



31. Consumers may create“earned”
when they are___________.【普通细节题】
32. According to Paragraph 2, sold
feature___________.【普通细节题】
33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned
___________.【作者态度题】
34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of___________.【例子题】
35. Which of the following is the text mainly about?【主旨题】
[A] Alternatives to conventional paid
.
[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned
.
[C] Dominance of hijacked
.
[D] Popularity of owned
.
第35题是主旨题,因此本篇需要读九项【第31—35题的五个题干+第35题的四个选项】。
主旨【主旨词:media(媒体)。方向:未知】。
其他信息:第31、32、33题的三个题干以及第35题的四个选项反复谈到各种媒体(media)。
Ⅰ① The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. ② No longer. ③ While traditional“paid” media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. ④Consumers passionate about a product may create“earned” media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage“owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. ⑤The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing’s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.
31. Consumers may create“earned” media when they are___________.消费者在___________时可能创造“赢得”媒体。
[A] obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites痴迷于在某些网站上购物
[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them受到向他们发送的产品促销电子邮件的启发
[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products 渴望帮助朋友推销优质产品
[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products 热衷于推荐自己最喜欢的产品
【普通细节题】
第一步,分析题干
题干问消费者在___________时可能创造“赢得”媒体,考查细节,是普通细节题,they指代consumers。
第二步,选项间求同求异
求同:结构上均为一个句子;语义上[B]中的product-promoting、[C]中的promote quality products、[D]中的recommending their favorite products均与产品推广有关,预判答案在[B][C][D]中。同时“推广产品”也是回答问题的角度。
求异:见选项下划线部分。
方法:精准定位【普通细节题(细节所在句,防并列)】+选项比错
进行S形定位,用题干信息“earned”media和consumer缩小范围到第1段第4句:Consumers passionate about a product may create“earned” media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage“owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site(酷爱某产品的消费者可能会通过乐意把该产品推荐给朋友的方式创造出“赢得”媒体;而企业可以通过向在其网站上注册过的用户发送关于公司产品及促销信息的电子邮件来利用“自有”媒体)。在逗号前的半句中,passionate about a product是形容词短语作后置定语修饰Consumers,意为“酷爱某产品的消费者”,“Consumers passionate about a product may create‘earned’ media”仅仅陈述题干问题,不能回答问题所问。对选项进行求同,应从“产品推广”的角度回答问题。逗号后的句子谈到“earned” media,话题已经转变,不能回答问题所问。by willingly promoting it to friends(通过乐意把该产品推荐给朋友的方式)这部分中提到promoting(推广),it指代a product,与我们需要回答问题的角度一致,“通过……的方式”相当于“当满足这种方式的时候”,就是能回答问题所问的部分。根据以上信息对选项进行比错。[A]内容与原文不沾边,排除。[B][C][D]均与原文沾边,且与产品推广有关,应进一步放大差异。[B]中的e-mails原文没有谈到,排除。[C]“渴望帮助朋友推销优质产品”(帮朋友卖货),原文提到乐意推荐该产品给朋友,选项与原文句意不符,排除。[D]“热衷于推荐自己最喜欢的产品”,原文中的形容词短语passionate about a product修饰Consumers,表示酷爱某产品的消费者,与their favorite products对应,选项与原文句意沾边。因此最佳答案是[D]。
Ⅱ①Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. ②For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. ③ But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media—for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. ④ We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. ⑤This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. ⑥Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. ⑦Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.
