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China’s intelligent control industry started late. It began to develop in the 1990s. The development of the early intelligent control industry is relatively scattered, mainly relying on the downstream subdivision industry. From the year 2001 to 2010, with the increasing demand of end users for automation and intelligence, the technical difficulty and production cost of intelligent control were rising, and intelligent control technology had gradually become a professional, independent and personalized technology field, and the domestic intelligent control industry began to enter the stage of large-scale production. Since 2011,the demand from the downstream market for high-end intelligent control has continued to grow, and the intelligent control has been in rapid development, but also entering the industrial upgrading period. At present, intelligent control is widely used in automotive electronics, household appliances, power tools and many other fields, and gradually used in smart homes, Internet of Things, new energy vehicles, etc. Moreover, the existing terminal products are updated faster and faster from single function to multi-functional intelligent terminal products. The technology and adaptability of intelligent control continue to improve. It is predicted that the compound growth of intelligent control industry in China will be 12.5% from 2021 to 2026, and the market size in China will be close to 5 trillion RMB in 2026.
我国智能控制行业起步较晚，20 世纪 90 年代起智能控制市场开始发展。早期智能控制行业发展比较分散，主要依附于下游细分产业。2001—2010 年，随着终端用户对自动化和智能化的需求不断提高，智能控制产品的技术难度和生产成本不断上升，智能控制技术逐步成为一个专业化、独立化和个性化的技术领域，国内智能控制行业开始步入规模化生产阶段。2011 年至今，下游市场对高端智能控制需求不断增长，智能控制行业在快速发展的同时，也进入了产业升级期。目前，智能控制广泛应用于汽车电子、家用电器、电动工具等众多领域，并逐渐运用于智能家居、物联网、新能源汽车等领域。此外，现有终端产品更新换代越来越快，从单一功能产品不断创新升级为多功能智能化终端产品，智能控制技术及适用性不断提高。预测 2021—2026 年我国智能控制行业复合增长率为 12.5％，国内智能控制行业市场规模在 2026 年将接近 5 万亿元。
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Look at the pictures below and match them with the proper words.
1
2
3
4
5
6
unmanned vehicle
unmanned aircraft
speech recognition
intelligent transportation
system
medical robot
smart appliance
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
Discuss with your partner what other fields intelligent control applies to.
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Intelligent control is the control method that mimics human intelligence when it comes to learning, decision-making, and problem solving. Human beings can experience, learn, adapt, and change their methods of approaching and solving problems. Computer engineers are looking for a way to recreate that natural intelligence with artificial intelligence. Practical applications for this control method are aimed toward a variety of fields that include computer technology, military applications, aeronautic applications, and robotics.
Although there are already many artificial intelligence approaches like neural networks,genetic algorithms, and Bayesian probability, the field of intelligent control is still developing and creating more control methods. Intelligent control is supported by computer science,mathematics, operations research, and control theory, while it also gets ideas from the life sciences. The most widely known control techniques, however, are neural networks and Bayesian probability.
Bayesian probability is also known as probability interpretations. This control method uses math algorithms to learn the issue and then apply the math solving. Neural networks use system identification and control theory to function. It is applied in speech recognition, image analysis,and adaptive control. Perhaps the most well-known application is the Xbox ® Kinect TM , a console game hardware that uses video and audio sensors to make users interact with a game by using their physical actions.
There is an increasing need for more advanced intelligent control in commercial, military,and industrial applications. Problems in these fields will always crop up, hence the need for self organizing/learning control that can deal with these problems is on their own. A good example of a practical application of intelligent control is unmanned aeronautical navigation, where unmanned aircraft learn to identify objects and to avoid them.
The most sought after application of intelligent control in these fields is robotics and artificial intelligence. Robots are pre-programmed with their own programming, thus scientists and researchers are looking for a more viable control method than what is currently available. The future of the field of robotics has already been explored in science fiction, but the present is still trying to get a working artificial intelligence that will not rely on pre-programmed instructions. A prime example of robotics and artificial intelligence that uses intelligent control is the child-robot with a biomimetic body (CB2), an android that learns through its sensors and programming to function just like a human child can develop. It also records emotional expressions and matches them with physical sensations.
