购买
下载掌阅APP,畅读海量书库
立即打开
畅读海量书库
扫码下载掌阅APP

第二节
技巧指南

为了帮助考生进一步明确所要考查的目标,对听力内容充分分析、概括、总结,并做出正确的推理、判断,最后得出答案,下面分别讲解四种类型考题的特点及解题技巧。

◆短对话

1 试题特点

(1)注重考查逻辑思维

在全国大学生英语竞赛听力对话部分中,能够从对话原文中直接找到答案的题目所占比重较小,而那些要求参赛学生对对话内容进行深刻的逻辑思维,从而判断出对话人的意图、态度或意见要求的题所占比重较大。

(2)对话内容涉及面广

无论是长对话还是短对话,话题基本以衣、食、住、行等日常生活为主。

(3)对话的方式多为一问一答

在短对话听力测试中,对话的方式多为问答式,首先由第一个人提出一个问题,再由第二个人予以回答。或者由第一个人陈述一个观点,第二个人表示附和或反对。问答的回合数一般不会超过三个。

2 解题攻略

短对话作为听力理解部分中较为简单的一类题型,有其特定的解题技巧。

(1)提前快速浏览题目及选项,把握听音重点

考生应充分利用试卷发下到Directions播完的这段时间,迅速浏览试卷上这部分所给的选项,这样在听的时候就能有的放矢地捕捉关键信息,弄清对话环境和意图,最后排除各干扰项,做出正确选择。

例1: [2014年A类决赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1407573535.mp3

How has the company been affected by the change?

A. Lots of its factories have stopped running.

B. Many workers have been forced to retire early.

C. It is going to close down soon.

D. Very few workers will be forced to resign.

【听音重点】 题干问公司由于变化受到了什么影响,根据选项中出现的关键词factories,workers,close down,可以猜出公司由于变化出现了危机,要么是在工厂运行方面的,要么是在员工方面的,并且注意B、D选项均是根据workers设置的选项,注意二者的区分。听录音时应重点注意关于factories,company和workers的描述。

【录音原文】

W: How has the takeover affected the company?

M: A plant in Manila and another in Dubai will be closed down. About 300 people are going to lose their jobs. But most of them will be offered jobs in other plants and quite a few want to take early retirement.

W: So there are no compulsory redundancies?

M: Very few.

例2: [2012年A类初赛]

Why is the woman in a good mood?

A. The copier worked and she got the copies.

B. She kicked the copier and now feels better.

C. She had the copier fixed in time.

【听音重点】 由题干中的woman以及选项中的copier,可知女士心情好是和copier有关,因此在听音时要注意女士是如何表述和copier相关的内容的。

【录音原文】

W: This stupid thing keeps getting jammed. I can’t get it to make any copies.

M: So it makes sense you’re in such a good humor.

W: I gave it a good kick and feel better.

(2)注意捕捉说话人的弦外之音

对话部分有很多问题都不是针对讲话人的字面意思发问的,考生必须体会到讲话人的言外之意,才能推断出正确选项。

例: [2018年A类决赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1422523087.mp3

A. Going to night classes.

B. Getting a degree.

C. Having a rest.

D. Working longer hours.

【录音原文】

M: Hi, Jane. Long time no see!

W: Hi, John. How are you doing?

M: Not so well. I’ve been working overtime a lot. Besides, I go to night classes, and I’m on my way to school now.

W: That’s terrible! Why don’t you take it easy for a while?

Question: What does John need most of all?

【解析】 对话中男士提到他一直在加班加点,又在上晚课。说明男士很累,随后女士说道,你怎么不休息下。表明男士最需要的是休息。

(3)熟练掌握有关日常生活等方面的词语、习语、句型等

熟悉日常生活中常用的词汇、短语、习语、句型,能使考生听到相关对话时迅速做出反应,提高答题效率和正确率。

例: [2012年A类决赛]

How often does the man play cricket?

A. Seldom .

B. Frequently.

C. Never.

【录音原文】

M: I got a backache from playing cricket.

W: I didn’t know you played cricket.

M: Well, once in a blue moon.

【解析】 在回答这个问题时,男士说到once in a blue moon(极为罕见,千载难逢),可知他很少玩板球。如果知道这个习语,就不难选出正确答案。

3 题型分析

听力短对话试题类型多样,这里主要介绍常涉及的七种题型及针对各题型的答题技巧。

(1)地点与方向(Location and Direction)

地点与方向类试题在对话中经常出现。这类题目根据对话内容,就有关地点提问,要求考生从给出的选项中选出正确答案。这些地点包括对话进行的地点、对话涉及的事件的地点、涉及的人物的地点或人物来自哪里及要去的地点。

考题类型:

①直接型。地点在对话中会直接出现,但提到的地点通常不止一个,考生需要对其进行辨认、选择。A类比赛中直接型出题比较少。

例: [2018年A类决赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1423015951.mp3

A. In Building A.

B. In the city centre.

C. In the language centre.

D. In the main building.

【录音原文】

W: Hello. May I help you?

M: Hello. Is this the right place for me to register to learn foreign languages?

W: Yes, it is. Which language would you like to learn? We offer French, Italian, Japanese, Spanish and Portuguese.

M: Ah, I’d like to learn Spanish, please.

W: OK. Our classes are conducted in lots of different places. We have classrooms in the city and here in this building, Building A.

M: I work here, so it’d best to study here.

Question: Where is the man’s classroom?

【解析】 对话中男士在表示想学西班牙语后,女士说道We have classrooms in the city and here in this building, Building A,表明教室在该城市的A建筑。

②间接型。没有直接提到地点或方向,要求考生根据对话的主题和内容进行推理判断。A类赛题多为间接型。

例1: [2017年A类决赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1423127216.mp3

Where did the conversation probably take place?

A. In a fitness equipment store.

B. In a clinic.

C. In a pharmacy store.

D. In a cosmetic shop.

【录音原文】

M: Now, Mrs. Jones, if you could just step onto the scales...Hmm. It seems you’ve put on quite a bit since last month. Have you been following the diet sheet I gave you?