32. According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature___________.根据第2段,售卖媒体以___________为特点。
[A] a safe business environmen t安全的商业环境
[B] random competition 随机竞争
[C] strong user traffic 强大的用户流量
[D] flexibility in organization 组织上的灵活性
【普通细节题】
第一步,分析题干
题干问售卖媒体以___________为特点,考查细节,因此本题是普通细节题。
第二步,选项间求同求异
求同:结构上均是sth.。
求异:见选项下划线部分。
方法:精准定位【普通细节题(细节所在句,防并列)】+选项比错
根据题干信息sold media进行S形定位,缩小范围到第2段第4句:We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment(我们将这种售卖媒体定义为自有媒体,这种媒体的流量如此之大,以至于其他机构纷纷在那种网络环境中投放广告内容或电子商务引擎)。当不认识sold media和owned media时,可分别将其看作A和B,只要处理信息即可,并非一定要掌握全部的背景知识。define A as B(把A定义为B),即A(such sold media)= B(owned media),B(owned media)的特点也是A(such sold media)的特点。whose 引导的定语从句修饰B(owned media),在“so... that...”(如此……以至于……)结构中that 引导结果状语从句,表明“B(owned media)的流量如此之大,以至于……”。由于题干问的是售卖媒体的特点,没有考查造成的结果,因此结果状语从句部分不是出题句,真正回答题干所问的是“whose traffic is so strong”(这种媒体的流量如此之大),这部分内容是B(owned media)的特点,同时也是A(such sold media)的特点。根据以上信息对选项进行比错,[A][B][D]在原文中均未谈及,与原文沾边的只有[C],因此最佳答案是[C]。
Ⅲ①The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. ②Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. ③Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.
33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media________.作者在第3段中表明,赢得媒体________。
[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers 招致与狂热的消费者之间的持续冲突
[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing 可能会在营销中产生负面效应
[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition 可能是造成竞争更激烈的原因
[D] deserve all the negative comments about them 应得到所有关于它们的负面评论
【作者态度题】
第一步,分析题干
本题考查作者对赢得媒体的态度,是作者态度题。
第二步,选项间求同求异
求同:结构上均为一个句子;语义上[B]和[D]均提到negative(负面的),答案很可能在[B][D]中。
求异:见选项下划线部分。[D]中的them指代earned media,all是绝对化表达,除非原文出题句提到,否则含绝对化表达的选项一般都是错误的。
方法:精准定位【作者态度题(细节所在句,防并列)】+选项比错
题干问法比较宽泛,只要谈到earned media都能回答问题所问。进行S形定位,在第3段用earned media缩小范围到第2句:Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product(这种劫持媒体与赢得媒体恰好相反:某一资产或宣传活动变成了对某个品牌或产品做出负面评价的消费者、其他利益相关者或积极分子的劫持物)。由于没有串读上下文,句中冒号后的内容究竟是对hijacked media还是对earned media 进行补充说明,此处并不明确。可运用必要性思维,不追求面面俱到读透文章——原文一定是先谈及某个内容,再去谈论其方向。如果连这个内容都没有提及,那么关于此内容的方向更是无从谈起。比如:我们可能对某个事物的方向好坏做出错误判断,将本来好的理解为坏的(或将坏的理解为好的),但谈论的内容是这个事物不变,并不会出现新的事物。如果只有一个选项与这个事物沾边,无论方向好坏,都是最佳答案;若有两个或两个以上选项与之沾边,则须进一步根据句意判断。同理,冒号前提及“这种劫持媒体与赢得媒体恰好相反”,若二者在某件事或某个方面相反,无论方向好坏,其谈论的内容都应保持一致。可先判断冒号后的内容是否与选项沾边,沾边有可能对,不沾边一定错。若只有一个选项与内容沾边,无论方向如何,都是最佳答案。若两个或两个以上选项沾边,再用句意进行比错。冒号后提到:某一资产或宣传活动变成了对某个品牌或产品做出负面评价的消费者、其他利益相关者或积极分子的劫持物。who 引导的定语从句中出现negative,即对某个品牌或产品做出负面评价(若不认识allegations,可将其读作“什么”,以保持句意的完整性)。我们已看过选项,与negative(负面的)沾边的只有[B][D]。进一步比较[B][D]间的差异:[D]中的绝对词all在原文中没有体现,只需要这一点就可以排除[D] ;我们不能证明[B]正确,但当[D]被排除时,根据答案的唯一性,本题最佳答案是[B]。
Ⅳ①If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. ② In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. ③Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.
