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31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’__________.【普通细节题】
32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?【推断题】
33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design___________.【某人态度题】
34. What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?【推断题】
35. What can we learn about the design of the“Case Study Houses”?【推断题】
本篇没有主旨题，所以只需要读五项【31—35 题的五个题干】。
主旨【主旨词：未知；方向：未知】。
其他信息：
1. Mies多次出现，说明文章展开与Mies相关。
2.根据31题的“The postwar American housing style（战后的美国住宅风格）”、33题的“architectural design（建筑设计）”、34题的“the apartments（公寓）”和35题的“the design of the ʻCase Study Housesʼ（‘案例研究住宅’的设计）”可知，文章谈论的话题与建筑相关。
Ⅰ①We tend to think of the decades immediately following World WarⅡ as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G.I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.
Ⅱ①But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. ②During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.
31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’__________.战后的美国住宅风格很大程度上反映了美国人的___________。
[A] prosperity and growth 繁荣和发展
[B] efficiency and practicality 高效和实用
[C] restrain t and confidence 克制和自信
[D] pride and faithfulness 自豪和忠诚
【普通细节题】
第一步，分析题干
largely作状语修饰谓语reflected，the Americans’限定回答问题的角度只能是“美国人的……”。
第二步，选项求同求异
求同：都是两个并列名词。
求异：见选项下划线部分。
四个选项中八个名词的意思各不相同。根据必要性思维，如果文中精准定位后的出题句只提到了选项中的一个名词，那么该词所在的选项就是最佳答案；如果出题句提到了多个选项中的名词，则需要进一步判断哪个选项最佳。
方法：精准定位【普通细节题（细节所在本句，防并列）】+选项比错
进行S形定位，题干中的细节“the postwar American housing style”出现在第2段第2句：During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.（在大萧条和战争时期，美国人学会了过节俭的生活，这种克制结合战后对未来的信心，使得小巧实用的住房非常流行。）一定注意题干问的是“战后的美国住宅风格很大程度上反映了美国人的……”，而不是“……的住宅风格”。本句提到的与美国人相关的内容是“live with less”、“restraint”和“the postwar confidence in the future”。根据此信息对选项进行比错，只有[C]与出题句中美国人的相关内容高度一致，选项[A][B][D]均与之不沾边，所以最佳答案只能是[C]。
Ⅲ① Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. ② The phrase“less is more”was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War Ⅱ and took up posts at American architecture schools. ③These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.
32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus? 关于包豪斯，我们能够从第3段中推断出以下哪一项？
[A] It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe . 它是由路德维希·密斯·凡德罗创立的。
[B] Its designing concept was affected by World War Ⅱ . 它的设计理念受到了“二战”的影响。
[C] Most American architects used to be associated with it. 美国大多数建筑师都曾与之有关。
[D] It had a great influence upon American architecture . 它对美国建筑产生了巨大的影响。
【推断题】
第一步，分析题干
本题属于推断题中的推细节类型，细节为“the Bauhaus”，题干限定出题范围是第3段。
第二步，选项求同求异
求同：结构上均为一个句子，语义上都包含it ( the Bauhaus)。
求异：见选项下划线部分。
方法一：选项的固有缺陷
选项[C]“Most American architects used to be associated with it.”表明“美国大多数建筑师都曾与之有关”，既然美国大多数建筑师都曾与the Bauhaus有关，那么与其有关的这些建筑师在部分程度上也会影响到美国建筑，不言而喻，the Bauhaus也会影响到美国建筑。选项[D]“It had a great influence upon American architecture.（它对美国建筑产生了巨大的影响。）”表明“the Bauhaus和美国建筑有关系，the Bauhaus影响美国建筑”。综上，选项[C][D]都能说明“the Bauhaus影响美国建筑”。[C][D]句意相似，[C]成立可以推出[D]成立，但[D]成立不能推出[C]成立，预判答案为[D]。
