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1. We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War Ⅱ as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.
词汇
tend [tend] v. 往往会；倾向；照料
think of A as B 把 A 看作 B ；认为 A 是 B
decade [ˑdekeɪd] n. 十年，十年期
immediately [ɪˑmiːdiətli] ad. 紧接地；立即；直接地
following [ˑfɒləʊɪŋ] prep. 在……之后
war [wɔː(r)] n. 战争；斗争
time [taɪm] n. 时期；时间；次
prosperity [prɒˑsperəti] n. 繁荣，成功
growth [ɡrəʊθ] n. 发展；生长；增长
soldier [ˑsəʊldʒə(r)] n. 士兵，军人
return [rɪˑtɜːn] v. 返回；退还；恢复
million [ˑmɪljən] num. 百万 n. 百万个（人或物）
go off 离开；停止运行
college [ˑkɒlɪdʒ] n. 大学；学院
bill [bɪl] n. 议案，法案；账单
line up 排队；排成一行
marriage [ˑmærɪdʒ] n. 婚姻；婚礼
bureau [ˑbjʊərəʊ] n. 办事处；局，处，科
2. But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more.
词汇
when it comes to sth./to doing sth. 当涉及某事（或做某事）时
common [ˑkɒmən] a. 常见的；共同的；普通的
sense [sens] n. 判断力；感觉；意义
belief [bɪˑliːf] n. 信念；信心；信仰
truly [ˑtruːli] ad. 真正地；真诚地
3. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.
词汇
the Depression 大萧条时期
learn to do sth. 学会做某事
live [lɪv] v. 居住；生活；以……为生
restraint [rɪˑstreɪnt] n. 克制；制约因素；限制
combination [ˌkɒmbɪˑneɪʃ(ə)n] n. 结合；结合体
in combination with 与……一起；和……结合使用
postwar [ˌpəʊstˑwɔː(r)] a. 战后的
confidence [ˑkɒnfɪdəns] n. 自信；信任
make [meɪk] v. 使得；制作；制定
effcient [ɪˑfɪʃ(ə)nt] a. 效率高的；有能力的；防止造成……的浪费的
housing [ˑhaʊzɪŋ] n. 住房；住宅
positively [ˑpɒzətɪvli] ad. 绝对地；乐观地
stylish [ˑstaɪlɪʃ] a. 时髦的；雅致的
4. Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living.
词汇
economic [ˌiːkəˑnɒmɪk] a. 经济的；有利可图的
condition [kənˑdɪʃn] n. 状况；条件；环境
stimulus [ˑstɪmjələs] n. 促进因素；刺激物
trend [trend] n. 趋势；倾向
living [ˑlɪvɪŋ] n. 生活方式；生计
5. The phrase“less is more”was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War Ⅱ and took up posts at American architecture schools.
词汇
phrase [freɪz] n. 习语；短语
actually [ˑæktʃuəli] ad. 事实上，实际上
popularize [ˑpɒpjələraɪz] v. 推广；使普及
architect [ˑɑːkɪtekt] n. 建筑师；设计师
other [ˑʌðə(r)] a. 其他的；另一个的
(be) associated with 与……有关
school [skuːl] n. 学院；学校；流派
design [dɪˑzaɪn] n. 设计；意图 v. 设计；制订
emigrate [ˑemɪɡreɪt] v. 移居国外；移民
take up sth. 开始从事；占据；学着做
post [pəʊst] n. 职位；邮政；邮件
architecture [ˑɑːkɪtektʃə(r)] n. 建筑学；建筑风格
6. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.
词汇
designer [dɪˑzaɪnə(r)] n. 设计师；谋划者
exert influence on 对……施加影响
enormous [ɪˑnɔːməs] a. 巨大的，极大的
course [kɔːs] n. 进程；课程；过程
7. Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot.
词汇
signature [ˑsɪɡnətʃə(r)] n. 明显特征；签名
phrase [freɪz] n. 习语；短语
mean [miːn] v. 意思是；意味着；打算
decoration [ˌdekəˑreɪʃn] n. 装饰；装饰品
properly [ˑprɒpəli] ad. 适当地；实际上
organize [ˑɔːɡənaɪz] v. 安排；组织；规划
impact [ˑɪmpækt] n. 冲击力；巨大影响 v. 产生影响；冲击
8. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance.
词汇
elegance [ˑelɪɡəns] n. 优雅，雅致
derive from 来自；起源于
abundance [əˑbʌndəns] n. 大量，丰富；繁荣
9. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood—materials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future.
词汇
modern [ˑmɒd(ə)n] a. 现代的；新式的；时新的
architect [ˑɑːkɪtekt] n. 建筑师；设计师
employ [ɪmˑplɔɪ] v. 使用；雇用
metal [ˑmet(ə)l] n. 金属
laminated [ˑlæmɪneɪtɪd] a. 由薄层粘制成的，层压的
wood [wʊd] n. 木材；树林
material [məˑtɪəriəl] n. 材料；素材
take sth. for granted 认为……理所当然
symbolize [ˑsɪmbəlaɪz] v. 象征；代表
10. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.
