



为了帮助考生进一步明确所要考查的目标,对听力内容充分分析、概括、总结,并做出正确的推理、判断,最后得出答案,下面分别讲解四种类型考题的特点及解题技巧。
◆短对话
1 试题特点
(1)注重考查逻辑思维
在全国大学生英语竞赛听力对话部分中,能够从对话原文中直接找到答案的题目比重较小,而那些需要判断说话人意图、态度或意见要求的题所占比重较大。
(2)对话内容涉及面广
无论是长对话还是短对话,话题基本以衣、食、住、行等日常生活为主。
(3)对话的方式多为一问一答
在短对话听力测试中,对话的方式多为问答式,或者由第一个人陈述一个观点,第二个人表示附和或反对。问答的回合数一般不会超过三个。
2 解题攻略
短对话作为听力理解部分中较为简单的一类题型,有其特定的解题技巧。
(1)提前快速浏览题目及选项,把握听音重点
考生应充分利用试卷发下到Directions播完的这段时间,迅速浏览试卷上这部分所给的选项,这样在听的时候能有的放矢地捕捉关键信息,弄清对话环境和意图,最后排除各干扰项,做出正确选择。
例: [2012年C类初赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1551484159.mp3
According to the man, who is going to take over the position they are talking about?
A. Janice.
B. Someone else.
C. Meryl.
【听音重点】 根据题目选项中的人物,可以预判听录音时应重点注意文中出现的人名。
【录音原文】
M: Janice won’t be coming back after she’s had her baby, so do we keep Meryl, or do we need to find someone else?
W: As far as I’m concerned, Meryl can stay. I think she’s done a great job over the last month.
M: I’m sorry, but I really can’t agree with you. She hasn’t got the right manner. Take for example that incident with the customer a couple of days ago. The customer wasn’t very friendly, but that’s no excuse for being rude.
(2)注意捕捉说话人的弦外之音
对话部分有很多问题都不是针对讲话人的字面意思发问的,考生必须体会到讲话人的言外之意,才能推断出正确选项。
例: [2018年C类决赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1552032277.mp3
A. She didn’t feel any culture shock on her first trip to China.
B. She enjoys going fishing with the man.
C. She has learned to cook some Chinese food.
D. She didn’t feel like eating Chinese food when she first came to China.
【录音原文】
M: So Tiffany, you’ve been working with us here in China for a few months now. Are you still feeling culture shock?
W: Yes, a bit. But it’s much better than the first few weeks. Back then I was really a fish out of water.
M: Remember the first time I took you to eat real Chinese food? You barely touched anything!
Q: What do we learn about Tiffany from the conversation?
【解析】 对话中Tiffany说她刚来中国时就像离了水的鱼一样。随后男士说他第一次带Tiffany吃中国菜时,她几乎什么也没吃。表明Tiffany刚来中国时不喜欢中国菜。
(3)熟练掌握有关日常生活等方面的词语、习语、句型等
熟悉日常生活中常用的词汇、短语、习语、句型,能使考生听到相关对话时迅速做出反应,提高答题效率和正确率。
例: [2017年C类决赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1552116243.mp3
Which saying can describe the situations in the conversation?
A. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
B. Gentleness and kindness conquer at last.
C. Two is company, but three is none.
D. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
【录音原文】
M: I’d say hugging is not usually appropriate in a business situation. Some people are a bit overly friendly. But if the person initiates it, I’d recommend you grit your teeth and go along with it, otherwise people might think you are rude.
W: So the same rule would apply to getting a kiss from a European: if they initiate it, just go along and be friendly, right?
M: Yeah. Try to follow the local customs.
【解析】 对话中男士说虽然拥抱在商务场合中不太合适,但如果有人这么做了,最好还是跟着做,最后还提到“Try to follow the local customs”。由此可知这个对话讨论的主要话题是“入乡随俗”。因此D项正确。
3 题型分析
听力短对话试题类型多样,这里主要介绍常涉及到的七种题型及针对各题型的答题技巧。
(1)地点与方向(Locations and Directions)
地点与方向类试题在对话中经常出现。这类题目根据对话内容,就地点提问,要求考生从四个选项中选出正确答案。这些地点包括对话进行的地点、对话涉及的事件的地点、涉及的人物的地点或人物来自哪里及要去的地点。
考题类型:
①直接型。地点在对话中会直接出现,但提到的地点通常不止一个,考生需要对其进行辨认、选择。
例: [2014年C类决赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1552358081.mp3
Where is the man supposed to be at the moment?
A. At his office.
B. On the 9:30 flight.
C. At the typhoon observation centre.
D. On the plane flying to Hong Kong.
【录音原文】
M: Hey, Susan, how are things at the office?
W: Oh, hi boss. Things are fine. But...aren’t you supposed to be on a plane right now? I booked you a 9:30 flight out of Hong Kong.
M: Um ... Yeah. I should be watching the in-flight movie by now, but all flights are grounded. It’s due to that hurricane Typhoon Marokot has shut down air traffic across the region.
【解析】 此时男士本应在9:30由香港出发的航班上。因此答案选B项。
②间接型。没有直接提到地点或方向,要求考生根据对话的主题和内容进行推理判断。
例1: [2013年C类决赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1552439446.mp3
Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. At a news agency.
B. At an airport.
C. In a handbag shop.
【录音原文】
M: It leaves in five minutes and we can’t get all the way back to the check-in—sure you put it inside your passport, like you usually do.
W: And that’s right where I always keep it, in the side of my handbag, but the boarding pass isn’t there. I didn’t give it to you on hold, did I?
M: Not this time. I’ve been holding the newspapers all the way!
【解析】 女士提到but the boarding pass isn’t there,boarding pass为“登机牌”,由此可知对话发生在机场。
例2: [2017年C类初赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1552523569.mp3
Where does this conversation probably take place?
A. At a TV studio.
B. In a supermarket.
C. At the police station.
D. In an airplane.
【录音原文】
W: Oh, you have to tell them about the seat-belt signs again.
M: It’s your turn. I did it just now. Oh, and don’t forget to switch off the intercom when you finish.
W: Ladies and gentlemen, the captain has switched on the seat-belt signs. Please return to your seats and fasten your seat belts. Please take a moment to look again at the emergency instructions in the seat pocket in front of you.