方法二：精准定位【推断题—推细节（细节所在本句，防并列）】+选项比错
进行S形定位，在题干限定的第3段找细节“the Bauhaus”，其出现在第2句：The phrase“less is more”was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War Ⅱ and took up posts at American architecture schools. [“少即是多”这一理念实际上最初是由德国建筑师路德维希·密斯·凡德罗（Ludwig Mies van der Rohe）推广起来的。和包豪斯设计学院相关的其他成员一样，他在“二战”前移民至美国，并在美国多个建筑学院任职。] 本段后面再无“the Bauhaus”，所以本句就是出题句。根据本句信息对选项进行比错：[A] 中Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 与出题句沾边，但原文说的是“Ludwig Mies van der Rohe和包豪斯设计学院相关的其他成员一样”，即Luwig Mies van der Rohe和the Bauhaus有关，并非选项“the Bauhaus 由其创立”，可排除[A]。[B]中World War Ⅱ与出题句沾边，但原文只表示“Ludwig Mies van der Rohe和包豪斯设计学院相关的其他成员一样，在“二战”前移民至美国，并在美国多个建筑学院任职”，未提及 the Bauhaus的设计理念受“二战”影响，可排除 [B]。[C]“Most American architects used to be associated with it.（美国大多数建筑师都曾与之有关。）”，原文虽有提到“Ludwig Mies van der Rohe和包豪斯设计学院相关的其他成员一样”，但即使其他成员包含了建筑师，选项most American architects中限定词most并没有在原文中体现，错只需要一个点，所以排除[C]。此时四个选项中[A][B][C]均已排除，根据答案的唯一性，最佳答案只能为[D]。
当然第3句与本句方向一致，根据 these designers（这些设计师）的复数形式和意思判断，可知其指代出题句的“Ludwig Mies van der Rohe在内的和包豪斯设计学院相关的其他成员”，可继续看第3句该部分内容：“These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture...（这些设计师对美国建筑的发展进程产生了巨大的影响……）”，既然和包豪斯设计学院相关的设计师对美国建筑的发展进程产生了巨大的影响，那么相应地，包豪斯设计学院也对美国建筑的发展进程产生了巨大的影响。选项[D]“它对美国建筑产生了巨大的影响”与本句表述内容一致，所以最佳答案只能选[D]。
Ⅳ ① Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. ②Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. ③Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood—materials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future. ④ Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.
33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design___________. 密斯认为建筑设计的优雅___________。
[A] was related to large space 与大空间有关
[B] was identified with emptines s 等同于空旷
[C] was not reliant on abundant decoration 不依赖丰富的装饰
[D] was not associated with efficiency 与利用率无关
【某人态度题】
第一步，分析题干
本题考查Mies对细节“elegance of architectural design”的态度。
第二步，选项求同求异
求同：题干结合选项均为一个句子。
求异：见选项下划线部分。
方法一：前后题的固有缺陷+选项比错
由于做32题时，出题句提到The phrase“less is more”was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe [“少即是多”这一理念实际上最初是由德国建筑师路德维希·密斯·凡德罗（Ludwig Mies van der Rohe...）推广起来的……]。而本题考查Mies 对elegance of architectural design的看法，题目出自同一篇文章，围绕共同的主旨展开，所以文章前后主旨上要保持一致，所以Mies 对elegance of architectural design的看法也应与“少即是多”一致。据此比较四个选项，只有[C] was not reliant on abundant decoration（不依赖丰富的装饰）与“少即是多”表述相关，所以最佳答案选[C]。
方法二：精准定位【某人态度题（人+说法+细节，防并列）】+选项比错
由于32题在第3段已出题，所以本题优先在第4段进行S形定位。Mies首次出现在第1句，第2句出现题干细节“elegance”以及“人+说法（he believed）”，后面再无题干细节“elegance”，所以第2句“Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance.（他相信，优雅并非来自大量装饰。）”就是出题句。根据本句信息对选项进行比错，与句意沾边的只有[C]，[A][B][D]均与之不沾边，所以最佳答案为[C]。
Ⅴ ① The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller—two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet—than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. ②But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.