W: Yes...Well, most of the time I have. But I do get really hungry late in the evening sometimes, and I just have to have an extra snack before bedtime.

M: Late snacks, huh? What kind of snacks?

W: Cookies usually. And just a small packet...usually.

M: Right. And what about exercise? Have you been exercising properly?

W: Well, I wanted to, but the weather’s been so bad these past few weeks ...

【解析】 录音中男士劝女士上秤测量并说“It seems you’ve put on quite a bit since last month.”,然后问起女士的饮食和运动情况。由此可推测这个对话可能发生在诊所。故选B。

例2: [2017年A类初赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1423201837.mp3

Where did the conversation occur?

A. In a book store.

B. In a pharmacy.

C. In a workshop.

D. In a clothing store.

【录音原文】

W: Hi! Welcome to Angie’s. Can I help you find something or are you just looking?

M: I’m not sure. Aren’t you having a sale right now?

W: Everything on these two racks over here is on sale.

M: Thanks. This sweater is nice. But it looks a little big. Do you have this in a smaller size?

【解析】 对话中女士提到有整整两个货架上的商品都在打折促销。男士最后说This sweater is nice,说明对话发生在卖衣服的店里。

答题技巧:

对于直接型考题,考生应先看题目,确定题目所问的对象是男士还是女士,然后再针对对话中的地点进行辨认、选择。

对于间接型考题,考生则应特别注意对话的主题,如在学校时,话题常围绕学习。这类考题所涉及的场所通常有:学校、邮局、图书馆、商店、医院、餐馆、机场、车站、银行等。考生要注意与这些特定场所有关的词语。

常考场景相关词汇总结如下:

学校用语:

bachelor’s degree学士学位

master’s degree硕士学位

doctor’s degree 博士学位

graduate ceremony毕业典礼

academic year学年

make-up examination补考

compulsory/required/obligatory course必修课

optional/elective course选修课

mid-term examination期中考试

final examination期末考试

register/enroll 注册

campus校园

credit学分

quiz小测验

freshman大一学生

sophomore大二学生

junior大三学生

senior大四学生

postgraduate研究生

seminar研讨会

scholarship奖学金

tuition学费

diploma毕业证书

society学生社团

student union学生会

dormitory宿舍

clinic校医院

major专业

thesis论文

机场、车站用语:

first class头等舱

economy class经济舱

express train快车

direct flight直达航班

international flight国际航班

domestic flight 国内航班

behind the schedule晚点/误点

check-in procedure登机手续

left-luggage office行李寄存处

stewardess/air hostess空姐

steward空少

waiting lounge 候机大厅

waiting room候车室

conductor列车长

car attendant列车员

passport护照

visa签证

airliner班机

flight航班

board登机

gate登机口

land着陆

departure起飞

take off起飞

seat belt安全带

银行用语:

current account现金账户

exchange rate汇率

foreign currency外汇

traveler’s check旅游支票

open an account开户

savings account储蓄账户

interest rate利率

installment分期付款

credit card信用卡

passbook存折

withdraw取钱

overdraw透支

cash现金

check支票

deposit存款

loan贷款

teller 出纳

图书馆用语:

loan desk借书处

library card借书卡

reference room参考资料室

reference book参考书

issue(期刊、报纸)期

due(书、作业等)到期应交还的

catalogue目录

current issue现刊

back issue过刊

periodical期刊

fiction/novel小说  index索引

renew续借

overdue超期

pay a fine交罚金

bookshelf书架

餐馆用语:

go Dutch AA制

Chinese food中餐

Western style food西餐

soft drink不含酒精的饮料

be full/stuffed吃饱

pay a bill付账

treat sb. to sth.请某人吃某物

rare三分熟的

medium五成熟的

well-done全熟的

appetizer开胃菜

refreshment茶点

cold dish冷盘

dessert甜点

soup汤

tender嫩的

menu菜单

tip小费

buffet自助餐

snack快餐

order点菜

邮局用语:

airmail航空快件

ordinary/regular mail平信

registered mail挂号信

stamps counter/window卖邮票处

ordinary telegram普通电报

urgent telegram加急电报

express mail快递

special delivery限时专递

overweight charge超重费

return address 回函地址

sender’s address寄件人地址

package包裹

parcel form包裹单

postage邮资

zip code 邮政编码

remittance汇款

商店用语:

daily necessity日用品

check-out/cash desk付款台

men’s/women’s department男/女装部

Cash or charge? 付现金还是记账?

bargain讨价还价

one price不还价

fixed prices定价

promotion促销

20% discount off 打八折

packing/wrapping包装

on sale甩卖

sold out卖完

in stock有货

out of stock无货

cashier收银员

fashion时尚

医院用语:

blood pressure血压

emergency room急诊

operation room手术室

give an injection注射

visiting hours探视时间

surgeon外科医生

physician内科医生

traditional Chinese medicine中医

take one’s temperature量体温

dentist牙医

cough咳嗽

flu流感

fever发烧

headache头痛

sneeze打喷嚏

a sore throat 嗓子疼

indigestion消化不良

prescription处方

check-up 体检

ward病房

treat治疗

cure/heal治愈

dose剂量

tablet药片

capsule胶囊

first-aid kit 急救箱

宾馆用语:

room service客房服务

single/double room单/双人间

check in/out 登记入住/付账后离开

reservation预订

reception desk登记处

service counter服务台

duration of stay停留时间

suite套间

inn客栈

full up客满

vacancy空房

理发店用语:

hairdresser美发师

blow the hair吹头发

haircut理发

hairstyle发型

beard胡须

mustache髭

curly卷发的

bob剪短

shave刮胡子

cut剪发

海关用语:

allowance限额

go through the customs通关

declare申报

duty free免税的

visa签证

办公室用语:

vacancy空缺

appointment预约

candidate求职者

job applicant求职者

fire/dismiss解雇

employer老板

employee雇员

resume简历

scanner扫描仪

printer打印机

fax传真

file文件

copier复印机

schedule时间表

法庭用语:

jury陪审团

accuse控诉

My Lord/Your Honor 法官大人

guilty有罪的

innocent清白的

crime犯罪

witness证人

(2)时间与数字(Time and Numerals)

时间与数字类的题目包括直接型和隐含型。

考题类型:

①直接型。该类考题不需要计算,答案直接出现在对话的多个数字中,要求考生根据题目从所给选项中直接辨认出答案。主要考查考生对数字的辨认及记忆能力。

例: [2017年A类初赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1423559418.mp3

When will the party be held?