【解析】 录音中女士说到“the captain has switched on the seat-belt signs”,由“captain”以及“seat-belt”等元素可推断该情景发生在飞机上。故选D项。
答题技巧:
对于直接型考题,应首先确定题目所问的对象是男士还是女士,然后再针对对话中的地点进行辨认、选择。
对于间接型考题,考生则应特别注意对话的主题,如在学校,话题常围绕学习。这类考题所涉及的场所通常有:学校、邮局、图书馆、商店、医院、餐馆、机场、车站、银行等。考生要注意与这些特定场所有关的词语。
常考场景相关词汇总结如下:
学校用语:
bachelor’s degree学士学位
master’s degree硕士学位
doctor’s degree 博士学位
graduate ceremony毕业典礼
academic year学年
make-up examination补考
required/obligatory course必修课
optional/elective course选修课
mid-term examination期中考试
final examination期末考试
credit system学分制
course guideline课程纲要
refresher course进修课程
academic activities学术活动
syllabus教学大纲
register/enroll 注册
campus校园
credit学分
quiz小测验
freshman大一学生
sophomore大二学生
junior大三学生
senior大四学生
postgraduate研究生
seminar研讨会
dean院长
professor教授
lecturer讲师
supervisor论文导师
teaching assistant助教
scholarship奖学金
tuition学费
diploma毕业证书
society学生社团
student union学生会
dormitory宿舍
boarder寄宿生
extern走读生
clinic校医院
major专业
thesis论文
term paper学期论文
assignment作业
book report读书报告
presentation发言
机场、车站用语:
first class头等舱
economy class经济舱
express trains快车
direct flight直达航班
international flight国际航班
domestic flight 国内航班
behind the schedule晚点/误点
check-in procedure登机手续
left-luggage office行李寄存处
stewardess/air hostess空姐
steward空乘
waiting lounge 候机大厅
waiting room候车室
conductor列车长
car attendant列车员
passport护照
visa签证
airliner班机
flight航班
board登机
gate登机口
land着陆
departure起飞
take off起飞
seat belt安全带
银行用语:
current account现金账户
exchange rate汇率
foreign currency外汇
traveler’s check旅游支票
open an account开户
savings account储蓄账户
interest rate利率
installment分期付款
credit card信用卡
passbook存折
withdraw取钱
overdraw透支
cash现金
check支票
deposit存款
loan贷款
teller出纳
图书馆用语:
loan desk借书处
library card借书卡
reference room参考资料室
reference book参考书
issue(期刊、报纸)期
due(书、作业等)到期应交还的
catalogue目录
current issue现刊
back issue过刊
periodical期刊
fiction/novel小说
index索引
renew续借
overdue超期
pay a fine交罚金
bookshelf书架
餐馆用语:
go Dutch AA制
Chinese food中餐
Western style food西餐
soft drink不含酒精的饮料
be full/stuffed吃饱
pay a bill付账
treat sb. to sth.请某人吃某物
rare三分熟的
medium五成熟的
well-done全熟的
appetizer开胃菜
refreshment茶点
cold dish冷盘
dessert甜点
soup汤
tender嫩的
menu菜单
tip小费
buffet自助餐
snack快餐
order点菜
邮局用语:
airmail航空快件
ordinary/regular mail平信
registered mail挂号信
stamps counter/window卖邮票处
ordinary telegram普通电报
urgent telegram加急电报
express mail快递
special delivery限时专递
overweight charge超重费
return address回函地址
sender’s address寄件人地址
package包裹
parcel form包裹单
postage邮资
zip code 邮政编码
remittance汇款
商店用语:
daily necessities日用品
check-out/cash desk付款台
men’s/women’s department男/女装部
Cash or charge? 付现金还是记账?
packing/wrapping包装
fashion时尚
bargain讨价还价
one price不还价
fixed prices定价
promotion促销
20% discount off 打八折
on sale甩卖
sold out卖完
in stock有货
out of stock无货
cashier出纳员价
医院用语:
blood pressure血压
emergency room急诊
operation room手术室
give an injection注射
visiting hours探视时间
surgeon外科医生
physician内科医生
traditional Chinese medicine中医
take one’s temperature量体温
dentist牙医
cough咳嗽
flu流感
fever发烧
headache头痛
sneeze打喷嚏
a sore throat 嗓子疼
indigestion消化不良
prescription处方
check-up体检
ward病房
treat治疗
cure/heal治愈
dose剂量
tablet药片
capsule胶囊
first-aid kit 急救箱
宾馆用语:
room service客房服务
single/double room单/双人间
check in/out 登记入住/付账后离开
reservation预定
reception desk登记处
service counter服务台
duration of stay停留时间
suite套间
inn客栈
full up住满了
vacancy空房
理发店用语:
hairdresser美发师
blow the hair吹风
haircut理发
hairstyle发型
beard胡须
mustache髭
curly卷发的
bob剪短
shave刮胡子
cut剪发
海关用语:
allowance限额
go through the customs通关
declare申报
duty free免税的
visa签证
办公室用语:
vacancy空缺
appointment预约
candidate求职者
job applicant求职者
fire/dismiss解雇
employer老板
employee雇员
resume简历
scanner扫描仪
printer打印机
fax传真
file文件
copier复印机
schedule时间表
法庭用语:
jury陪审团
accuse控诉
My Lord/Your Honor 法官大人
guilty有罪的
innocent清白的
crime犯罪
witness证人
(2)时间与数字(Time and Numerals)
时间与数字类的题目包括直接型和隐含型。
考题类型:
①直接型。该类考题不需要计算,答案直接出现在对话的多个数字中,要求考生根据题目从所给选项中直接辨认出答案。主要考查考生对数字的辨认及记忆能力。
例: [2010年C类决赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1553101598.mp3
<
How much did the job advertisement cost?
A. $10
B. $15
C. $20
【录音原文】
W: I’ve put the job advertisement in the newspaper, Mr. Trim. And it was a bit more than $10 they quoted us.
M: As long as it was not $10 a day.
W: No, a week actually. I paid $15 in the end. I put it in for 2 weeks which should have made it $20, but they gave us a $5 discount.