词汇
sophisticated [səˑfɪstɪkeɪtɪd] a. 复杂巧妙的；见多识广的
presentation [ˌpreznˑteɪʃn] n. 呈现方式；提交；演出
mask [mɑːsk] v. 掩饰，掩藏
fact [fækt] n. 事实；实际情况
space [speɪs] n. 空间；太空；篇幅
design [dɪˑzaɪn] v. 设计；制订 n. 设计；意图
effcient [ɪˑfɪʃ(ə)nt] a. 效率高的；有能力的；防止造成……的浪费的
empty [ˑempti] a. 空的；空洞的；空虚的
11. The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller—two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet—than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast.
词汇
apartment [əˑpɑːtmənt] n. 公寓；房间
elegant [ˑelɪɡənt] a. 雅致的；简洁的
tower [ˑtaʊə(r)] n. 塔，塔楼；发射塔
build [bɪld] v. 建造；创建（过去式 / 过去分词： built ）
lake [leɪk] n. 湖；湖泊
shore [ʃɔː(r)] n. 岸，滨
drive [draɪv] n. 路，大道
two-bedroom [tuːˑbedruːm] n. 双卧室
unit [ˑjuːnɪt] n. 套；一件；单位
square feet 平方英尺
neighbor [ˑneɪbə(r)] n. 邻近的人（或物）；邻居
coast [kəʊst] n. 海岸；海滨
12. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.
词汇
popular [ˑpɒpjələ(r)] a. 受欢迎的；大众化的；流行的
airy [ˑeəri] a. 通风的；无所谓的；不切实际的
view [vjuː] n. 视野；看法；风景
afford [əˑfɔːd] v. 提供；承担得起；买得起
elegance [ˑelɪɡəns] n. 优雅，雅致
building [ˑbɪldɪŋ] n. 建筑物；建筑业
detail [ˑdiːteɪl] n. 装饰细部；详情；细节
proportion [prəˑpɔːʃn] n. 比例；份额
architectural [ˌɑːkɪˑtektʃərəl] a. 建筑学的；建筑方面的
equivalent [ɪˑkwɪvələnt] n. 对等的人（或事物）
abstract [ˑæbstrækt] a. 抽象派的；抽象的；不切实际的
13. The trend toward“less”was not entirely foreign.
词汇
trend [trend] n. 趋势；倾向
entirely [ɪnˑtaɪəli] ad. 完全地；仅仅
foreign [ˑfɒrən] a. 来自外国的；外来的
14. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses—usually around 1,200 square feet—than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.
词汇
modest [ˑmɒdɪst] a. 朴实无华的；适中的；谦虚的
effcient [ɪˑfɪʃ(ə)nt] a. 效率高的；有能力的；防止造成……的浪费的
around [əˑraʊnd] ad. 大约；围绕；到处
square feet 平方英尺
spread [spred] v. 延伸；展开；传播
two-story [tuːˑstɔːri] a. 两层（楼）的
design [dɪˑzaɪn] v. 设计；制订 n. 设计；意图
century [ˑsentʃəri] n. 世纪；一百年
15. The“Case Study Houses”commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the“less is more”trend.
词汇
case [keɪs] n. 案例；事例；事实
study [ˑstʌdi] n. 研究，调查；学习
commission [kəˑmɪʃn] v. 委托制作；委任
talented [ˑtæləntɪd] a. 有天赋的，有才华的
modern [ˑmɒd(ə)n] a. 现代的；新式的；时新的
architect [ˑɑːkɪtekt] n. 建筑师；设计师
architecture [ˑɑːkɪtektʃə(r)] n. 建筑学；建筑风格
magazine [ˌmæɡəˑziːn] n. 杂志；专题节目
yet another 又一；另一
homegrown [ˌhəʊmˑɡrəʊn] a. 国产的；自家种植的
influence [ˑɪnfluəns] n. 影响；有影响的人（或事物）
16. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing.
词汇
aesthetic [iːsˑθetɪk] a. 美学的；艺术的
effect [ɪˑfekt] n. 效果；影响
come from 来自；是……的结果
landscape [ˑlændskeɪp] n. 风景，景色
material [məˑtɪəriəl] n. 材料；素材
forthright [ˑfɔːθraɪt] a. 直率的；直截了当的
detailing [ˑdiːteɪlɪŋ] n. 装饰细部
17. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life—few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers—but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.
词汇
mispredict [ˌmɪsprɪˑdɪkt] v. 错误预测
mechanical [məˑkænɪkl] a. 机械的；呆板的
revolution [ˌrevəˑluːʃn] n. 革命；彻底变革
impact [ˑɪmpækt] v. 产生影响；冲击 n. 冲击力；巨大影响
acquire [əˑkwaɪə(r)] v. 购得；获得；习得
helicopter [ˑhelɪkɒptə(r)] n. 直升机
though [ðəʊ] conj. 尽管；然而
eventually [ɪˑventʃuəli] ad. 最后，终于
dryer [ˑdraɪə(r)] n. 烘干机；干燥剂
belief [bɪˑliːf] n. 信念；信心；信仰
self-sufciency [ˌself səˑfɪʃnsi] n. 自给自足
desirable [dɪˑzaɪərəbl] a. 可取的；理想的
inevitable [ɪnˑevɪtəbl] a. 必然发生的，不可避免的
widely [ˑwaɪdli] ad. 广泛地；很大程度上
share [ʃeə(r)] v. 共同拥有；分享