A. 8:00 pm on Saturday.

B. 18:00 on Saturday.

C. 8:00 pm on Sunday.

D. 18:00 on Sunday.

【录音原文】

M: Hey, Lisa, will you be busy this weekend?

W: Hi! What’s up?

M: This weekend I’m having a birthday party for Ted. I’d like you to come.

W: I’d love to. When is it?

M: We’re having it this Saturday evening at 8:00 at my house. We’re going to order a pizza and play some games. Then whoever wants to stay longer can hang out and watch a video.

【解析】 对话最后男士说道,We’re having it this Saturday evening at 8:00 at my house。表明派对在周六晚八点举行。

②隐含型。选项中的时间或数字不会直接出现在对话里,有时需进行简单的计算。

例: [2018年A类初赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1424033411.mp3

A. Early in the morning.

B. At around 6:30 pm.

C. After 7:00 pm.

D. Late at night.

【录音原文】

M: Hi, Kathy. We’re going to have a party this evening. Will you come?

W: Yes, I’d love to. What time?

M: 6:30.

W: I’m afraid I’ll be a little late. My piano lesson finishes at 7:00.

M: That’s OK.

Question: When will Kathy go to the party?

【解析】 在对话中,Kathy表示自己的钢琴课在7点结束,会晚点到,故可推测Kathy到排队的时间会晚于7点。

答题技巧:

对于直接型考题,考生需要根据题目和对话内容在给出的选项数字中进行选择,因此考生可以在听力开始前利用短暂的间隙浏览题目,查看题目所提问的对象,之后在听对话内容时将该对象所对应的数字记录下来。

对于隐含型考题,该类考题的答案有时需要进行简单的计算,如将数字进行加减等。这要求考生在听对话时需将对话中出现的所有数字和其对应的对象记下来,以便根据题目中要求回答的对象进行计算。

①对于时间题,要注意以下几点:

a. 时间、日期和年代的读法

“-teen”和“-ty”是众多考生容易混淆的,应该注意区分。主要区别为:第一,重音不同。前者重音在词末,而后者重音在词首。第二,是否有鼻音。结尾发音有鼻音/n/的单词为“-teen”。如:fourteen和forty, thirteen和thirty等。

b. 时间

5:12 five twelve/twelve past five

7:15 seven fifteen/a quarter past seven (after seven)

8:45 eight forty-five/ a quarter to nine

11:50 eleven fifty/ ten to twelve

2:00 pm/14:00 two pm/ fourteen hundred hours

12:00 twelve/ noon/ midday

24:00 midnight

c. 日期与年代

3月15日 March 15th/ the 15th of March

每隔一天(每两天)every other day/ every two days

几天前 the other day /a few days ago

两星期 fortnight/ period of two weeks

20世纪 the twentieth century

19世纪40年代 in the eighteen forties

公元前450年(450BC)four hundred and fifty BC/four fifty BC

②对于数字题,要注意以下表达方式(相同意义的不同表达):

a. 多位数的表达

10 ten/ a decade

12 twelve/ a dozen

1960 nineteen sixty

1900 nineteen hundred

b. 分数与小数

分数:分子用基数表示,分母用序数表示

1/2 (0.5) one half (zero point five)

1/4 (0.25) one fourth/ a quarter (zero point twenty five)

c. 号码、货币

电话号码按位数逐个读出来87316789

房间号码、邮政编码、街道等:180 one-eighty/ one-eight-zero

注意数量单位与单位基数的不同。如:a penny =one cent, a nickel =five cents, a quarter =twenty-five cents, a half dollar =fifty cents.

③注意数字换算

掌握听力课堂中所列的与数字相关的表达方式。由于每个对话间隔的时间短,既要回忆对话内容,又要阅读选择项,还要进行计算,因此熟练掌握换算进率是十分必要的。

星期、日期、时、分的换算进率分别为7、30/31、24、60等。

A quarter 指时间是15分钟,指月份是一季度(三个月),指百分比为25%。

(3)身份与关系(Identity and Relationship)

对话中身份与关系类题是指根据对话内容就与对话有关人物的职业、身份或人物之间的关系提问,要求参赛学生从所给选项中选出一个正确答案的题型。

该类考题包括考查职业身份和考查二者关系两种,其提问角度主要有以下四种:

1)就对话人某一方的职业身份提问。

What is the woman’s job?

2)就对话人之间的关系提问。

What’s the relationship between the man and the woman?

3)就对话中涉及的第三者的职业、身份提问。

What do you think is Mary’s profession?

4)就对话中涉及的第三者与第四者之间的关系提问。

What is the relationship between Tom and Jerry?

考题类型:

①考查职业身份

这类题涉及的职业主要有教师、学生、图书管理员、医生/牙医、营业员、服务员、修理工、家庭主妇等。

例: [2014年A类样题]

What does Peter do?

A. A student.

B. A teacher.

C. A headmaster.

D. An assistant.

【录音原文】

W: Peter, I’ve got your letter here requesting leave.

M: Yes, I’m still owed two and a half days and I’ve got an exam next week I must prepare for.

W: You can’t just take leave whenever you want it. You know we’re very busy next week and we’ll need you to teach.

【解析】 题目问的是:Peter是做什么的?录音中听到女士在看到男士的假条后说“You can’t just take leave whenever you want it. You know we’re very busy next week and we’ll need you to teach.”,由teach一词可推出Peter应该是老师。

②考查二者之间关系

这类题涉及的二者关系主要有:教师与学生、医生与病人、丈夫与妻子、借书者与馆员、旅客与服务员、老板与雇员、修理工与顾客等。

例: [2008年A类样题]

A. Policeman and driver.

B. Teacher and pupil.

C. Driver and actress.

【录音原文】

M: Why didn’t you stop when we first signaled?