②隐含型。选项中的时间或数字不会直接出现在对话里,有时需进行简单的计算。
例: [2005年C类初赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1553177792.mp3
A. At 3:00.
B. At 3:30.
C. At 4:00.
D. At 4:30.
【录音原文】
M: Please call Mr. Wilson and tell him I’ll be late for the four o’clock meeting. What time is it now?
W: It’s 3:00. How late do you think you’ll be?
M: About half an hour.
Q: When will the man meet Mr. Wilson?
【解析】 对话中问Mr. Wilson会迟到多久,由男士的回答About half an hour可知D选项正确。
答题技巧:
对于直接型考题,考生需要根据题目和对话内容在选项中进行选择,因此考生可以利用短暂的间隙浏览题目,查看题目所提问的对象,之后在听对话内容时将该对象所对应的时间或数字记录下来。
对于隐含型考题,答案有时需要进行简单的计算,如将数字进行加减等。这要求考生在听对话时需将对话中出现的所有数字及其对应的对象记下来,以便计算。
①对于时间题,要注意以下几点:
a. -teen和-ty的读法
“-teen”和“-ty”是众多考生容易混淆的,应该注意区分。主要区别为:第一,重音不同。前者重音在词末,而后者重音在词首;第二,是否有鼻音。结尾发音有鼻音/n/的单词为“-teen”,如:fourteen和forty, thirteen和thirty等。
b.时间
5:12 five twelve/twelve past five
7:15 seven fifteen/a quarter past seven (after seven)
8:45 eight forty-five/ a quarter to nine
11:50 eleven fifty/ ten to twelve
2:00 pm/14:00 two pm/ fourteen hundred hours
12:00 twelve/ noon/ midday
24:00 midnight
c.日期与年代
3月15日 March 15th/ the 15th of March
每隔一天(每两天) every other day/every two days
几天前the other day /a few days ago
两星期 fortnight/ period of two weeks
20世纪 the twentieth century
19世纪40年代 in the eighteen forties
公元前450年(450 BC)four hundred and fifty BC/four fifty BC
②对于数字题,要注意以下表达方式(同一意义的不同表达):
a.多位数的表达
10 ten/ a decade
12 twelve/ a dozen
1960 nineteen sixty
1900 nineteen hundred
b.分数与小数
分数:分子用基数表示,分母用序数表示
1/2 (0.5) one half (zero point five)
1/4 (0.25) one fourth/ a quarter (zero point twenty five)
c.号码、货币
电话号码按位数逐个读出来,如87316789。
房间号码、邮政编码、街道等:180 one-eighty/ one-eight-zero
注意数量单位与单位基数的不同。如:a penny=one cent, a nickel =five cents, a quarter= twenty-five cents, a half dollar= fifty cents.
③注意数字换算
掌握听力课堂中所列的与数字相关的表达方式。由于每个对话间隔的时间短,既要回忆对话内容,又要阅读选择项,还要进行计算,因此熟练掌握换算进率是十分必要的。
星期、日期、时、分的换算进率分别为7、30/31、24、60等。
A quarter 指时间是15分钟,指月份是一季度(三个月),指百分比为25%。
(3)身份与关系(Identity and Relationships)
对话中身份与关系类题是指就有关人物的职业、身份或人物之间的关系提问,并要求参赛学生从所给选项中选出一个正确答案。
该类考题包括考查职业身份和考查二者关系两种,其提问角度主要有以下四种:
①就对话人某一方的职业身份提问。
What is the woman’s job?
②就对话人之间的关系提问。
What’s the relationship between the man and the woman?
③就对话中涉及的第三者的职业、身份提问。
What do you think is Mary’s profession?
④就对话中涉及的第三者与第四者之间的关系提问。
What is the relationship between Tom and Jerry?
考题类型:
①考查职业身份
这类题涉及的职业主要有教师、学生、图书管理员、医生/牙医、营业员、服务员、修理工、家庭主妇等。
例: [2012年C类决赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1554038386.mp3
What does the woman most probably do?
A. She is a director.
B. She is an actress.
C. She is a student.
【录音原文】
M: Maria, the curtain goes up on your new play next week. Are you at all anxious or is opening night an occasion which no longer bothers you?
W: Well, it depends on the production. But in this case, I’ve been privileged again to have an excellent director. I’ve learned from him that I don’t just learn the part, I live it. And that takes away any fears I might have.
M: I’ve heard that no one dares to challenge the director’s opinions. Is that true?
【解析】 对话中提到下周女士的新剧要上演,因此推断她是一位演员。
②考查二者之间关系
这类题涉及的而这关系主要有:教师与学生、医生与病人、丈夫与妻子、借书者与馆员、旅客与服务员、老板与雇员、修理工与顾客等。
例: [2005年C类初赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1554118309.mp3
A. Manager and staff member.
B. Sales Manager and customer.
C. Salesman and customer.
D. Teacher and student.
【录音原文】
M: If you can bring the price down another two percent, we’ll agree to the purchase.
W: Let me talk to our Sales Manager about that.
Q: What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
答题技巧:
①该类题可通过选项内容进行判断,如选项为关于职业、身份方面的词汇,可断定该题属于身份与关系类对话。
②对话中一般不会直接提及人物的身份与关系,需要通过对话中的预期及关键词来进行判断。因此,考生应该掌握与特定语言环境及表示人物身份职业相关的词汇,并在做题时注意捕捉与人物职业身份相关的关键词。
③应该注意对话人的语气。不同关系的人物对话,其语气特征会比较明显。如夫妻、恋人之间常用比较亲昵的语气;同学、朋友之间常用比较随意的语气;而下属于老板则常用比较恭敬的语气。注意体会说话者的口气、语调及所用的称呼,这将有助于判断对话者之间的关系。如:
Dr. 是学生对老师或病人对医生的称呼
Mr., Mrs. 反映下级对上级或学生对老师的称呼
Prof. 用于对教授的称呼
Darling用于夫妻之间
常考职业身份与关系词汇总结如下:
职业身份:
Postman(邮递员):
deliver, letter, parcel, mail, post, airmail, registered letter, postcard, mailbox, postage, etc.
Repairman(修理工):
fix, plug, gear, garage, vacuum, air-conditioner, heater, refrigerator, washing machine, drain, microwave, switch, plumber
something is wrong with…
Police(警察):
speeding, traffic light, driver’s license, fine, give a ticket to
Taxi-driver(出租车司机):
fare, meter, get off, change, tip, destination, etc.
