表示“类似”,从而迅速得出答案为So was it。

10. 解析: not until位于句首时,主句要用半倒装语序。半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,又根据looked可知发生在过去,从而迅速得出答案为did he stop。

11. 解析: 本题考查“so +主语+助动词”表示“赞同”。根据回答“是的,你确实提醒过”,可知这里是表示“赞同”,从而迅速得出答案为So you did。

12. 解析: 本题考查“so +主语+助动词”表示“赞同”。由括号内容可知爸爸的回答是“是的,我承诺过”,表示“赞同”,从而迅速得出答案为so I did。

13. 解析: 句首有关键词Little,句子需半倒装。半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,从而迅速得出答案为does she care。

14. 解析: “only +状语”位于句首时要用半倒装,半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句。根据when引导的状语从句中的can,可知主句要用将来时,即“主将从现”,故答案为will you keep。

15. 解析: “only +状语”位于句首时要用半倒装,半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,所以答案为can the patients be treated。

16. 解析: not until位于句首要用半倒装。半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句。根据题意,他离开(left)后才开始意识到家庭的重要,所以用一般过去时,从而得出答案为did he begin。

17. 解析: there位于句首用全倒装,从单复数来看,the rest of our guests为复数形式;其次,根据语法规则,全倒装中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态,可用一般现在时表示将来,故答案为come。

18. 解析: 本题考查“so +助动词+主语”表示“类似”。根据句意可知后者和前者的做法一样,以后也不会再来了,所以答案为Neither would I。

19. 解析: “so +主语+助动词”表示赞同别人所说的话。Good heavens说明自己确实在出门时忘了带钱包,所以答案为 so I did。

Section 2

1. 解析: not until 位于句首时要用半倒装,半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,迅速排除C、D。A 为过去完成时,表示动作发生在went through real hardship之前,但根据句意得知,他是先经历艰难,而后才意识到我们对家庭的爱很重要,所以A选项错误。所以答案为B。

2. 解析: at no time(在任何时候都不,绝不)位于句首时要用半倒装,半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,迅速排除A、D。B和C差别在于时态,根据题干时态标志词was可知答案为C。

3. 解析: 本题考查介词短语位于句首的全倒装。全倒装之王牌技巧就是将ABC的正常语序变成CBA,所以选项中正常语序都不对。可首先排除选项B。不存在C项这种结构形式,而D为半倒装,不符合此处用法。故答案选A。

4. 解析: then位于句首且当句子的主语是名词时,句子用全倒装,全倒装之王牌技巧就是将ABC的正常语序变成CBA,所以选项中正常语序都不对。可首先排除选项A、C。D为半倒装,不符合此处用法。所以答案为B。

5. 解析: 句首有关键词Never,句子用半倒装。半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,排除B、D。再根据never before可知应用现在完成时,故选C。

6. 解析: as引导让步状语从句倒装时,表语要放到句首,如果表语是名词,名词前的冠词要省略。该句中表语是a quiet student,冠词要省略。所以答案为B。

7. 解析: 本句意为:只有吃适当的食物,你才能够保持健康。可知unless不符合句意,可先排除C、D。only if位于句首时,主句应用半倒装形式,所以答案为A。

8. 解析: 由题干中的did we have to do可知是考查半倒装,而符合半倒装的只有A、D。根据句意,是作业太多了,以至于没时间休息,所以答案为A。

9. 解析: “only +状语”位于句首时要用半倒装,半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,排除A、B,而C选项中没有用被动语态,所以也可排除。故答案选D。本句意为:只有当你的身份得到确认后,你才被准许进入。

10. 解析: 本题考查as引导的让步状语从句的倒装用法。题干中表语Hot置于句首,明显符合该倒装用法。其他三个选项都不能将表语提到句首。所以答案为B。

11. 解析: 本题考查though引导的让步状语从句的倒装用法。将表语Unsatisfied提到句首,其后跟引导词和正常的主谓语序。所以答案为B。

12. 解析: by no means意为“绝不”,放在句首时,句子要用半倒装语序。半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,因此D项正确。B项多了not一词,应排除。

13. 解析: 否定词not和状语位于句首时,主句使用半倒装,半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,所以答案是D。本题包含一个高考常考的句型:It occurs/occured to sb. that...(某人突然想起/想到……)

14. 解析: 连词but后面连接的并列句以否定词little开头,根据语法规则,否定副词放在句首要用半倒装。前半句用了一般现在时,且此处的have属于实义动词,不是助动词,所以不能选用A和C,因为选项A和C是助动词。句子应该用一般现在时态,所以本题答案为D。

15. 解析: 句首有关键词No sooner,句子要用半倒装。半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,排除B、D。再根据句意“莫言一走上台,观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声”得知,莫言走上台发生在前,所以应用过去完成时,故选A项。

16. 解析: “so... that...”的结构中,若so和它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首,其所在句要用半倒装,根据“so +形容词/副词+半倒装”的公式可知,答案选C。注意此处是系表结构,把表语提前,如果选A会导致句意不通。

17. 解析: 该题考得很巧妙,此处把习惯搭配“not only... but also”改为了“not only... as well”,用as well替换了but also。句意为:护士不仅想要涨工资,而且还想减少工作时间。当not only位于句首时用半倒装,半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,所以答案为D。

18. 解析: not only位于句首时句子要用半倒装。半倒装之王牌技巧就是像个一般疑问句,但要注意只有not only引导的部分用半倒装结构。所以答案为D。

19. 解析: 本题考查“so +助动词+主语”与“so +主语+助动词”的意义区别。“so +助动词+主语”表示“某人也做某事,某人情况也一样”。而“so +主语+助动词”则表示说话人赞同对方所讲的话,或对前面所发生的事情表示肯定。句意为:——玛吉在聚会上玩得很开心。——她确实很开心,我也玩得很开心。所以答案为C。注意题干中的had是实义动词,而不是助动词。

20. 解析: 本题考查“so +助动词+主语”与“so +主语+助动词”的意义区别。“so +助动词+主语”表示“某人也做某事,某人情况也一样”,表示后者与前面陈述的情况类似。而“so +主语+助动词”则表示说话人赞同对方所讲的话。根据句意可知该题表示类似的情况,且谓语动词为gets,要用does来替代,所以要选C。 o7d97z8BnfaShEN9QgveGhkY9Br4n7WGoS36HBZSk3+6V3kBeU/d19Uc5yqOxaDm

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