W: I’m sorry. Will I have to pay a fine?

Q: What’s the probable relationship between the man and woman?

【解析】 从stop,first signaled以及pay a fine等关键词,可知两人是警察与司机的关系。

答题技巧:

①如选项为关于职业、身份及关系方面的词汇,可断定该题属于身份与关系类对话。

②对话中一般不会直接提及人物的身份与关系,需要通过对话中的预期及关键词来进行判断。因此,考生应该掌握与特定语言环境及表示人物身份职业相关的词汇,并在做题时注意捕捉与人物职业身份相关的关键词。

③应该注意对话人的语气。不同关系的人物对话,其语气特征会比较明显。如夫妻、恋人之间常用比较亲昵的语气;同学、朋友之间常用比较随意的语气;而下属对老板则常用比较恭敬的语气。注意体会说话者的口气、语调及所用的称呼,这将有助于判断对话者之间的关系。如:

Dr. 是学生对老师或病人对医生的称呼

Mr., Mrs. 反映下级对上级或学生对老师的称呼

Prof. 用于对教授的称呼

Darling用于夫妻之间

常考身份与关系相关词汇总结如下:

职业身份

Postman(邮递员):

deliver, letter, parcel, mail, post, airmail, registered letter, postcard, mailbox, postage

Repairman(修理工):

fix, plug, gear, garage, vacuum, air-conditioner, heater, refrigerator, washing machine, drain, microwave, switch, plumber

something is wrong with…

Police(警察):

speeding, traffic light, driver’s license, fine, give a ticket to

Taxi-driver(出租车司机):

fare, meter, get off, change, tip, destination

Where shall I take you?

Where to?

Custom officer(报关员):

passport, restricted articles, free of duty

Do you have anything to declare?

Anything dutiable?

Librarian(图书管理员):

borrow, library card, periodical, journal, catalogue, book shelf, due, overdue, renew

Bank Clerk(银行职员):

balance, cash, check, an open account, interest, overdraft, withdraw, deposit

两者关系

Doctors and Patients(医生和病人):

examination, prescribe, injection, operation, fever, cough, headache, diagnose, medicine, flu, surgery, be operated on, indigestion

What’s the matter with you?

What’s wrong (with you)?

I suffered…

Teachers and Students(教师和学生):

textbook, course, grade, mark, exam, term paper, test, assignment, homework, lesson, class score, scholarship, pass, fail, semester, credit, oral exam, written exam, make up an exam, school record, tuition, drop out

Customer and Waiter/Waitress(顾客和服务生):

shop-assistant, attendant menu, order, tip, on sale, for sale, marked price, discount, selling season, shopping record, treat, go Dutch, steak, ham, out of style, in fashion, all the rage, in good taste

What can I do for you?

May I help you?

May I take your order now?

Would you like something else?

Will this be cash or charge/check/cheque?

Airport Staff and Customer(机场人员和乘客):

cabin door, gate, business class, economy class, first class, restricted articles, single ticket, return ticket, difference in time, airsick, seat belt fasten, take off, board, land

礼貌用语: Hi! Please! How do you do? How are you? Hello!

Boss and secretary(老板和秘书):

typing, operating, copy, file, document, report, telephone, appointment, timetable, arrangement

(4)态度与建议(Attitude and Suggestion)

考生需根据对话内容的关键词、上下文甚至语气、语调的内涵意义并利用逻辑思维能力进行判断,找出对话中人物对某事件或某人的观点态度。

常见的提问方式:

How does the man/woman feel about?

What does the man/woman think of...?

What does the man/woman mean?

What does the man/woman say about...?

例: [2018年A类初赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1424524691.mp3

A. It’s a little showy.

B. It looks ugly but very neat.

C. It’s pretty but too dear.

D. It fits the man well.

【录音原文】

M: How do you like my tie?

W: Your tie? Well, uh ... I think it’s nice.

M: You don’t really like it, do you?

W: Well, uh ...

M: Come on! Be honest with me!

W: Well ... To be honest, I think it’s a little bright.

M: Hmm. You may be right.

Question: What does the woman think of the tie?

【解析】 男士问女士对他的领带评价如何,女士首先谎称觉得不错,后男士要求她实话实说,女士才又表示颜色有点太亮了。故正确答案为A,她觉得有点太艳丽了。

答题技巧:

①答案通常与后者的话有关,选项中有关第一说话人的话通常不是正确答案。

第一人态度为肯定时,第二人的回答有:

支持: yes, sure, of course, that’s a good idea, out of question...

反对: no, not really, not likely, not at all, no way, out of the question...

第一人态度为否定时,第二人的回答有:

支持: no, of course not, you don’t

反对: yes, of course, you do

②看清问题,找准听音重点。

观点态度类试题主要是判断对话中说话人对所谈及的事或人所持的观点及态度。考生做这类试题时要注意理解对话中的大意,并且还要注意问题中考查的是男士还是女士的观点,以免判断错误。

③这里要注意几种关于态度的表达方式:

a. 双重否定表肯定

not impossible, can’t agree... any more, not unusual等

b. 部分否定的词

not all…(或:all…not), not every(或:every…not), not always等

c. 虚拟语气表假设,非真实情况

If it weren’t for…, It hadn’t been for…, but for, supposing等。

④熟练掌握表示建议的常用句式:

Why not…?

Why don’t you/we…?

How about…?

You’d better…

You may/might as well…

If I were you, I would…

I’d rather you…

(5)行为与计划(Action and Plan)

行为与计划类题目的选项常以to+V(或不带to的不定式)短语形式、V-ing短语形式或V-ed短语形式出现。对话中常会出现一个或几个动作,要求考生根据对话的内容,迅速记忆提及的动作及相关信息、动作发生的前后顺序以及动作与动作发出者的对应关系等。

该类试题要求考生对对话的主题及题目中说话人的行为进行判断,主要的提问方式有:

What does the man want to do?

What is the man planning to do?

What is the man going to do?

What are the two speakers talking about?