Where shall I take you?
Where to?
Customs officer(报关员):
passport, restricted articles, free of duty,
Do you have anything to declare?
Anything dutiable?
Librarian(图书管理员):
borrow, library card, periodical, journal, catalogue, book shelf, due, overdue, renew
Bank Clerk(银行职员):
balance, cash, check, an open account, interest, overdraft, withdraw, deposit
两者关系:
Doctors and Patients(医生和病人):
examination, prescribe, injection, operation, fever, cough, headache, diagnose, medicine, flu, surgery, be operated on, indigestion, etc.
What’s the matter with you?
What’s wrong (with you)?
I suffered…
Teachers and Students(教师和学生):
textbook, course, grade, mark, exam, term paper, test, assignment, homework, lesson, class score, scholarship, pass, fail, semester, credit, oral exam, written exam, make up an exam, school record, tuition, drop out
Waiter or Waitress(顾客和服务生):
Shop-assistant , Attendant menu, order, tip, on sale, for sale, marked price, discount, selling season, shopping record, treat, go Dutch, steak, ham, out of style, in fashion, all the rage, in good taste
What can I do for you?
May I help you?
May I take your order now?
Would you like something else?
Will this be cash or charge/check/cheque?
Airport Staff and Customer(机场人员和乘客):
cabin door, gate, business class, economy class, first class, restricted articles, single ticket, return ticket, difference in time, airsick, seat belt fasten, take off, board, land
语气词: Hi! Please! How do you do? How are you? Hello!
Boss and secretary(老板和秘书):
typing, operating, copy, files, document, report, telephone, appointment, timetable, arrangement, etc.
(4)态度与建议(Attitude and Suggestion)
考生需根据对话内容的关键词、上下文甚至语气、语调的内涵意义并利用逻辑思维能力进行判断,找出对话中人物对某事件或某人的观点态度。
常见的提问方式:
How does the man/woman feel about?
What does the man/woman think of...
What does the man/woman mean?
What does the man/woman say about...
例: [2017年C类决赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1554213531.mp3
What is the man’s opinion about making decisions?
A. Decisions should be made based on data.
B. Decision making is a complicated process.
C. Intuition serves as a signal in decision making.
D. Gut feelings may help one make decisions.
【录音原文】
M: But Faith, do you really think we should base a decision on feelings?
W: Well, feelings can be a warning. I believe very strongly in the power of intuition. You know how people say,“I have a gut feeling?”What they really mean is that their intuition is giving them a signal.
M: Do you mean that emotions are important, even in the business world? I think we should make choices based on data and information...not on emotions!
【解析】 对话中在讨论做决定是要根据感情还是信息时,男士说“I think we should make choices based on data and information...not on emotions!”由此可知男士不同意以感情做决定的方式,他认为做决定应当以数据和信息为依据。因此A项正确。
答题技巧:
①答案通常与后者的话有关,选项中有关第一说话人的话通常不是正确答案。
A. 第一人态度为肯定时,第二人的回答有:
支持: yes, sure, of course, that’s a good idea, out of question...
反对: no, not really, not likely, not at all, no way, out of the question...
B. 第一人态度为否定,第二人的回答有:
支持: no, of course not, you don’t
反对: yes, of course, you do
②看清问题,找准听音重点。
观点态度类试题主要是判断对话中说话人对所谈及的事或人所持的观点及态度。考生做这类试题时要注意理解对话中的大意,并且还要注意问题中考查的是男士还是女士的观点,以免错判。
③这里要注意几种关于态度的表达方式:
A. 双重否定表肯定
not impossible, can’t agree... any more, not unusual等
B. 部分否定的词
not all…(或:all…not), not every(或:every…not), not always等
C. 虚拟语气表假设,非真实情况
④熟练掌握表示建议的常用句式:
Why not…
Why don’t you/we…
How about…
You’d better…
You may/might as well…
If I were you, I would…
I’d rather you…
(5)行为与计划(Action and Plan)
行为与计划类题目的选项常以to+V(或不带to的不定式)短语形式、V-ing短语形式或V-ed短语形式出现。对话中常会出现一个或几个动作,要求考生根据对话的内容,迅速记忆提及的动作及相关信息、动作发生的前后顺序以及动作与动作发出者的对应关系等。
该类试题要求考生对对话的主题及题目中说话人的行为进行判断,主要的提问方式有:
What does the man want to do?
What is the man planning to do?
What is the man going to do?
What are the two speakers talking about?
…
①考查过去的行为
例: [2014年C类决赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1554319008.mp3
How did Jerry spend his weekend?
A. He watched a new 3D movie with Paula.
B. He experimented with some new technologies.
C. He went mountain biking with some friends.
D. He went shopping and bought a nice sweater.
【录音原文】
M: Hey, Paula. Did you have a good weekend?
W: Yeah...I checked out that new 3D movie. It’s amazing what they can do with technologies these days! How about you, Jerry?
M: I went mountain biking with a couple of friends. We worked up a good sweat and had a good time.
【解析】 对话中Jerry提到“I went mountain biking with a couple of friends”,即他和朋友一起去骑山地车了。因此选C项。
②考查将来的行为
例: [2017年C类决赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1554384790.mp3
What are the speakers going to do according to the conversation?
A. To start a new textile factory in Frankfurt.
B. To set up a booth at the Frankfurt trade fair.
C. To organize a grand world Expo in Germany.
D. To sign a contract with a German company.
【录音原文】
M: Well, folks...I’ve got good news! Everything is finalized and we’ll be setting up a booth at the trade fair in Frankfurt!
W: That’s great news! The application process was so difficult, but I’m glad we made it!
M: The trade show in Frankfurt is the biggest textile show in the world, so it’s great that we can have a presence there!
【解析】 对话开头男士便宣布一切都筹备好了,“we’ll be setting up a booth at the trade fair in Frankfurt!”,之后的讨论便都围绕这个话题展开。由此可知,对话者将在法兰克福的贸易展销会上有一个摊位。因此B项正确。
③考查现在的行为
例: [2010年C类初赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1554471484.mp3
What is the woman probably doing now?