34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of___________.丰田汽车的经验作为一个___________的例子被引用。
[A] responding effectively to hijacked media有效应对劫持媒体
[B] persuading customers into boycotting products 劝说顾客抵制产品
[C] cooperating with supportive consumers与支持的消费者合作
[D] taking advantage o f hijacked media利用劫持媒体
【例子题】
第一步,分析题干
本题是例子题,作者引用例子是用来说明观点,而观点往往与主旨沾边。
第二步,选项间求同求异
求同:结构上均是doing sth.;语义上[A][D]均谈到hijacked media,[B][C]谈到customers、consumers,须进一步放大[A][D]、[B][C]间的差异。
求异:见选项下划线部分。由于[A][D]均谈到hijacked media,名词部分无差异,只能通过选项中的其他部分区分。同理,[B]中的customers、[C]中的consumers差异不大,也需要通过选项中的其他内容区分。
方法一:利用主旨+选项比错
根据“读九项”可知,文章谈论的部分主旨内容与各种“媒体”有关。本题是例子题,其背后的观点也与主旨沾边,那么选项中也应出现“媒体”,预判答案在[A][D]中。还可进一步放大选项间的差异——[A]谈论“有效应对”,[D]谈论“利用”,再根据精准定位来明确信息。
方法二:精准定位【例子题——段中例(例子前半句/前一句/段落首句)】+选项比错
进行S形定位,用题干中的Toyota Motor缩小范围到第4段第3句。由于是段中例,观点往往在例子前半句/前一句,或在本段第1句。例子前一句和段落第1句中均可能出现引用例子所要表达的观点,且与主旨沾边。但本文谈论的部分主旨内容与各种“媒体”有关,而段落第1句没有谈论“媒体”,即与主旨内容无关,因此不看这一句,仅看例子前一句(第2句)即可。
即使看不出这一点,也可以看第1句:If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk(如果发生上述情形,狂热的消费者将设法劝服其他人抵制这些企业的产品,从而危及目标企业的声誉)。对于狂热的消费者来说,“其他人”指的是不狂热的消费者以及非消费者。因此,原文说的是狂热的消费者将设法劝服其他人(不狂热的消费者、非消费者等)共同抵制这些企业的产品,[B]说的则是劝说顾客抵制产品,其中“顾客”的表述与原文中“其他人”的范畴不同,没有包含“非消费者”,排除[B]。
也可直接看第2句:In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep(在这种情况下,企业的反应也许不够快或不够深思熟虑,并且企业在快速学会如何应对时困难重重)。句中谈到的两件事物the company’s response和the learning curve均能回答问题所问,但是the learning curve与选项无关,因此只看前半句。根据内容做题法,只有[A]中的responding(反应)与企业反应沾边。effectively是对hijacked media而言的,也就是应对劫持媒体有效。由于定位句中没有出现hijacked media,应对劫持媒体究竟是否有效并不明确,但选项中能与企业反应沾边的只有[A],其他选项均未谈及,因此本题最佳答案是[A]。
35. Which of the following is the text mainly about?文中主要讲述了以下哪项内容?
[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media .传统付费媒体的替代品。
[B] Conflic t between hijacked and earned media .劫持媒体与赢得媒体之间的冲突。
[C] Dominance of hijacked media .劫持媒体的主导地位。
[D] Popularity of owned media .自有媒体的受欢迎程度。
【主旨题】
第一步,分析题干
题目问文中主要讲述了以下哪项内容,考查主旨内容,因此是主旨题。
第二步,选项间求同求异
求同:结构上均是sth.。
求异:见选项下划线部分。
方法:选项的固有缺陷+选项比错
通过“读九项”和做完的第31—34题,发现文中出现了多种media(媒体),可判断本文主要讲述各种媒体。第35题中[A]“Alternatives to conventional paid media.”(传统付费媒体的替代品。),并没有指出替代的究竟是哪种媒体,只要是传统付费媒体之外的媒体都是替代品,属于全集表达,出错概率小。[B]中的earned media、[C]中的hijacked media、[D]中的owned media均明确指出了某种具体的media,均包含具体内容,词语本身的出错概率为50%,谈到即对,没谈到即错。相比[B][C][D],[A]的出错概率更小,因此答案选[A]。