①考查过去的行为

例: [2016年A类决赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1425017839.mp3

Which room did the couple book?

A. A room with a king-size bed.

B. A suite with a king-size bed.

C. A room with an ocean view.

D. A suite with an ocean view.

【录音原文】

W: Good morning, sir.

M: Hi. We have a reservation. The name is Campbell.

W: One moment, please. Mr. Campbell…Yes, here we are Mr. and Mrs. Campbell.

M: That’s right.

W: We have you down for a five-night stay. And your room number is 1208, on the 12th floor, a room with a king-size bed, and a garden view…

M: Wait. That’s not what I reserved actually. I specifically requested a suite with an ocean view. Here’s the copy of your confirmation email…

【解析】 录音中女士以为这对夫妻预定的是特大号的房间,后来男士解释道:“I specifically requested a suite with an ocean view(我特别预定了一个可以看到海景的套房)”。由此可知,正确答案为D选项。

②考查将来的行为

例: [2017年A类样题]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1425096632.mp3

What will the man do?

A. Bring the menu.

B. Pay the bill.

C. Review the order.

D. Call others for help.

【录音原文】

W: Can you come here for a moment?

M: Yes, is there something wrong?

W: I’m afraid you’ve made a mistake. This isn’t what I ordered.

M: So sorry, I must have confused the orders. I’ll check it.

W: And also this soup is cold.

M: I’m really sorry, I’ll bring you a hot one right away.

【解析】 对话中女士指出端上来的食物和她所点的不一样,男士回答道,So sorry, I must have confused the orders. I’ll check it。表明他接下来会做的事情是检查点餐的单子。

③考查现在的行为

例: [2018年A类决赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1425171724.mp3

A. She needs a bigger budget for the man’s salary.

B. She’s asking the man to follow her.

C. She wants to hire the man.

D. She’s going to fire the man.

【录音原文】

W: Next year’s budget doesn’t include money for your position.

M: I’m afraid I’m not following you.

W: What I’m saying is that we’re going to have to fire you.

M: Oh, now I understand.

Question: What does the woman actually mean?

【解析】 对话中男士表示不理解后,女士说道What I’m saying is that we’re going to have to fire you,表明女士真正意思是解雇男士。

答题技巧:

听对话时要对与动作有关的内容特别注意,抓住表示时间顺序的词语,如since, before, after, then等,还要特别注意对话中所使用的时态和重复出现的词,这些往往是答题的关键。

(6)因果(Cause and Effect)

此类题型较难,因为原因的阐述通常会出现在第一句,容易被忽视,且该类题信号词较少,需听完完整对话后才能明白其内容重点。

常见的提问方式:

Why can’t sb. do sth. ?

Why is sb. ...?

Why does sb. ...?

例: [2018年A类决赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1425259985.mp3

A. Because the number of students has increased in the area.

B. Because the area has got many new technology companies.

C. Because many of the flats in the area are being renovated.

D. Because the area has attracted far more tourists this year.

【录音原文】

M: Have you found a place to live yet?

W: Yes, Dad. I think I have at last.

M: Wonderful!

W: I’m relaxed, because I’m tired of looking.

M: It hasn’t been easy for you. I suppose it’s the beginning of the new term and you have all the new students looking for places as well.

W: Yes, that’s one reason. But this place is also full of new technology companies and there’re lots of young people looking for somewhere to live. And you know what that means?

Question: Why are there not enough flats to rent?

【解析】 对话中男士说刚开学一定有许多学生找房子,一定很难。随后女士说道,有个原因,就是这地方科技公司太多了,很多年轻人都在找房子。表明租房子难的原因是科技公司太多了。录音没有提到大学生数量是否增多。故A选项错误。

答题技巧:

①注意听清第二个人的讲话内容,尤其是当第二个对话人使用I’d like to..., but...句式时,but之后就是具体原因。

②熟悉一些表示因果关系的词和短语,在听录音时要特别注意以下词或短语之后的内容:

words: because, as, for , since, in that, hence, therefore, consequently, cause, reason

expressions: due to, owing to, because of, thanks to, on account for, as a result, result from, result in, lead to, give rise to, contribute to, attribute to, now that, so that, so…that, such…that, in order to, be responsible for

(7)气候与天气

谈论天气的人一般是朋友或家庭成员,内容涉及气候、温度、环境及天气对人们生活和出行的影响。

解答该类题型要注意关于气候与天气的相关词汇及短语:

climate, forecast, get worse, sunny, bright, warm (up), cloudy, overcast, gloomy, windy, foggy, rain, snow, snow storm, etc.

冷暖:temperature, hot, cold, such a severe winter, etc.

(8)主题(Subject)

该类题目要求考生根据对话中的内容判断他们讨论的主题是什么。

常见提问方式为:

What are they/the two speakers talking about?

What do we learn from the conversation?

...

例: [2014年A类决赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1425459129.mp3

What do we learn from the conversation?

A. Landfill is now the main approach to waste disposal.

B. The man’s factory has begun to burn its waste.

C. Burning waste will do more harm to the environment.

D. The government is going to stop the use of landfill.

【录音原文】

W: How do you dispose of the waste in your factory?

M: We have to send it to landfill. It’s very expensive because the government recently introduced a landfill tax so we’re planning to build a new incineration plant next year to burn our waste.

W: But doesn’t burning waste produce carbon monoxide?

M: Yes, it does. But we believe it’s less harmful to the environment than landfill.