A. She is writing an essay.
B. She is studying for a test.
C. She is shopping for shoes.
【录音原文】
M: There is an article in this magazine that might interest you. It’s about buying running shoes.
W: If it’s not chemistry and it’s not on the final exam. I can’t read it now.
M: Calm down.
【解析】 当男士向女士推荐杂志上的一篇文章时,女士说如果不是关于化学和考试,那她就不看了,可知她可能是在准备考试。
答题技巧:
听对话时要对与动作有关的内容特别注意,抓住表示时间顺序的词语,如since, before, after, then等,还要特别注意对话中所使用的时态和重复出现的词,这些往往是答题的关键。
(6)因果(Cause and Effect)
此类题型较难,因为原因的阐述通常会出现在第一句,容易被忽视,且该类题信号词较少,需听完完整对话后才能明白其内容重点。
常见的提问方式:
Why can’t sb. do sth.?
Why is sb. ...?
Why does sb. ...?
例: [2017年C类决赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1554552849.mp3
Why does Jane borrow Tom’s yoga book?
A. It is a reference book for her research on the Olympics.
B. Tom recommended her to read it.
C. She wants to learn some basic principles of the sport.
D. It is part of her yoga lessons.
【录音原文】
W: Tom, I was wondering if I could borrow your book on yoga.
M: Sure. Are you going to take yoga lessons, Jane?
W: Yeah, I think I might, but I’d like to understand how it works.
M: Good idea. It has become an official sport in the Olympics.
【解析】 对话中Jane要借Tom的瑜伽书,在Tom问她是不是要上瑜伽课时,Jane回答说“I’d like to understand how it works”。由此可知Jane借书是想了解如何进行瑜伽,即瑜伽的基本原理。因此C项正确。
答题技巧:
①注意听清第二个人的讲话内容,尤其是当第二个对话人使用I’d like to ..., but ...句式时,but之后就是具体原因。
②熟悉一些表示因果关系的词和短语,在听录音时要特别注意以下词或短语之后的内容。
Words: because, as, for, since, in that, hence, therefore, consequently, cause, reason
Expressions: due to, owing to, because of, thanks to, on account for, as a result, result from, result in, lead to, give rise to, contribute to, attribute to, now that, so that, so…that, such…that, in order to, be responsible for
(7)气候与天气
谈论天气的人一般是朋友或家庭成员,内容涉及气候、温度、环境及天气对人们生活和出行的影响。
例: [2007年C类初赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1555069611.mp3
A. Rainy.
B. Sunny.
C. Cloudy.
【录音原文】
W: Take your rain coat with you, John.
M: No need. It doesn’t look like it’s going to rain. The sun is shining.
W: But these days it often rains in the afternoon.
Q: What’s the weather like while they are having the conversation?
【解析】 由第二句话可知他们谈话的时候天气是Sunny。
答题技巧:
解答该类题型要注意关于气候与天气的相关词汇及短语:
climate, forecast, get worse, sunny, bright, warm (up), cloudy, overcast, gloomy, windy, foggy, rain, snow, snow storm, etc.
冷暖: temperature, hot, cold, such a severe winter, etc.
(8)主题(Subject)
该类题目要求考生根据对话中的内容判断他们讨论的主题是什么。
常见提问方式为:
What are they/the two speakers talking about?
...
例: [2016年C类决赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1555142606.mp3
What are the speakers talking about?
A. The importance of studying“Feng Shui”.
B. A practical interpretation of “ Feng Shui ” .
C. How to avoid attacks from behind.
D. Ways to arrange seats for a business meeting.
【录音原文】
M: I have a question. I’m never quite sure where to sit during a business meeting.
W: The ancient Chinese art“Feng Shui”teaches that you should never sit with the door behind you-and actually there’s a scientific reason for that. When a person’s back is placed towards an open space he becomes stressed; his blood pressure increases and his heart beats faster.
M: That makes sense! People subconsciously worry about getting attacked if they don’t know what’s going on behind them.
【解析】 录音中女士的话谈到“风水”,并对其进行解释,第二句则是以此回答男士关于开会时如何选座的问题,因此选B项。
答题技巧:
主题型试题主要考查学生对短对话的主要内容的把握能力。考生需要抓住关键字或主题句,根据所获得的关键信息,来分析概括主题。
注意不要只从对话一方的话语中寻找答案。由于是考查谈话主题,因此双方的话语中应都含有与主题相关的线索词。
◆长对话(选择题)
1 试题特点
(1)取材广泛
长对话的题材涉及十分广泛,如选课、考试、借书、打工、社团活动等出现在大学校园中并与学习、生活及娱乐有关的内容,人物关系主要以学生之间或师生之间为主;或是租房、求职、商务、旅行或访谈等校园以外的内容,人物关系相对多样。一般来讲同一次考试中的两组对话题材不同。
(2)命题点多且分散
长对话兼有短对话和复合式听写的特点。短对话中考查的习语与词汇、场景与人物、时间与数字、原因与结果、虚拟与转折等内容同样会在长对话中出现。长对话与短对话相比,信息量增大很多,短对话只针对一处信息点命题,而长对话命题点多且分散。
(3)命题顺序一般与原文一致
长对话一般是按照与原文相符的先后顺序进行命题的。这条命题原则对于考生来讲很重要,因为在听的过程中如能按顺序把某些选项中的关键词适当地“对号入座”,必要时再做一点笔记,就会增加对原文的理解程度,从而提高该部分的成绩。
2 解题攻略
(1)听到什么选什么原则
长对话部分一般只要听见了某个词语,并且在选项里面也出现了该词语,那么这个选项就极有可能是正确选项。这个原则对考查细节的题目比较实用。对于听不懂或者没有听清楚的词句,可以采用此技巧。
(2)中心内容原则
考生在听对话的时候,要把精力集中在说话人想要通过他的讲话传达什么样的信息或者阐明什么样的观点,而不是去想什么词没有听见,什么句子没有听懂,永远去关注说话人想说明的主要观点。
(3)问答原则
长对话中经常出现的问答的形式(即两个人对话时,其中一个人提问,另一个人对所提问的问题进行回答)是题眼。通常,对话中的问题往往成为问题的改写,回答的部分就是需要选的答案,因此考生要留心对话中的问句,学会在一问一答中把握考点。
(4)原因原则
原因在对话中常常会成为考试的焦点。因此,当对话中出现一些表示原因的标志词,如because, for, since, now that, so, consequently, therefore等时,考生要格外注意。
(5)but原则
这个原则非常简单,就是只要出现but,或者其他的转折连词,如however, although等,后面的内容往往就是考点。
(6)解释原则
有时候对话中会出现一些生僻的词或概念,如果这样的词或概念对理解整个对话没有影响,说话人是不会解释的,所以这个时候不需要对它多加注意,但是一旦说话人解释了,就说明它很可能对理解对话内容起到非常重要的作用,这时候,解释的内容就一定要仔细听,这极有可能就是题眼。
(7)建议原则
一般来讲,在对话中只要出现建议,建议就会是考点。实际上,这一原则不仅是在长对话中适用,在短对话中往往也是如此,所以只要是建议就要把它记住,而且考生在复习时要尽可能地熟悉各种各样的建议方式。
3 题型分析
长对话部分的常考题型可分为以下三类:
(1)细节识别题(听懂重要的或特定的细节)
长对话中细节题所占的比重最高,一篇长对话中通常会出现4个以上的细节题,有时甚至全为细节题。细节题涉及对话中一些具体的信息,比如人物的身份、年龄、姓名、电话、事情发生的地点、原因等。可能的提问方式如下:
Where does the conversation most probably take place?
