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【知识精要】
比较结构是指运用形容词和副词的级别，对两种或两种以上的事物进行比较的短语结构。根据比较级别可以分为三类：原级as…as、比较级more…than、最高级the most。
基本形式： as＋adj./adv.原级＋as
否定形式： not so(as)＋adj./adv.原级＋as
例： ①Jane is as tall as Jessica.简和杰西卡一样高。
②I write as carefully as Tomdid.我和汤姆写的一样认真。
③Jane’s hair is not so long asJessica’s. 简的头发没有杰西卡的长。
④I went to school not so earlyas Tom did. 我去学校没有汤姆早。
原级的扩展形式包括以下几种：
1．as＋many/much＋n.＋as
例： ①I have as many books as he does.
我的书和他的一样多。
②She earns as much money as hersister does.
她和她姐姐挣的钱一样多。
2．as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as
例： He is as efficient a worker as Jack.
他和杰克是工作效率同样高的人。
3．否定形式：A is not so much a/an B as (A is) a C与其说A是B，不如说A是C
例： He killed many innocent people. Therefore, he was not so much a heroas a killer.
他杀了许多无辜百姓。所以与其说他是英雄，不如说他是杀人犯。
4．A is as＋adj.(1) as A is＋adj. (2) 主语相同，比较项目不同
例： Jane is as brilliant as she is beautiful. 简既漂亮又聪颖。
5．带有修饰语的as…as…结构
almost/ exactly/nearly/ just/ quite/ not/ not half/ half/ twice/ three times＋as＋adj./adv.＋as
例： ①My little sister is just half astall as I. 我妹妹只有我一半高。
②I am twice as tall as my littlesister. 我比我妹妹高一倍。
③I don’t eat half as much as hedoes. 我吃的还没他的一半。
④I work twice as hard as hedoes. 我工作要比他努力双倍。
基本形式： adj./adv.比较级＋than
否定形式： not so/as＋adj./adv.原级＋as
less…than
例： ①Jane is taller than Jessica. 简比杰西卡要高。
②I drove more carefully than Tomdid. 我比汤姆驾车要细心。
③Jane is not as tall as Jessica.简没有杰西卡高。
④I drove not so carefully as Tomdid. 我驾车没有汤姆细心。
比较级的扩展形式包括以下几种：
1．more/less/fewer＋n.＋than
例： He makes more money in a month than I do in a year. 他一个月赚的钱比我一年赚的还要多。
2．A is＋a/an…er/more＋adj.原级＋n.＋than B.
例： ①Jane is a more beautiful girl thanJessica. 简比杰西卡漂亮。
＝Jane is a girl more beautiful than Jessica.
②Tom has a larger house thanmine. 汤姆的房子比我的大。
＝Tom’s house is a house larger than mine.
3．A is more＋adj. (1)＋(a/an＋n.)＋than＋adj. (2). 与其说A (2)，不如说A(1)
例： Jane is more beautiful than clever. 与其说简聪明，不如说她漂亮。
4．带有修饰语的more…than…结构
A is＋a little, a bit, a lot, even,far, many, much, rather, slightly, twice, three times＋adj.比较级＋than B或Ado B＋副词修饰语＋adv.比较级＋than C.
例： ①There are many more students in ourclass than in theirs. 我们班的学生比他们的多。
②He makes three times more moneythan me. 他挣得钱比我的多三倍。
基本形式： the most＋比较范围，用于三个或三个以上的事物进行比较。
例： ①Jane is the most beautiful in ourclass. 简是我们班最漂亮的。
②Jane is the highest of her sisters.简是姐妹中最高的。
③Tom works (the) hardiest in ourclass. 汤姆在我们班学习最努力。
④This is the strangest thing Ihave ever met. 这是我见过的最奇怪的东西。
最高级的扩展形式包括以下几种：
1．the most/fewest/least＋n.，表示最多/最少的什么东西
例： ①Which province in our countryproduces the most coal? 我们国家哪个省产煤最多？
②I have the fewest books in ourhome. 在我们家我的书最少。
③Tom caught the least fish amonghis mates. 汤姆在他的伙伴中捉到的鱼最少。
2．最高级the most…也可用比较级more… than来表示。例：
例： Tom is taller than any other boy in his class. 汤姆比班里的其他男孩都高。
3．有时最高级并不表示与其他事物相比较。
例： Please accept my deepest gratitude. 请接受我最深的祝福。
有时比较结构并不表示对比，而有其它特殊的用法和形式。
1．more than 固定连用，表示的意义如下：
(1) more than＋adj. 非常，很
例： I was more than happy to meet you. 见到你我很高兴。
(2) more than＋n. 不仅仅
例： He is more than a teacher to me. 他对于我不仅仅是个老师。
(3) more than＋句子表否定“超出，难以”
例： The quantity of the stars is more than I can imagine. 星星多的没法想象。
2．no＋adj./adv.比较级＋than两者都不怎么样。
例： ①Jane is no more brilliant thanJessica. 简和杰西卡都不聪明。
②Tom plays no better than John. 汤姆和约翰打球打得都不好。
3．no more＋a/an＋n.＋than两者都不是
例： Mary is no more a writer than a painter. 玛丽既不是作家也不是画家。
4．no more than仅仅、最多只有（强调少）；no less than多达；至少（强调多）
例： ①There are no more than 20 apples onthe tree. 树上最多只有三十个苹果。
②No less than 1000 peoplewatched the launch of the satellite. 多达1000人观看了火箭的发射。
5．not more than不多于；not less than不少于（不强调多少）
例： His son has read not less than 100 English books. 他儿子读了至少100本英文书。
6．the more…, the more… 越…，就越…
例： ①The more food you eat, the moreweight you gain. 吃得越多，长得越重。
②The earlier you set off, theearlier you arrive. 越早出发，越早到达。
【专项练习】
1．Whenspring comes, ______（白天变长，夜晚变短）.
