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1. Come on—everybody’s doing it.
词汇
come on 来吧；开始；赶快
everybody [ˑevribɒdi] pron. 每人；人人
2. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.
词汇
whisper [ˑwɪspə(r)] v. 耳语，低语
message [ˑmesɪdʒ] n. 口信，消息
invitation [ˌɪnvɪˑteɪʃn] n. 邀请；引起
force [fɔːs] v. 强迫
think of 想起；记起
peer [pɪə(r)] n. 同龄人，同等地位的人，相匹敌的人
peer pressure 同伴压力；来自同辈的压力
3. It usually leads to no good—drinking, drugs and casual sex.
词汇
usually [ˑjuːʒuəli] ad. 通常，平常
lead to 导致；通向
good [ɡʊd] a. 符合道德的；正派的；好的
drink [drɪŋk] v. 喝酒；（尤指）酗酒 n. 饮料；酒
drug [drʌɡ] n. 毒品；药物
casual [ˑkæʒuəl] a. 随便的；休闲的；偶然的；临时的
sex [seks] n. 性；性别
4. But in her new book Join the Club , Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.
词汇
contend [kənˑtend] v. 声称，主张
peer pressure 同伴压力；来自同辈的压力
positive [ˑpɒzətɪv] a. 乐观的；积极的
force [fɔːs] n. 力量；影响力
through [θruː] prep. 穿过；自始至终；由，通过
call [kɔːl] v. 认为……是 ；打电话；号召
social [ˑsəʊʃl] a. 社会的；交际的
cure [kjʊə] n. 治愈；疗法；对策
social cure 社会治疗
organization [ˌɔːɡənaɪˑzeɪʃn] n. 组织；机构
official [əˑfɪʃl] n. 官员，高级职员
group [ɡruːp] n. 群，组；集团
dynamics [daɪˑnæmɪks] n. 动力；力学
group dynamics 群体互动
individual [ˌɪndɪˑvɪdʒuəl] n. 个人，个体
improve [ɪmˑpruːv] v. 改善，增进，进步
possibly [ˑpɒsəbli] ad. 可能；或许
5. Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: in South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.
词汇
recipient [rɪˑsɪpiənt] n. 接受者；接收器
Pulitzer Prize 普利策奖
offer [ˑɒfə(r)] v. 提供，给予
a host of 许多的，大量的
example [ɪɡˑzɑːmpl] n. 实例，例证；模范
social cure 社会治疗
in action 在活动；在运转
South Carolina 南卡罗来纳州
sponsor [ˑspɒnsə(r)] v. 赞助；倡议
state-sponsored [steɪtˑspɒnsəd] a. 国家 / 州支持的
antismoking [ˌæntɪˑsməʊkɪŋ] a. 反对吸烟的
program [ˑprəʊɡræm] n. 计划，规划；节目单
rage [reɪdʒ] n. 盛怒；狂暴
haze [heɪz] n. 烟雾，霾；迷糊
set out 着手；开始；陈述
cigarette [ˌsɪɡəˑret] n. 香烟
uncool [ˌʌnˑkuːl] a. 不“酷”的；没把握的；不冷静沉着的
6. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.
词汇
prevention [prɪˑvenʃn] n. 预防，防止
initiative [ɪˑnɪʃətɪv] n. 倡议；主动性
recruit [rɪˑkruːt] v. 招收；招募
promote [prəˑməʊt] v. 促进，推动；促销；提升
safe [seɪf] a. 安全的；谨慎的；稳妥的 n. 保险箱
sex [seks] n. 性；性别
among [əˑmʌŋ] prep. 在……之中；与……在一起
peer [pɪə(r)] n. 同龄人，同等地位的人，相匹敌的人
7. The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.
词汇
idea [aɪ'dɪə] n. 想法，念头；观念；
seem [siːm] v. 好像，可能；看起来
promising [ˑprɒmɪsɪŋ] a. 有希望的，有前途的
perceptive [pəˑseptɪv] a. 有洞察力的；感觉的
observer [əbˑzɜːvə(r)] n. 观察者，目击者；评论员
8. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.
词汇
critique [krɪˑtiːk] n. 评论文章，评论；批判
lameness [ˑleɪmnəs] n. 跛；残废
public-health [ˑpʌblɪk ˑhelθ] n. 公共卫生；公共健康
campaign [kæmˑpeɪn] n. 活动，运动；战役
spot-on [ˌspɒt ˑɒn] a. 准确的；恰好的
fail to do 失败；未做成
mobilize [ˑməʊbəlaɪz] v. 动员，组织；调动，调用
peer pressure 同伴压力；来自同辈的压力
healthy [ˑhelθi] a. 健康的；大量的
habit [ˑhæbɪt] n. 习惯
demonstrate [ˑdemənstreɪt] v. 表露；证明；演示
seriously [ˑsɪəriəsli] ad. 严重地；严肃地；认真地
flawed [flɔːd] a. 有错误的，有缺点的
psychology [saɪˑkɒlədʒi] n. 心理学；心理
9.“Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers— teenagers , who desire nothing more than fitting in.