34. What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?关于密斯在芝加哥湖滨大道上建造的公寓，以下哪一项是正确的？
[A] They ignored details and proportions .它们忽视了细节和比例。
[B] They were built with materials popular at that time.它们是用当时流行的材料建成的。
[C] They were more spacious than neighboring buildings .它们比相邻建筑物的空间更大。
[D] They shared some characteristics of abstract ar t.它们具备抽象艺术的某些特点。
【推断题】
第一步，分析题干
本题属于推断题中的推细节类型，细节为“the apartments Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive”。
第二步，选项求同求异
求同：结构上，均为一个句子；语义上，都包含They（指 the apartments）。
求异：见选项下划线部分。
方法：精准定位【推断题—推细节（细节所在本句，防并列）】+选项比错
33题在第4段第2句出题，所以本题优先在第4段第3句开始进行S形定位。细节“the apartments Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive”出现在第5段第1句：“The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive...”，下一句出现they，指代the apartments，所以第5段的两句都是出题句。第1句：The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller—twobedroom units under 1,000 square feet—than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast.（例如，密斯在芝加哥湖滨大道上建造的那些高雅塔楼里的公寓，是面积不到1 000平方英尺的两居室单元，比该城市黄金海岸沿线那些更早建成的相邻建筑里的公寓更小。）因为定位之前已详细分析过选项，根据本句可优先排除[C] They were more spacious than neighboring buildings（它们比相邻建筑物的空间更大），因为原文表述是“比相邻建筑里的公寓更小”。再看第2句：But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.（但这些公寓之所以广受欢迎，是因为其通透的玻璃墙、开阔的视野、雅致的建筑细节和巧妙的比例，这些都是当时极为流行的抽象艺术在建筑领域的完美映射。）根据本句信息对剩余三个选项[A]
[B] [D]进行比错：[A]中“details and proportions（细节和比例）”与原文“the buildings’details and proportions（建筑的细节和比例）”一致，原文内容为“因……雅致的建筑细节和巧妙的比例深受欢迎”，并未提及“忽视了细节和比例”，可排除；[B]中“materials（材料）”与原文“airy glass walls（通透的玻璃墙）”沾边，但原文“popular at that time”在文中形容的是“抽象艺术以及这些公寓”，而非选项的“材料”，所以排除；[D]中“abstract art（抽象艺术）”与原文“the abstract art”一致，选项“具备抽象艺术的某些特点”与原文“通透的玻璃墙、开阔的视野、雅致的建筑细节和巧妙的比例，这些都是当时极为流行的抽象艺术在建筑领域的完美映射”句意也沾边。所以最佳答案为[D]。
当然，选项[A][B][C]与原文出题句句意不一致，均已排除，根据答案的唯一性，即使看不懂原文出题句对于抽象艺术的相关表述，最佳答案也只能选[D]。
Ⅵ ① The trend toward“less”was not entirely foreign. ② In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses—usually around 1,200 square feet—than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.
Ⅶ ① The“Case Study Houses”commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the“less is more”trend. ②Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. ③In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life—few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers—but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.
35. What can we learn about the design of the“Case Study Houses”? 关于“案例研究住宅”的设计，我们可以知道什么？
[A] Mechanical devices were widely used. 广泛使用了机械设备。
[B] Natural scenes were taken into consideration. 考虑了自然风光。
[C] Details were sacrificed for the overall effec t. 为整体效果牺牲了细节。
[D] Eco-friendly materials were employed.采用了环保材料。
【推断题】
第一步，分析题干
本题属于推断题中的推细节类型，细节为the design of the“Case Study Houses”。
第二步，选项求同求异
求同：均为一个句子。
求异：见选项下划线部分。
方法：反向定位+选项比错
本题是推断题中的推细节类型。常规而言，对这种题，找到细节所在句，“防并列”即可。由于34题在第5段已出题，所以本题优先在第6段进行S形定位，the“Case Study Houses”首次出现在第7段第1句，发现第3句再次出现his Case Study House，所以整个第7段谈论内容都与the“Case Study Houses”有关，若全部都看完，理解相对困难，所以可采用反向定位降低做题难度。
根据选项最明显的区别到文章第7段反向定位，判断选项信息正误。[A]中的“Mechanical devices（机械设备）”，该段只有第3句提到“mechanical”，原文Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life句意表明“Ralph Rapson可能错误预估了机械革命究竟将如何影响日常生活”，并未提到“广泛使用了机械设备”，所以排除。[B]中的“Natural scenes（自然风光）”对应第2句的“the landscape（自然景观）”，[C]中的“details（细节）”对应第2句的“detailing”；该句：“Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing.”[“美学效果源自自然景观、新材料（的应用）以及直白的细部处理”。]选项[B]“Natural scenes were taken into consideration.（考虑了自然风光。）”与原文“美学效果源自自然景观”沾边，先保留；选项[C]“Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.（为整体效果牺牲了细节。）”与原文“美学效果源自直白的细部处理”表述不一致，原文未提到“整体效果”，更没有说“为整体效果牺牲了细节”，所以排除[C]。选项[D]谈论“Eco-friendly materials（环保材料）”，原文谈论“材料”的只有第2句new materials（新材料），但选项“环保材料”与原文“新材料”不一致，故可排除。
综上，选项[A][C][D]均与原文对应句句意不一致，选项[B]与原文对应句句意沾边。根据答案的唯一性，本题最佳答案选[B]。