2．Theexperimental result was ______（和上一次都不令人满意）.
3．______（这是目前最具有教育意义的电影）I have everseen.
4．Thissubstance reacts ______（反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍）.
5．WhenColumbus reached the New World, ______（玉米是美洲生长最为广泛的植物）.
6．Tomdoesn’t think that ______（这里的经济形势和他家乡的经济形势一样好）.
7．For 50years they were able to produce and ______（销售比其他国家便宜的产品）and this gave them a considerable advantage in world trade.
8．Theydesigned ______（一个只有火柴盒大小的模型）.
9．Somehistorians believe that John Jay could have played______（像总统一样重要的角色）inAmerica’s history.
10．Smoking is so harmful to personal healththat ______（它杀死的人比汽车事故多七倍）each year.
11．Theindoor swimming pool seems to be great more ______（与其说是必要的不如说是奢侈的）.
12．Theexperiment requires ______（比已经投入的更多的钱）.
13．Thetrumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ______（倒不如说烦他没吹号的天分）.
14．Intellectis to the mind ______（犹如视力对于身体一样）.
15．Changingfashions are ______（无异于蓄意制造浪费）.
【答案与解析】
1．[答案] days get longer andnights shorter
[解析] 考查比较级以及省略。
2．[答案] no more satisfactory than the last one
[解析]“no＋adj./adv.比较级＋than”表示两者都不怎么样，所以此处可译为no more satisfactory than the last one。
3．[答案] It is by far the most instructive film
[解析] 考查最高级的表达。“最具有教育意义的”用the most instructive表示。
4．[答案] three times as fast as that one/ reacts twice faster than that one
[解析]“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词原形＋as＋B”或“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大（长、高、宽等）多少倍”。
5．[答案] corn was the most widely grown plant in the America
[解析] 考查最高级的表达。“最广泛种植的植物”即the most widely grown plant；“在美洲”即in the America。
6．[答案] the economic situation here is as good as his hometown’s
[解析] ①“经济形势”可译为economic situation；②“和…一样好”as good as；③“他家乡的经济形势”即hishometown’s economic situation，由于前面已出现了economic situation，所以可省略。
7．[答案] sell goods more cheaply than other countries
[解析] 考查比较级的用法。“比…便宜”more cheaply than...。
8．[答案] a model no bigger than a matchbox
[解析] no＋比较级＋than表示“和…一样不…”，所以no bigger than a matchbox意为“和火柴盒一样不大”，即只有火柴盒那么大。
9．[答案] as important a role as the president
[解析] as…as结构表“与某人一样…”时，名词与形容词排序应遵照“as＋形容词/副词＋名词＋as”结构。
10．[答案] it kills seven times more people than automobile accidents
[解析]“比…多七倍”seven times more…than…，所以“比汽车事故多七倍的人”可译为 seven times more people thanautomobile accidents。
11．[答案] luxurious than to benecessary
[解析]“more＋形容词1＋than＋形容词2”表示“与其说是…，不如说是…”；than 引导的比较状语从句中为避免重复，一般省略主语the indoorswimming pool。
12．[答案] more money than hasbeen put in
[解析]考查“more...than”结构，than引导的从句中省略了的主语应该是 money，因此谓语动词要用第三人称单数且用被动语态；“投入”用put in。
13．[答案] so much as by his lackof talent
[解析]考查“not…so much as”句型，表示“与其说是，倒不如说是”；“没有”用lack of表示；“天分”可用talent或genius。
14．[答案] what sight is to thebody
[解析]考查“A is to B what C is to D”结构，表示A对于B就如C对于D一样；“视力”是sight。
15．[答案] nothing more than theintentional creation of waste
[解析]“nothing more than”表示“不强于、与…一模一样”；“蓄意的”是intentional；“制造”用creation表示。