When will the show begin?
How much is a child’s ticket?
How long does it take the man to…?
What gifts can children get from the library this year?
例: [2016年C类初赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1555373688.mp3
How much did Liz get as this year’s CNN Hero of the Year prize?
A. 25,000 dollars.
B. 50,000 dollars.
C. 100,000 dollars.
D. 125,000 dollars.
【录音原文】
W: It’s totally weird. You know I am, I am used to, like, walking around in jeans and T-shirts.
M: All of our heroes got 25,000 dollars, you got this year’s CNN Hero of the Year Award that’s an additional 100,000 dollars. Do you think what you plan to do with the money?
W: Oh, absolutely, we are rebuilding another ten families’homes, with that money, yeah, so it’s going right back into the community.
【解析】 根据录音可知,每位英雄都获得25000美元的奖金,而“CNN Hero of the Year Award that’s an additional 100,000 dollars(年度英雄奖会有额外的十万美元)”,因此Liz一共获得125000美元。因此选D项。
(2)推理判断题(推论隐含的意义)
推理试题的难度相对比较大,主要的提问方式有:
What can you infer from the conversation?
What might be the man’s attitude toward…
What does the man think about…
长对话部分对推理判断题的考查不是很多,该类试题主要考查考生的推理判断能力,考生应根据自己对对话内容的理解找出与对话意义相符的选择项,而不仅仅以词句是否与材料中听到的词句完全和部分相同而定。对于没有听懂的句子,可以根据已经获得的部分信息以及自己具备的一般常识来判断可能性较大的选项。
例: [2017年C类初赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1555449440.mp3
What is Robert’s attitude towards his collecting interest now?
A. He admits it is a rather tedious thing to do.
B. He feels it is a dedication he should continue.
C. He regrets having spent too much time on it.
D. He regards it merely as a personal hobby.
【录音原文】
W: Do you feel that your collecting is an obsession?
M: Er, I’m sure somewhat it is but I tend to find that I’m driven by this commitment that I’m saving the nation’s heritage, even though a lot of people think that the rubbish aspect is not really someone’s heritage. I have to put in a certain number of hours every day to save something which I think should be saved. You may have watched the Olympics and you see those people doing four or five hours training every day and I find that, I mean, that may be called an obsession but it’s really a dedication to a particular thing and I think I’m probably dedicated in that kind of way.
【解析】 Robert认为他的收藏“is really a dedication to a particular thing”,同时他认为“I’m driven by this commitment that I’m saving the nation’s heritage”即他认为他的收藏是一种“拯救这个国家的遗产”的奉献,他有必要一直做下去。故选B项。
(3)主旨大意题
常见的提问方式:
What is the conversation mainly about?
What are the two speakers talking about?
What does the conversation focus on?
What is the main topic of the conversation?
长对话中对主旨大意的考查不是很多,该部分是对整个对话内容的总结,属于难度较高的一类题目,因此考生仍需注意。长对话的主题句一般是出现在对话的开始部分,并且对话的主旨会通过对话场景体现在一些关键词中,考生应该注意把握。
例: [2012年B类决赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1556094536.mp3
What are the speakers discussing?
A. A trip to visit the Eskimos.
B. A trip the man has just taken
C. A camping trip they took.
【录音原文】
W: Hi, Jack. It’s good to see you again. Are you ready to get down to business again after the spring break?
M: Not really, but I guess I don’t really have too much choice, do I? And it’s going to be particularly hard to get back to work since I just had the most fantastic vacation ever.
W: Really? What did you do?
M: I went kayaking on the Klamath River.
W: Kayaking?
【解析】 本文主要围绕男士在假期的一次旅行经历go kayaking on the Klamath River展开,故选B项。
◆长对话(句子填空题)
1 试题特点
这类题型所考查的几乎都是录音里的细节,要求根据听到的信息,补全句子里的空缺,一般不需要做复杂的推理。
2 解题攻略
(1)解答此类题时,考生应严格地将思路限制在录音里所给的范围之内,切勿主观臆测。找题目中对应的中心词是此类题目解题的关键。通过中心词,去定位关键信息。
(2)预读题目,去预判句子中空缺单词的信息属性,如时间、数字、地点、人物、目的、原因、结果、对话场景等。
(3)答案一般是录音中提到的原词,但是题目中的句子一般不会是录音中的原句,而是通过对录音原文答题依据的句子进行同义转换、词性转换、思维角度转换等来实现差别。
例: [2022年C类初赛]
According to Rachel, supermarkets and politicians, advertisers and salespeople spend lots of money coming up with psychological tricks to ______ that people are open to manipulation.
【录音原文】
M: ... Hi, Rachel. Persuading people is big business, isn’t it? I mean supermarkets and politicians, advertisers, and salespeople. They all take it very seriously, don’t they?
W: Y es, they spend a lot of money coming up with psychological tricks to guarantee that even the most cautious among us are open to manipulation.