【解析】 当被问及如何处理工厂垃圾时,男士指出“We have to send it to landfill”,并提到最近政府引入了垃圾掩埋税,进行垃圾填埋很昂贵,因此他们考虑在下一年建造焚烧车间。对于女士关于焚烧垃圾产生二氧化碳的质疑,男士回答说“But we believe it’s less harmful to the environment than landfill”,可见只有A项符合录音内容。

答题技巧:

主题型试题主要考查学生对短对话的主要内容的把握能力。考生需要抓住关键字或主题句,根据所获得的关键信息,来分析概括主题。

注意不要只从对话一方的话语中寻找答案。由于是考查谈话主题,因此双方的话语中应都含有与主题相关的线索词。

◆长对话(选择题)

1 试题特点

(1)取材广泛

长对话的题材涉及十分广泛,如选课、考试、借书、打工、社团活动等大学校园内发生的与学习、生活及娱乐有关的内容,人物关系主要以学生之间或师生之间为主;或是租房、求职、商务、旅行或访谈等校园以外的内容,人物关系相对多样。同一次考试之中的两组对话一般会选用不同题材。

(2)命题点多且分散

长对话与短对话有类似之处。短对话中考查的习语与词汇、场景与人物、时间与数字、原因与结果、虚拟与转折等内容同样会在长对话中出现。长对话与短对话相比,信息量增大很多,短对话只针对 一处信息点 命题,而长对话 命题点多 且分散。

(3)命题顺序一般与原文一致

长对话一般是 按照与原文相符的先后顺序进行命题 的。这条命题原则对于考生来讲很重要,因为在听的过程中如能按顺序把某些选项中的关键词适当地“对号入座”,必要时再做一些笔记,就会增加对原文的理解程度,从而提高该部分的成绩。

2 解题攻略

(1)整体审题原则

由于一段长对话后设置几个题目,所以这些题目是相关的,在听音前应迅速浏览所有题目和选项,充分预测对话内容。

(2)听到什么选什么原则

长对话部分一般只要听见了某个词语,并且在选项里面也出现了该词语,那么这个选项就极有可能是正确选项。这个原则对考查细节的题目比较实用。对于听不懂或者没有听清楚的词句,可以采用此技巧。

(3)中心内容原则

考生在听对话的时候,要把精力集中在说话人想要通过他的话传达什么样的信息或者阐明什么样的观点上,而不是去想什么词没有听见,什么句子没有听懂。 永远去关注说话人想说明的主要观点

抓住这一点,不仅可以应对主旨类试题,还可以应对某些其他类型的试题,因为与短对话相比,长对话涉及的是一个“面”,必然有一个中心议题,中心议题就是该“面”的凝聚点,对话双方都是围绕该中心而展开对话的。因此对于长对话而言,做出正确选择的关键就是把握住对话的主题。

(4)问答原则

长对话中经常出现的问答的形式(即两个人对话时,其中一个人提问,另一个人对所提问的问题进行回答)是题眼。通常,对话中的提问往往成为问题的改写,回答的部分就是需要选的答案,因此考生要留心对话中的问句,学会在一问一答中把握考点。

(5)原因原则

原因在对话中常常会成为考试的焦点。因此,当对话中出现一些表示原因的标志词,如because, for, since, now that, so, consequently, therefore等时,考生要格外注意。

(6)but原则

这个原则非常简单,就是只要出现but,或者其他的转折连词,如however, although等,后面的内容往往就是考点。

(7)解释原则

有时候对话中会出现一些生僻的词或概念,如果这样的词或概念对理解整个对话没有影响,说话人是不会解释的,所以这个时候不需要对它多加注意,但是一旦说话人解释了,就说明它很可能对理解对话内容起到非常重要的作用,这时候,解释的内容就一定要仔细听,这极有可能就是题眼。

(8)建议原则

一般来讲,在对话中只要出现建议,建议就会是考点。实际上,这一原则不仅在长对话中适用,在短对话中往往也是如此,所以只要是建议就要把它记住,而且考生在复习时要尽可能地熟悉各种各样的建议方式。

3 题型分析

长对话部分的常考题型可分为以下三类:

(1)细节识别题(听懂重要的或特定的细节)

长对话中细节题所占的比重最高,一篇长对话中通常会出现4个以上的细节题,有时甚至全为细节题。细节题涉及对话中一些具体的信息,比如人物的身份、年龄、姓名、电话、事情发生的地点、原因等。

可能的提问方式如下:

Where does the conversation most probably take place?

When will the show begin?

How much is a child’s ticket?

How long does it take the man to…?

What gifts can children get from the library this year?

例: [2018年A类决赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1425564467.mp3

Which of the following is a key component of the course?

A. Learning how to be confident.

B. Learning how to select appropriate materials.

C. Learning how to stay healthy.

D. Learning how to use time effectively.

【录音原文】

M: Actually, I’m very excited about the whole thing of taking up studying again, but, you know, I’m a little nervous about whether I’ll manage to get everything done. I suppose it’s the same for all mature students.

W: Of course it is. Two of the key components of the Study for Success course are time management and overcoming procrastination. People discover that, if only they learn to plan their days, all the work can be accomplished and there’ll still be time for leisure.

【解析】 对话中女士说道“Two of the key components of the Study for Success course are time management and overcoming procrastination.”表明课程的两个关键组成部分就是时间管理和克服拖延症。故选D。

(2)推理判断题(推论隐含的意义)

推理试题的难度相对比较大,主要的提问方式有:

What can you infer from the conversation?

What might be the man’s attitude toward…?

What does the man think about…?

长对话部分对推理判断题的考查不是很多,该类试题主要考查考生的推理判断能力,考生应根据自己对对话内容的理解找出与对话意义相符的选择项,而不仅仅以词句是否与材料中听到的词句完全和部分相同而定。对于没有听懂的句子,可以根据已经获得的部分信息以及自己具备的一般常识来判断可能性较大的选项。

例: [2018年A类决赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1426046644.mp3

What should the students who want to take the “Study for Success seminar course” do?

A. They should buy their own morning tea.

B. They should contact their course tutor.

C. They should register with the Faculty Office.

D. They should book a place in advance.

【录音原文】

M: How much do I have to pay for the course?

W: Well, the cost is 300 pounds, which includes all course materials and morning tea. And I need to tell you that this is a very popular course and it’s essential that you book well ahead of time. In fact, there’re only five seats left.

【解析】 对话中女士提到,这一课程十分抢手,必须要提前预定。表明想参加课程一定要先预定。故选D。

(3)主旨大意题

常见的提问方式:

What is the conversation mainly about?

What are the two speakers talking about?

What does the conversation focus on?

What is the main topic of the conversation?

