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3.2 主谓半倒装

正常语序的句子都是“主语(Subject)+谓语动词(Verb)”,即SV句式。倒装语序的句子则是“助动词(Auxiliary Verb)+主语+实义动词(Lexical Verb)(VSV)”或者“谓语动词+主语(VS)”,前者是 半倒装 (如下面a句),后者是 全倒装 (如下面b句)。

a. Has the teacher arrived? (老师到了吗?)

b. Here comes the teacher. (老师来了。)

a句是 VSV倒装结构 ,b句是 VS倒装结构 。在英文中,有各种不同的原因会要求句子采用半倒装或全倒装。比如一般疑问句(如a句)就是半倒装句式。因此,我们需要总结出具体有哪些半倒装及全倒装句式。本节内容安排如下:

3.2.1与句首否定词有关的倒装

3.2.2与句首only有关的倒装

3.2.3 so和as倒装句(“也”)

3.2.4 nor和neither倒装句(“也不”)

3.2.5 so … that主句倒装

3.2.6虚拟条件从句的倒装

3.2.7比较状语从句的倒装

3.2.8让步状语从句的倒装

3.2.1与句首否定词有关的倒装

句首出现各种否定词,比如not、never、nowhere、hardly等等,则句子一般要采用半倒装。下面我们先来看较难的nowhere倒装句。

3.2.1.1 nowhere倒装句:否定比较句及其倒装

请看下面考研真题例句:

真题 The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits .” (2009年Text 4)

解析 画线这句话有难度,我们把它单独提出来分析。

a. Nowhere else in colonial America was “so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.”

这句话融合了 否定倒装、否定比较句和省略句 ,写完整是:

b. Nowhere else in colonial America was “ so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits as in New England.

可见,这里暗含了nowhere … so … as 否定比较句(类似not … as/so … as比较句), 省略了比较连词as及另外一个比较对象in New England ,这个比较对象被承前省略了,因为上文已经有New England。

译文 在新大陆的历史上,被研究得最为透彻的知识分子,当属17世纪新英格兰地区的牧师和政治领袖。根据美国哲学的标准历史记载,在殖民时代的美国,没有其他任何地区(像新英格兰那样)“如此注重知识追求”。

从以上分析我们看到,这句难点在于要能根据nowhere … so就能敏锐地洞察出这是属于 not … so … as否定比较句 ,并且进而能够结合上文出现的New England还原出第二个比较对象as in New England。因此分析这个比较句的语法结构是需要一定的英语功底的,就连很多考研辅导书都会误读。比如某书将此句还原成正常的语序:

so much importance was attached to … nowhere else in colonial America (than in New England)

该书作者看出了比较句,但还原时错误地使用了than,这样一来就造成了so … than这种语法错误的比较结构。若用than,则需要把so much换成more,写成:

c. Nowhere else in colonial America was more importance attached to intellectual pursuits than in New England .

为了让大家透彻理解a句的构造,下面我做详细的结构推导。

Step 1:短语搭配:attach importance to something“注重某事”

A. They attached importance to intellectual pursuits. (他们注重知识追求。)

Step 2: 改成被动句

B. Importance was attached to intellectual pursuits. (人们注重知识追求。)

Step 3:添加地点状语

C. Importance was attached to intellectual pursuits in New England . (新英格兰地区的人们注重知识追求。)

Step 4:构造as … as比较句,对不同地点状语进行比较

D. As much importance was attached to intellectual pursuits somewhere else in colonial America as (was attached to intellectual pursuits) in New England . (殖民时代的美国其他地区同新英格兰地区的人们一样注重知识追求。)

括号里的内容was attached to intellectual pursuits由于与主句重复,所以通常都是被省略的,于是进一步写成:

E. As much importance was attached to intellectual pursuits somewhere else in colonial America as in New England .

Step 5:变成否定句,这里只需要把somewhere变成nowhere即可

F. As much importance was attached to intellectual pursuits nowhere else in colonial America as in New England . (殖民时代的美国,没有其他任何地区像新英格兰地区的人们那样注重知识追求。)

因为在否定句中,第一个as可以改为so,于是可以写成:

G. So much importance was attached to intellectual pursuits nowhere else in colonial America as in New England .

Step 6:否定词前置+倒装

因为 否定词(比如这里nowhere)一般都是要在so之前 ,于是只好把整个短语nowhere else in colonial America移到句首;又因为句首出现了否定词(nowhere),句子需要采用半倒装,于是,需要把was提到主语so much importance之前,因此得出:

H. Nowhere else in colonial America was so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits as in New England .

这其实就是上面b句了。

Step 7:承前省略

在H句基础上,承上文省略另外一个比较对象as in New England,于是得出:

I. Nowhere else in colonial America was so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.

这其实就是上面a句了,也即文中原句。

综上推导,我们看到,看似简单的I句,原来背后经历了如此多的语法操作步骤。如果熟练掌握了这些语法知识,那么当我们一看到nowhere … so … 时,就能立即洞察出这句融合了“比较+否定+倒装+省略”。 其中比较句的否定( nowhere … so … as )最为关键(姑且称之为否定比较句),倒装和省略都是因其而产生的后续操作 为了让大家彻底掌握这类 否定比较句 ,下面我进一步拓展分析一下它的构造逻辑思路。