adapt /əˈdæpt/ v. （使）适应；改编
aeronautic /ˌeərə'nɔːtɪk/ adj. 航空的
algorithm /ˈælɡərɪðəm/ n. （计）（数）算法；运算法则
application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 应用；申请；应用程序
approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ vt. 处理；临近 n. 方法；接近
artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 人造的；人工的
biomimetic /ˌbaɪəʊmɪˈmetɪk/ adj. 仿生的；生物模拟的
console /ˈkɒnsəʊl/ n. （计）控制台；（电）操纵台
genetic /dʒəˈnetɪk/ adj. 遗传的；基因的
identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ vt. 确定；鉴定；识别
identification /aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 鉴定；识别；认同；身份证明
interpretation /ɪnˌtɜːprɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 解释；翻译
intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ adj. 智能的；聪明的
issue /ˈɪʃuː/ n. 问题；发行物
military /ˈmɪlətri/ n. 军队；军人
mimic /ˈmɪmɪk/ vt. 模仿；摹拟
navigation /ˌnævɪˈɡeɪʃn/ n. 航行；航海
neural /ˈnjʊərəl/ adj. 神经的；神经系统的
prime /praɪm/ adj. 主要的；首选的
recognition /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/ n. 识别；承认；认出
recreate /ˌriːkriˈeɪt/ vt. 再创造
robotics /rəʊˈbɒtɪks/ n. 机器人学；机器人（ robotic 的复数）
theory /ˈθɪəri/ n. 理论；原理
unmanned /ˌʌnˈmænd/ adj. 自控的；无人操纵的
viable /ˈvaɪəbl/ adj. 可行的
come to 想起；共计
look for 寻找；寻求
a variety of 各种各样的
apply to 适用于；应用于
interact with 与……相互作用；相互沟通
crop up 突然出现
deal with 处理；涉及；对付
rely on 依靠；依赖
match with 使……相匹配
1. Intelligent control is the control method that mimics human intelligence when it comes to learning, decision-making, and problem solving.
智能控制是一种在学习、决策和解决问题方面模仿人类智力的控制方法。这句话是主系表结构。Intelligent control是主语，is是be动词，也是连系动词，the control method是表语。that引导的是定语从句，指代前面的the control method, 并在定语从句中充当主语。
2. This control method uses math algorithms to learn the issue and then apply the math to solving a problem.
此控制方法使用数学算法来了解问题，然后应用数学来解决问题。
use something to do something 使用某物来做某事； apply something to (doing) something 把……运 用于……， to 是介词，后面跟名词或动名词。 apply to doing something 运用于做某事。
Fill in the blanks according to Text A.
1. What is intelligent control?
Intelligent control is the control method that______ human intelligence when it comes to______,______, and______.
2. What supports intelligent control nowadays?
Intelligent control is supported by_____,______,______,and control theory, while it also gets ideas from the life sciences.
3. How does Bayesian probability work?
Bayesian probability is also known as______, which uses math algorithms to learn the issue and then apply the math to solving a problem.
4. Why do we still need more advanced intelligent control in commercial, military, and industrial applications?
Because the problems in these fields will always crop up, thus the need for______ control that can deal with these problems on their own.
5. Which field is more widely known for the application of intelligent control?
The fields of ______and______ are more widely known for the application of intelligent control.
Choose the correct word to complete the following sentences.
approach artifcial military mimic intelligent technique
1. The_____training in the freshman year impressed me deeply.
2. The lid of the box had been inlaid with some______pearls.
3. Now it’s very popular to apply modern______to a traditional craft.
4. Tom______his uncle’s voice and gestures perfectly.
5. A new_____to language teaching has turned up.
6. Mary is a very bright and_____woman who knows what she really wants.
Choose the correct word to complete the following sentences.
Change the form where necessary.
1. apply application
a. This is a new invention that will have a variety of______ in industry.
b. You’d better______for the post immediately.
2. identify identification
a. Can you______ your umbrella among this lot?
b. The______ of the accident victims took some time.
3. interpret interpretation
a. I didn’t know whether to______her silence as acceptance or refusal.
b. The expert gives the data a very different______.
Match the words in Column A with the appropriate definitions in Column B.
Choose the correct phrase to complete the following sentences.
Change the form where necessary.
a variety of apply to interact with crop up deal with rely on
1. The ants______the plants for shelter and food, while the plants need the ants to sow and spread their seeds.
2. Internet can provide people with______information and resources.
3. You need to______others in order to make friends.
4. These regulations______everyone, without exception.
5. Did something unexpected______?
6. He has some unfinished business to______.
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Since the first modern car was invented in 1885, the automotive industry has never seen changes as great as it is experiencing now: cars are becoming smart, Internet-connected and even autonomous.
And the changes are driving into our lives faster than many would imagine. From 2022 onward, for instance, all cars sold in China, the United States and Europe will be connected to the Internet.