词汇
dare [deə(r)] v. 敢于，胆敢
dare to do sth. 敢于做某事
different [ˑdɪfrənt] a. 不同的；分别的
smoke [sməʊk] v. 抽 ( 烟 ) ；冒烟；弥漫
plead [pliːd] v. 解释；恳求；辩护
billboard [ˑbɪlbɔːd] n. 广告牌；布告板
campaign [kæmˑpeɪn] n. 运动；战役
be aimed at 目的是，旨在
reduce [rɪˑdjuːs] v. 减少，降低
among [əˑmʌŋ] prep. 在……之中；与……在一起
teenager [ˑtiːneɪdʒə(r)] n. 青少年，十几岁的孩子（ 13 到 19 岁之间）
desire [dɪˑzaɪə(r)] v. 渴望；请求
fit in 融入，适应，安排时间
10. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
词汇
argue [ˑɑːɡjuː] v. 争论；说服，劝说
convincingly [kənˑvɪnsɪŋli] ad. 令人信服地；有说服力地
advocate [ˑædvəkət] n. 拥护者，提倡者
ought [ɔːt] v. 应该
take a page from 效仿；借鉴
advertiser [ˑædvətaɪzə(r)] n. 广告商；登广告者
be skilled at 擅长；精通
apply [əˑplaɪ] v. 应用，使用；申请
11. But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive.
词汇
general [ˑdʒen(ə)rəl] a. 总体的，普遍的；一般的，常规的
effectiveness [ɪˑfektɪvnəs] n. 有效性，效果
persuasive [pəˑsweɪsɪv] a. 有说服力的，令人信服的
12. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.
词汇
be filled with 被……充满
irrelevant [ɪˑreləvənt] a. 不相关的，无关紧要的
exploration [ˌekspləˑreɪʃn] n. 研究，探究；勘察
biological [ˌbaɪəˑlɒdʒɪkl] a. 生物的， 生 物 学 的； 生命的
factor [ˑfæktə(r)] n. 因素，要素
powerful [ˑpaʊəfl] a. 强大的，有影响力的
13. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long.
词汇
glaring [ˑɡleərɪŋ] a. 明显的；炫目的；愤怒的
flaw [flɔː] n. 缺点；瑕疵
present [prɪˑzent] v. 展现；提出；颁发
work [wɜːk] v. 奏效；产生……作用
14. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut.
词汇
fail [feɪl] v. 失败；未能做到；失灵
funding [ˑfʌndɪŋ] n. 资金，提供资金
cut [kʌt] v. 削减，缩减；切，割
15. Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.
词汇
evidence [ˑevɪdəns] n. 证据；根据，证明
produce [prəˑdjuːs] v. 使产生，引起；生产
lasting [ˑlɑːstɪŋ] a. 持久的，耐久的
mixed [mɪkst] a. 混合的；好坏参半的
16. There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.
词汇
exert [ɪɡˑzɜːt] v. 运用，施加；努力
enormous [ɪˑnɔːməs] a. 巨大的，极大的
influence [ˑɪnfluəns] n. 影响，作用；影响力
17. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones—spread through networks of friends via social communication.
词汇
emerging [ɪˑmɜːdʒɪŋ] a. 新兴的，发展初期的
a body of 一片，大量
as well as 也；和……一样；不但……而且
negative [ˑneɡətɪv] a. 有害的；消极的
spread [spred] v. 传播，散布；展开
network [ˑnetwɜːk] n. 网络，网状系统；人际关系网
via [ˑvaɪə] prep. 通过，凭借；经由，经过
communication [kəˌmjuːnɪˑkeɪʃn] n. 交流，交际；通信
18. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.
词汇
subtle [ˑsʌtl] a. 不易察觉的，微妙的；敏锐的
form [fɔːm] n. 形式；表格；种类
unconsciously [ʌn'kɒnʃəsli] ad. 无意识地；不知不觉地
imitate [ˑɪmɪteɪt] v. 模仿，效仿
19. Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.
词汇
bureaucrat [ˑbjʊərəkræt] n. 官僚，官僚主义者
select [sɪˑlekt] v. 选择，挑选
steer [stɪə(r)] v. 引导；驾驶；带领
virtuous [ˑvɜːtʃuəs] a. 道德高尚的，品行端正的
direction [dəˑrekʃn] n. 方向；趋势
20. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with betterbehaved classmates.
词汇
break up 解散；打碎；分解
troublemaker [ˑtrʌblmeɪkə(r)] n. 捣乱者；麻烦制造者
back row 后排
pair [peə(r)] v. 使成对，配对
better-behaved [ˑbetə(r) bɪˑheɪvd] a. 表现更好的
21. The tactic never really works.
词汇
tactic [ˑtæktɪk] n. 策略，手法；战术
22. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.
词汇
engineer [ˌendʒɪˑnɪə(r)] v. 设计，建造；策划，精心安排
insist on doing 坚持做