【解析】 题目中的中心词是tricks,从题目的信息可预判空缺单词应是及物动词,引导后面的宾语从句。
◆短新闻
1 试题特点
(1)新闻内容源自VOA、BBC等国外新闻广播;
(2)题材多样,主要为政治、经济、科技等方面的新闻,在人文、军事、体育、健康等方面也有所涉及;
(3)由于新闻语言本身的客观性,语音一般语气比较平稳,措辞不会带有个人色彩。
2 解题攻略
(1)听前预测
短新闻部分也可以进行听前预测,基本原则和对话的原则相同,即:
①把握时机,在听力开始宣读指令时预读题干和选项;
②纵向浏览选项,快速寻找选项的共同点和不同点;
③几个选项相结合,预测新闻的大意。
错误的选项也可以传递很多信息,因为它的出现,就是为了让考生加以选择,所以肯定有“真”的地方。考生要做的就是找出几个选项的共同点,这些点一般都是“真”的,可以让考生对新闻的大致内容有所了解。对于选项的不同点,在听的过程中要做到“去伪存真”。
(2)听时注意
①新闻的第一句一定要注意。因为这句往往是新闻的导语,会告知新闻的主要内容,而且往往是主旨类题目的答案出处。
②和题目相关的内容一定要注意。新闻听力题目的原文信息定位比较简单,关键是在听时一定要细心,这样才能有效排除干扰项。
③遇到听不懂的地方立刻跳过。新闻听力的语速较快,如果遇到一个不熟悉的单词或没听清楚的句子就开始想它的意思,往往会影响对下文的理解。所谓“一心不能二用”,绝不可以在听的同时回想上文的内容。要养成一个习惯,即遇到不太懂的地方不要停下来思考,专心听下去。对于新闻听力,这点尤为重要。
④忽略特殊难懂的人名地名。在新闻听力中,常常会遇到不太熟悉的人名或地名,但大部分情况下这些人名或地名不会对理解新闻内容造成影响。当然,重要的经常涉及的新闻人物及地名还是得熟悉一下。
⑤利用5W1H原则。新闻六要素(who, what, when, where, why, how),即通常说的“五个W和一个H”。听新闻必须捕捉这几个方面的信息,才能准确知道这则新闻究竟要传达的是什么内容。
3 题型分析
短新闻的基本题型可分为细节题、推断题和主旨题。
(1)细节题
和对话类题目类似,短新闻部分的题目也是以细节题为主,针对新闻的六要素(when, where, what, who, why, how)中的一个或几个进行提问。如:
①How long did the first Thanksgiving Day last?
②What is the purpose of American Jobs Act calling for cutting wage taxes?
③Why does the problem of debits debts affect a lot more nation than just the ones that are struggling with money?
④How much money can each child beggar earn a day for their minders?
⑤Why did Spain’s top footballers hold a strike?
回答细节题时,考生首先要根据题干的关键词汇认真听取对话中的相关部分,然后再进行选择。当录音中出现题干中的关键词或题干原话时,往往就是答案所在。
例: [2016年C类初赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1556214184.mp3
What is the title Geneva plans to regain?
A. City of Negotiation.
B. Peace Capital of the World.
C. UN European Headquarters.
D. Centre of Controlling Nuclear Weapons.
【录音原文】
The Swiss city of the Geneva is planning activities to regain the title of“Peace Capital of the World”. Geneva is home to the United Nations European headquarters. Many peace negotiations have taken place in the city. The United States and Soviet Union met there to talk about controlling nuclear weapons. Other talks included ways to end wars in Afghanistan and Lebanon. Talks to end those wars took place in Geneva throughout the 1990s. They were led by the United Nations.
【解析】 根据录音第一句“The Swiss city of the Geneva is planning activities to regain the title of‘Peace Capital of the World’”可知,日内瓦计划重获“世界和平之都”的称号。因此选B项。
(2)主旨题
相比长对话部分,短新闻部分的主旨题略多。短新闻的主旨题一般情况下答案都出自新闻的首句或前几句,即新闻导语,所以考生对新闻的开头部分要特别注意。
例: [2017年C类初赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1556284607.mp3
Which accident was reported in the news?
A. A parade stampede.
B. A series of car crashes.
C. Fireworks explosions.
D. Terrorist bombings.
【录音原文】
The authorities in Mexico have identified 13 of the 31 people killed in a series of explosions in the country’s biggest fireworks market on Tuesday. The Mexico state prosecutor said some were so badly charred that neither their age nor the gender could immediately be determined.
【解析】 新闻开头提及有13人死于“a series of explosions in the country’s biggest fireworks market”,他们死于烟花厂的爆炸事件。故选C项。
(3)推断题
推断题在短新闻题目中所占的比例很小,该类题目需要对某个事实细节进行推断。该类题能力要求较高,原文不会直接给出答案,必须在听懂的前提下才能做出准确的推断。
例: [2017年C类初赛]
视频教学网址: https://appfileoss-tw.100xuexi.com/Upload/100eshu/Medias/2024/01/15/1556494806.mp3
What is the effect of shift work on people’s mind according to the study?
A. Three thousand shift workers died during the past two years.
B. Doing shift work for years running makes people ageing faster.
C. Mind injuries brought by shift work are impossible to recover.
D. Less than five years’shift work does no harm to people’s mind.
【录音原文】
The damaging effects of shift work on the body are well known. This study shows the impact on the mind as well. Three thousand people performed tests of memory and speed of thought. Those with more than ten years of shift work under their belts had the same results as those who didn’t do shifts but were six-and-a-half years older. The good news is that when people in the study stopped shift work their brains did recover, although it took five years.