长对话中对主旨大意题的考查不是很多,该部分是对整个对话内容的总结,属于难度较高的一类题目,因此考生仍需注意。长对话的主题句一般是出现在对话的开始部分,并且对话的主旨会通过对话场景体现在一些关键词中,考生应该注意把握。

◆长对话(句子填空题)

1 试题特点

这类题型所考查的几乎都是录音里的细节,要求根据听到的信息,补全句子里的空缺,一般不需要做复杂的推理。

2 解题攻略

(1)解答此类题时,考生应严格地将思路限制在录音里所给的范围之内,切勿主观臆测。找题目中对应的中心词是此类题目解题的关键。通过中心词,去定位关键信息。

(2)预读题目,去预判句子中空缺单词的信息属性,如时间、数字、地点、人物、目的、原因、结果、对话场景等。

(3)答案一般是录音中提到的原词,但是题目中的句子一般不会是录音中的原句,而是通过对录音原文答题依据的句子进行同义转换、词性转换、思维角度转换等来实现差别。

例: [2022年A类初赛]

Geoff’s classroom is in Building ______.

【录音原文】

W: OK. Our classes are conducted in lots of different places. We have classrooms in the city and here in this building.

M: What’s this building called?

W: This building is building A.

M: I work near here, so it’d be best to study in building A.

【解析】 题目中的中心词是Building,从题目的信息可预判空缺单词应是建筑的名字。

◆短新闻

1 试题特点

(1)新闻内容源自VOA、BBC等国外新闻广播;

(2)题材多样,主要为政治、经济、科技等方面的新闻,在人文、军事、体育、健康等方面也有所涉及;

(3)由于新闻语言本身的客观性,语音一般语气比较平稳,措辞不会带有个人色彩。

2 解题攻略

(1)听前预测

短新闻部分也可以进行听前预测,基本原则和对话的原则相同,即:

★把握时机,在听力开始宣读指令时预读题干和选项;

★纵向浏览选项,快速寻找选项的共同点和不同点;

★几个选项相结合,预测新闻的大意。

错误的选项也可以传递很多信息,因为它的出现就是为了让考生加以选择,所以肯定有“真”的地方。考生要做的就是找出几个选项的共同点,这些点一般都是“真”的,可以让考生对新闻的大致内容有所了解。对于选项的不同点,在听的过程中要做到“去伪存真”。

(2)听时注意

新闻的第一句一定要注意。因为这句往往是新闻的导语,会告知新闻的主要内容,而且往往是主旨类题目的答案出处。

★和题目相关的内容一定要注意。新闻听力题目的原文信息定位比较简单,关键是在听时一定要细心,这样才能有效排除干扰项。

★遇到听不懂的地方立刻跳过。新闻听力的语速较快,如果遇到一个不熟悉的单词或没听清楚的句子就开始想它的意思,往往会影响对下文的理解。所谓“一心不能二用”,绝不可以在听的同时回想上文的内容。要养成一个习惯,即遇到不太懂的地方不要停下来思考,专心听下去。对于新闻听力,这点尤为重要。

★忽略特殊或难懂的人名地名。在新闻听力中,常常会遇到不太熟悉的人名或地名,但大部分情况下这些人名或地名不会对理解新闻内容造成影响。当然,重要的经常涉及的新闻人物及地名还是得熟悉一下。

★利用5W1H原则。新闻六要素(who, what, when, where, why, how),即通常说的“五个W和一个H”。听新闻必须捕捉这几个方面的信息,才能准确知道这则新闻究竟要传达的是什么内容。

3 题型分析

短新闻的基本题型可分为细节题、推断题和主旨题。

(1)细节题

和对话类题目类似,短新闻部分的题目也是以细节题为主,针对新闻的六要素(when, where, what, who, why, how)中的一个或几个进行提问。

回答细节题时,考生首先要根据题干的关键词汇认真听取对话中的相关部分,然后再进行选择。当录音中出现题干中的关键词或题干原话时,往往就是答案所在。

例: [2018年A类决赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1426143081.mp3

Which of the following regions in the world will witness the sharpest drop in life expectancy?

A. Asia.

B. Latin America.

C. Sub-Saharan Africa.

D. The Caribbean.

【录音原文】

A data shows that the global AIDS pandemic will cause a sharp drop in life expectancy in dozens of countries, in some cases, declines of three decades. Several nations are losing a century’s progress in extending the length of life. Nations in many parts of the world, 51 in all, are suffering declining life expectancies because of an increasing prevalence of HIV infection. The increase is occurring in Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean, but is greatest in sub-Saharan Africa, a region with only 10% of the world’s population but 70% of the world’s HIV infections. Seven African countries have life expectancies of less than 40 years.

【解析】 该部分提到因艾滋病感染率上升而使平均寿命下降的区域主要有亚洲、拉丁美洲、加勒比海区域,最严重的地方是撒哈拉以南的非洲,可知C选项正确。

(2)主旨题

相比长对话部分,短新闻部分的主旨题略多。短新闻的主旨题一般情况下答案都出自新闻的首句或前几句,即新闻导语,所以考生对新闻的开头部分要特别注意。

例: [2018年A类决赛]

视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/03/02/1426202471.mp3

What’s the main message of the news item?

A. Career service needs to be improved.

B. Career advice isn’t offered on the Internet.

C. Businesses aren’t getting talented people.

D. Young people should seek career advice.

【录音原文】

“One in ten young people claim to have had no career advice during their education. Around two-thirds haven’t decided on the career by the time they leave school,” says the YouGov Poll for recruitment consultancy Harvin Nash. “Most rely on friends, but many are turning to the Internet for advice instead, and a career service needs to embrace this,” say experts. The knock-on effect of confusing and unhelpful career advice is that young people aren’t making the best use of their skills, and industry is losing out on the most talented candidates. Harvin Nash’s chief Albert Alley said, “Without direction and advice, not only are young people missing out on potential career opportunities themselves, but businesses, too, could be missing out on the next generation of skills they need to compete.”