A report predicts that, because of lower production costs and more charging facilities, electric cars will start to surge in number from 2025 and around 2027, highly or even fully autonomous cars will become part of most people’s daily lives.
Connectivity means those cars will allow owners to do more things and make lives much easier.
Imagine one day, if your family member needs to use the car, but the key is in your hands,then you can send the access authorization to your family member’s mobile phone over the air.
If one day, a courier wants to deliver a parcel but you are not home, then you can send one-time access to the trunk of your vehicle to the courier’s smartphone, which will be very convenient.
But connectivity’s benefits do not stop there. The connectivity could also provide drivers with the advised speed for reaching the next intersection when the traffic light is green, help improve traffic flow and reduce congestion. Connectivity is key to GM’s vision of zero crashes and zero congestion because of its potential to improve safety and reduce congestion.
In addition to Internet access, cars themselves are getting smarter. Some models in Geely Auto can have dialogues with drivers and passengers. They can recite poems, and they understand and speak dialects.
The carmaker has launched a technology brand, called iNTEC, which was designed around a“humanized intelligent drive”concept with technologies developed to give occupants a greater level of safety and convenience. As intelligent technologies mature, this will ultimately lead to truly autonomous vehicles.
Smart, connected vehicles are something relatively new, and no country is so far a clear leader in the sector. But China has listed intelligence and connectivity as key pillars in the development of its automotive industry, which is likely to give the country a head start.
The Chinese government set a goal to build a globally competitive automotive industry within 10 years, with smart and connected cars taking the lead worldwide.
China has also built an industry alliance of such cars, which so far has around 100 members,including both carmakers such as Geely and Internet companies including Baidu Inc.
Although it will take some time for fully autonomous cars to hit the road, many carmakers are already producing electrified cars.
Electric mobility will be one of the biggest gamechangers in the decades to come. And China clearly intends to lead the way; it is already the world’s largest new energy car market. The carmaker has set out a plan to deliver 400,000 new energy vehicles to customers in 2020 and 1.5 million new energy vehicles—most of them pure battery cars—in 2025.
access /ˈækses/ n. 通道；进入；机会
alliance /əˈlaɪəns/ n. 联盟；联合
authorization /ˌɔːθəraɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 授权；认可
automotive /ˌɔːtəˈməʊtɪv/ adj. 汽车的；自动的
autonomous /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ adj. 自治的；自主的
charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ v. （使）充电
congestion /kənˈdʒestʃən/ n. 拥挤；拥塞
concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. 观念；概念
connectivity /ˌkɒnekˈtɪvɪti/ n. 连通（性）
courier /ˈkʊriə(r)/ n. 送快信的人
crash /kræʃ/ n. 撞车
dialect /ˈdaɪəlekt/ n. 方言
electrify /ɪˈlektrɪfaɪ/ vt. 使电气化；使充电
facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. 设施；设备
humanized /ˈhjuːmənaɪzd/ adj. 人性化的
intersection /ˌɪntəˈsekʃn/ n. 交叉；十字路口
launch /lɔːntʃ/ vt. 发射；发起
mature /məˈtʃʊə(r)/ v. 成熟；使……成熟
mobility /məʊˈbɪləti/ n. 移动性；机动性
occupant /ˈɒkjəpənt/ n. 居住者；占有者
onward /ˈɒnwəd/ adv. 向前
parcel /ˈpɑːsl/ n. 包裹
pillar /ˈpɪlə(r)/ n. 柱子；栋梁
predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ vt. 预言；预知
pure /pjʊə(r)/ adj. 纯粹的；纯洁的
recite /rɪˈsaɪt/ vt. 背诵；叙述；列举
reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt. 减少；降低
smart /smɑːt/ adj. 聪明的；巧妙的
surge /sɜːdʒ/ v. 汹涌；蜂拥而来
trunk /trʌŋk/ n. （汽车后部的）行李箱
access to 接近；有权使用；通向……的入口
lead to 导致；通向
so far 到目前为止；迄今为止
be likely to 倾向于；很有可能
intend to 打算做……；想要……
set out 出发；开始工作；展开任务
over the air 用无线电
key pillar 关键支柱
a head start 有利的开端；先行一步的优势
set a goal 制定目标
take the lead 带头
hit the road 上路；出发
1. The carmaker has launched a technology brand, called iNTEC, which was designed around a“humanized intelligent drive”concept with technologies developed to give occupants a greater level of safety and convenience.