【解析】 新闻提到轮班工作超过十年的测试者与有相同测试结果的非轮班工作测试者相比“were six-and-a-half years older”,由此可知轮班工作会加速人的衰老。故选B项。
◆独白
1 试题特点
(1)题材
独白由一段中篇叙述性音频构成,内容以演讲、描述性语篇为主。
(2)综合性
独白是一种综合性的测试手段,它全面测试了考生的语音、词汇量、语法以及记笔记等能力。
(3)难度较高
考生需要在听懂的基础上对录音内容进行提炼、归纳总结,从而得出符合字数的答案。
2 解题攻略
(1)听前利用间隙浏览问题
在录音播放前,尽快浏览文章已经给出的问题,从有限的题目信息中寻找线索和听音重点,这样可以在听录音时具有针对性和有效性。
(2)利用速记法
边听边记,快速填写。在很短的时间里要写下听到的单词或词组,同时要保证拼写正确,而且还要跟上后面的听力内容,确实有很大的难度。因此考生要尽量运用速记法,以便能做到事半功倍。考生可以先写出某个单词的前几个字母,回头再逐一补全。
参考词汇:
knowl=knowledge
acti=activities
lit=literature
his=history
poli=politics
b=book
j=journal
desc=description
st=students
immed=immediately
irr=irrelevant
import=important
coher=coherently
devel=development
edu=educatioin
explan=explanation
conversa=conversation
prepar=preparation
Q=question
(3)利用转换技巧
如果录音中原话不能直接作为答案,可以通过对录音原文答题依据的句子进行同义转换、词性转换、思维角度转换等来实现符合字数的答案。考生应根据题目给出的提示信息找出听音重点,在听懂的基础上去做题,回答问题时只答出要点即可。所填答案一般是录音中提到过的单词,有些则需要考生根据语意、字数要求、语法规则去填写录音中没提到过的单词。
◆摘要填空
1 试题特点
(1)综合性
与听写一样,摘要填空也是一种综合性的测试手段,它全面测试了考生的语音、词汇量、语法以及记笔记等能力。
(2)难度较高
相对复合式听写,摘要填空难度要更大一些。复合式听写时,考生可以根据空缺明确定位需要的单词在何时会读到,而在摘要填空时,考生只能看到文章大意,需要在听懂的基础上准确捕捉空缺处信息。
2 解题攻略
除了上面提及的复合式听写的解题攻略之外,摘要填空题还需要注意一点,要及时在复合式听写解题模式下出来,不要按摘要中给的句子去听答案,因为摘要中句子在录音原文中很难找到原话,摘要是通过对录音原文答题依据的句子进行同义转换、词性转换、思维角度转换等来实现差别。考生应根据摘要中每个句子给出的提示信息找出听音重点,在听懂的基础上去做题。所填答案一般是录音中提到过的单词,有些则需要考生根据语意、字数要求、语法规则去填写录音中没提到过的单词。
例1: [2017年C类初赛]
We need to (30) _______ our use of lighting to save ourselves from the pollution.
【录音原文】 We should try to turn the lights down to save the Earth and its creatures from this pollution.
【解析】 录音中turn the lights down指“把光线调低,把灯光调暗”,也就是减少灯光的使用,所以此处填reduce。此处答案需要考生根据意思自己总结答案。
例2: [2012年A类决赛]
A man suspected of a jewelry store _______ was arrested. He tried to find himself the alibi by saying he had committed another crime somewhere else.
【录音原文】
In Belgium, a man who was suspected of robbing a jewelry store was tracked down and captured by the police.
【解析】 robbery(词性转换,非谓语动词转为名词)
◆平时备考
为了提高听力效果,考生应在听力训练和复习中有意识地注意以下几个方面的训练:
1 通过“读”帮助“听”,努力扩大知识面
听力部分的内容取材广泛,几乎覆盖生活的各个方面。对现实生活各个领域的词汇都略知一二是听懂的基础,对于短新闻类题目尤其适用,新闻作为一种语言测试题型也是语言在现实生活中真实运用的体现。所以考生在平时的学习中要多读多听,不断积累各个方面的知识和词汇,尤其是实事政治词汇。
2 掌握正确的语音
掌握正确的语音是提高英语听力能力的重要基础。学习者有必要对音标、字母组合、发音规则等进行系统的复习,不断提高对语音的辨别能力和敏感程度。只有熟练地掌握了这些基础知识,才能逐步过渡到句子、段落以至于整篇文章的理解。
3 扩大词汇量
扩大词汇量,熟记新闻报道中的常用词汇。虽然英语新闻广播所使用的词汇量很大,但其中的常用词比较稳定,且重复率较高。如VOA广播中的Special English节目要求的常用词汇约为1500个,如果能熟练掌握这些词汇,听懂Special English就不是问题。
4 加强储存记忆(memory span)
做到这一点需要按意群捕捉讲述的内容,不要一字一字地听,而要抓住关键词或句。听完一段不可能一字一句地回忆,而要建立整体概念。
5 加强及时反应(immediate recall)
只有当你建立了整体概念,才能达到立即回忆。
6 做简短笔记(brief note-taking)
在听较长材料时,用缩写或自己能看懂的点、线或其他标记做些快速记录,如:数字、地点、人名或其他关键词语等。
7 多做听写和记笔记训练(dictating & note-taking)
这种练习有助于储存记忆,训练快速抓住关键词或句,以及中心思想的能力。
8 精听与泛听(intensive & extensive listening)
同一段内容反复听若干次,这样有助于增加记忆的持续时间;听不同内容的材料,有助于增加听各种不同声音、口音及语速的经验。前者属于精听,后者为泛听,两者应有机结合起来。
9 训练听与寻找答案同时进行(looking for the right answer while listening)
在听的同时迅速浏览各项选择,只需细看各项选择的不同部分,而相同的部分只看第一个即可,这样可以节省时间以便多做思考。当然,如果能巧妙地利用每一部分考题的空隙快速浏览一下所要做的习题的选择项,那是再好不过了。因此,特别要提醒考生的一个诀窍就是:当听力理解的每一部分开始放音时,总要有一长段的题目指令(Instructions)与例题(Sample),考生可以不必去听它,因为听与不听根本不会影响你后面的答题。利用这一段时间,大致推测一下录音内容大有益处。望考生千万不要错过这个时机。
10 必须防止两种情况的发生
一是精神过度紧张;二是注意力长时间的滞留。要学会控制自己的注意力,尽量不使其长时间地滞留或努力缩短其滞留时间,而迅速再度集中注意力听下面的内容。
总之,听力的提高固然与个人的语音水平有关,但更重要的还必须通过大量的听的实践来提高。客观地讲,提高英语听力水平没有捷径可走,多听是唯一的办法。所谓“技巧”都是在英语新闻听力训练的过程中根据自己的实践总结的经验,任何“技巧”都代替不了“听”本身。所以,要想提高英语听力水平,一定要养成经常听英语的习惯。