【解析】 该部分主要讲述了当今年轻人极度缺乏职业建议,导致了一些行业人才的流失。表现了职业服务亟需改善。可知A选项正确。

(3)推断题

推断题在短新闻题目中所占的比例很小,该类题目需要对某个事实细节进行推断。该类题能力要求较高,原文不会直接给出答案,必须在听懂的前提下才能做出准确的推断。

例: [2012年A类决赛]

What does the reverse brain drain in the news refer to?

A. Talents flowing from developed countries to their motherland.

B. Talents flowing from developing countries to developed ones.

C. Talents flowing from big cities to rural areas.

【录音原文】

Congress is studying how to change immigration policies in an effort to get more foreign students to stay and work in the United States. Many foreign students come to the United States to earn advanced degrees in science, technology, engineering and math. But many are unable to get a visa to live and work here after they graduate. So far no agreement has been reached on how to stop this so-called reverse brain drain. The loss of highly skilled workers usually involves developing countries losing them to wealthier ones. Critics say immigration policies in the United States are too restrictive.

【解析】 文中提到现行的移民措施导致many foreign students…unable to get a visa to live and work in the United States,即许多留学生归国,这将造成许多发展中国家的reverse brain drain“人才回流”。故选A。

◆独白

1 试题特点

(1)题材

独白由一段中篇叙述性音频构成,内容以演讲、描述性语篇为主。

(2)综合性

独白是一种综合性的测试手段,它全面测试了考生的语音、词汇量、语法以及记笔记等能力。

(3)难度较高

考生需要在听懂的基础上对录音内容进行提炼、归纳总结,从而得出符合字数的答案。

2 解题攻略

(1)听前利用间隙浏览问题

在录音播放前,尽快浏览文章已经给出的问题,从有限的题目信息中寻找线索和听音重点,这样可以在听录音时具有针对性和有效性。

(2)利用速记法

在很短的时间里要写下听到的有效信息,同时要保证拼写正确,而且还要跟上后面的听力内容,确实有很大的难度。因此考生要尽量运用速记法,以便能做到事半功倍。考生可以先写出某个单词的前几个字母,回头再逐一补全。

(3)利用转换技巧

如果录音中原话不能直接作为答案,可以通过对录音原文答题依据的句子进行同义转换、词性转换、思维角度转换等来实现符合字数的答案。考生应根据题目给出的提示信息找出听音重点,在听懂的基础上去做题,回答问题时只答出要点即可。所填答案一般是录音中提到过的单词,有些则需要考生根据语意、字数要求、语法规则去填写录音中没提到过的单词。

◆平时备考

为了提高听力效果,考生应在听力训练和复习中有意识地注意以下几个方面的训练:

1 通过“读”帮助“听”,努力扩大知识面

听力部分的内容取材广泛,几乎覆盖生活的各个方面。对现实生活各个领域的词汇都略知一二是听懂的基础,对于短新闻类题目尤其适用,新闻作为一种语言测试题型也是语言在现实生活中真实运用的体现。所以考生在平时的学习中要多读多听,不断积累各个方面的知识和词汇,尤其是实事政治词汇。

2 掌握正确的语音

掌握正确的语音是提高英语听力能力的重要基础。学习者有必要对音标、字母组合、发音规则等进行系统的复习,不断提高对语音的辨别能力和敏感程度。只有熟练地掌握了这些基础知识,才能逐步过渡到句子、段落以至于整篇文章的理解。

3 扩大词汇量

扩大词汇量,熟记新闻报道中的常用词汇。虽然英语新闻广播所使用的词汇量很大,但其中的常用词比较稳定,且重复率较高。如VOA广播中的Special English节目要求的常用词汇约为1500个,如果能熟练掌握这些词汇,听懂Special English就不是问题。

4 加强储存记忆(memory span)

做到这一点需要按意群捕捉讲述的内容,不要一字一字地听,而要抓住关键词或句。听完一段不可能一字一句地回忆,而要建立整体概念。

5 加强及时反应(immediate recall)

只有当你建立了整体概念,才能达到立即回忆。

6 做简短笔记(brief note-taking)

在听较长材料时,用缩写或自己能看懂的点、线或其他标记做些快速记录,如:数字、地点、人名或其他关键词语等。

7 多做听写和记笔记训练(dictating & note-taking)

这种练习有助于储存记忆,训练快速抓住关键词或句,以及中心思想的能力。

8 精听与泛听(intensive & extensive listening)

同一段内容反复听若干次,这样有助于增加记忆的持续时间;听不同内容的材料,有助于增加听各种不同声音、口音及语速的经验。前者属于精听,后者为泛听,两者应有机结合起来。

9 训练听与寻找答案同时进行(looking for the right answer while listening)

在听的同时迅速浏览各项选择,只需细看各项选择的不同部分,而相同的部分只看第一个即可,这样可以节省时间以便多做思考。当然,如果能巧妙地利用每一部分考题的空隙快速浏览一下所要做的习题的选择项,那是再好不过了。因此,特别要提醒考生的一个诀窍就是:当听力理解的每一部分开始放音时,总要有一长段的题目指令(Instructions)与例题(Sample),考生可以不必去听它,因为听与不听根本不会影响你后面的答题。利用这一段时间,浏览题目及选项并大致推测一下录音内容大有益处。考生千万不要错过这个时机。

10 必须防止两种情况的发生

一是精神过度紧张;二是注意力长时间的滞留。要学会控制自己的注意力,尽量不使其长时间地滞留或努力缩短其滞留时间,而迅速再度集中注意力听下面的内容。

总之,听力的提高固然与个人的语音水平有关,但更重要的还必须通过大量的听的实践来提高。客观地讲,提高英语听力水平没有捷径可走,多听是唯一的办法。所谓“技巧”都是在英语新闻听力训练的过程中根据自己的实践总结的经验,任何“技巧”都代替不了“听”本身。所以,要想提高英语听力水平,一定要养成经常听英语的习惯。 iGqhocbENeESUGgd8+2+h0YF7jVkOfMVtgCLdnTlc5DOnP5SPSKZuTXBNvf4t22I

点击中间区域
呼出菜单
上一章
目录
下一章
×