汽车制造商推出了一个名为 iNTEC 的技术品牌，该品牌围绕“人性化智能驱动”概念设计，其 开发技术为购买者提供更高水平的安全性和便利性。
called 是过去分词做定语，修饰 a technology brand。which 引导定语从句，作从句中的主语，指 iNTEC 该品牌。
2. China has listed intelligence and connectivity as key pillars in the development of its automotive industry, which is likely to give the country a head start.
中国已将智能和连通性列为其汽车工业发展的关键支柱，这很可能给中国一个领先的开始。
list... as 意为“把……列为……”。 which 引导定语从句，指代前面整个句子的意思。
Fill in the blanks according to Text B.
Since the first modern car was invented, the automotive industry has changed quickly.Cars are becoming______,______and even______. And the changes make people's lives much faster. From 2022 onward, all cars sold in China, the United States and Europe will be connected to the internet, which also means those cars will allow owners to do more things and make their lives much easier. Such as, you can send the access______to your family member's mobile phone if your family member wants to use the car without the key; It could provide drivers ______for reaching the next intersection; Some smart cars can______drivers and passengers, recite poems, and understand and speak______.
China has listed intelligence and connectivity as_____in the development of its automotive industry. The Chinese government set a goal to build a globally _____automotive industry within 10 years. China has also built________of such cars, which so far has around 100 members. China clearly intends to lead the way; it is already the world's largest new energy car market.
Choose the correct word to complete the following sentences.
charge surge launch deliver reduce predict
1. As batteries’storage capacity goes up in the future, the_____time comes down.
2. The new model will be______in July.
3. Weather forecasts______more hot weather, gusty winds, and lightning strikes.
4. Walmart recently reported the best results, leading its stock price to_____.
5. He was advised to______his alcohol consumption.
6. We have a full load of goods that need to be_____.
Choose the correct word to complete the following sentences.
Change the form where necessary.
1.connect connective connectivity
a. The architecture of the internet was designed to promote_____.
b. Experts can______it to their experience.
c. Crime and moral exist in a______form of both contact and contradiction.
2.congest congestive congestion
a. Lowering high blood pressure still prevents ______heart failure.
b. He promised to clear the city’s ______roads.
c. The plan should ease traffic ______in the town.
3.compete competitive competition
a. We have to learn to cooperate and_____.
b. He was asked to judge a literary_____.
c. I want to discuss how to make a traditional company more_____.
Match the words in Column A with the appropriate definitions in Column B.
Choose the correct phrase to complete the following sentences.
Change the form where necessary.
access to lead to so far be likely to intend to set out
1. Park illegally, and you______be fined.
2. You need a password to get______the computer system.
3. How many driving lessons have you had______.
4. We gathered at the foot of the hill and______to the peak.
5.I______continue finishing the job.
6. Technological changes will inevitably ______unemployment.
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A.
In English, the suffix
-ship
can be added to some nouns to form nouns, meaning“state of
being; status; proficiency as; skill”.
在英语中，后缀 -ship 可以加在一些名词之后构成名词，意为“状态；地位；技能；技巧”。
friend ( n. )＋ -ship → friendship ( n. )
owner ( n. )＋ -ship → ownership ( n. )
Write out the nouns derived from the following nouns and fill in the blanks in the sentences below with them. （写出由下列各词派生出的名词，并根据句意填写相关的词语。）
1. Her_____is excellent.
2. His_____inspired the team during the crisis.
3. He praised the two leaders warmly for their_____.
4. He didn’t want his wife to know of the_____.
5. He has accepted a research_____at Stanford University.
6. I want to take advantage of your lifetime of_____.
B.
In English, the suffix
-hood
can be added to some nouns and adjectives to form nouns,
meaning“state of condition of; group of”.
在英语中，后缀 -hood 可以加在一些名词和形容词之后构成名词，意为“……的状态或状况；……的集体”。
child ( n. )＋ -hood → childhood ( n. )
false ( adj. )＋ -hood → falsehood ( n. )
Write out the nouns derived from the following noums and adjectives and fill in the blanks in the sentences below with them. （写出由下列名词和形容词派生出的名词，并根据句意填写相关的词语。）
1. Should the General Synod vote women into the_____.
2. The_____of infection is minimal.
3. It is sometimes difficult to disentangle( 分清 ) truth from_____.
4. If he doesn’t get it there, he tries to get his_____affirmed in dozens of other ways.
5. I will answer your questions about_____and what being a new dad is all about.
6. They live and work together in complete equality and_____.