大家都熟悉as … as比较结构,否定时第一个as可以改为so,于是有了not so … as结构。注意, 一般要把否定词not(或其他的否定词如never、nowhere等等)放在副词so前面 。为了达到这一语法结构要求,有些句子就不得不采用倒装结构。这又与so的用法有关。我们先来看左图牛津词典中so的这条用法释义:

我们看到,词典上写的是not so … (as …),并且明确说明它是“用于比较(used in comparisons)”。另外把as …放入括号中,表明这个as(作为比较连词)可以省去,比如第一个例句:

a. I have n't enjoyed myself so much for a long time.

这里就是一个not … so比较句,省略了as后边的比较对象。比如可以还原这样说:

a1. I have n't enjoyed myself so much for a long time ( as I did last night). (我好久没有像昨晚那样玩得开心了。)

因此,以后但凡 看到有否定词与so搭配,大家都不妨考虑一下是否是(省略了由as连接的比较对象的)否定比较句。 这是一个重要的读句技巧,请大家务必记住。

此外,词典中其他例句都保留了as比较对象:

b. It was n't so good as last time .

c. It's not so easy as you'd think .

d. He was not so quick a learner as his brother .

回到上面的考研句子:

Nowhere else in colonial America was “ so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits”( as in New England ).

我姑且称之为 nowhere倒装比较句 。下面我总结一下它的结构特点,以便于大家在写作中使用。因为nowhere本身是表达 地点 的,所以与它进行比较的对象也表示地点,通常都是 介词短语 。因此,我们可以给出nowhere倒装句的基本结构:

As比较句:Nowhere … so as +介词短语

Than比较句:Nowhere … more than +介词短语

若把倒装结构表达出来,则可以是这样的:

As比较句:

Nowhere +助动词或be动词+主语(so)+谓语及其他(so)+as+介词短语

Than比较句:

Nowhere +助动词或be动词+主语(more )+谓语及其他(more)+than +介词短语

其中,表示比较结构的 so或more出现在主语或其他位置中

我们再来看1998年考研阅读Text 4中出现过的这种nowhere倒装比较句:

真题 Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.(1998年Text 4)

解析 该句谓语动词是dramatize“凸显”,主语是1980 census statistics,宾语是the American search for spacious living。因此,若是没有比较结构和倒装结构,则句子结构是:

a. 1980 census statistics dramatize the American search for spacious living. (1980年的美国人口普查数据凸显了美国人对宽敞生活空间的追求。)

该句隐含了 美国各个地区 的1980年人口普查数据都反映了上述这一现象(即the American search for spacious living)。现在需要强调 美国远西地区 (in the Far West)最能反映该现象。作者通过“否定+比较”来表达这一最高级含义,于是引入more … than比较结构,以及两个比较对象nowhere和介词短语in the Far West,正常语序是:

b. 1980 census statistics dramatize the American search for spacious living nowhere more than in the Far West.

现在把否定副词nowhere提到句首,此时句子需要采用半倒装,于是写成:

c. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize the American search for spacious living more than in the Far West.

这里more是程度副词,作状语修饰dramatize;考虑到二者(被较长宾语the American search for spacious living)分隔较远,不妨把more前移到dramatize后边,因此得到考研原句:

d. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.

顺便提醒的是,nowhere倒装比较句一般不宜改为正常语序(如b句,不是很自然)。若要改为正常语序,一般也需要采用其他句式,比如说:

e. 1980 census statistics dramatize the American search for spacious living more in the Far West than anywhere else .

这里把否定的nowhere … more … than in the Far West换成了肯定的more in the Far West than anywhere else。或者干脆不用比较结构,比如:

f. 1980 census statistics dramatize the American search for spacious living, especially in the Far West .

译文 1980年的美国人口普查数据凸显了美国人对宽敞生活空间的追求,最能反映这一现象的是美国远西地区。

思维训练
一 请把下面英文句子译成中文。

1. Nowhere is the effect of government policy more apparent than in agriculture.

2. Nowhere is language a more serious issue than in Hawaii.

3. Nowhere is the rapid deterioration of consumer privacy more apparent than on the Internet.

4. Nowhere is that day (i.e. World Consumer-Rights Day on March 15th) marked with more gusto than in China, where it is known as san yao wu (three one five).

5. Since true listening is love in action, nowhere is it more appropriate than in marriage. Yet most couples never truly listen to each other.

6. Nowhere on the continent did Americans find a more diverse nature, a land of more impressive forms and more powerful contrasts, than in California.

二 请把下面中文译成英文。

7. 我在家学习的效率(efficiently)比在其他任何地方都高。

8. 在世界上的其他任何地方都不能像在亚马孙雨林那样发现如此繁多的野生动物种类。

9. 这座城市的人口问题比其他任何城市都要严重。

10. 没有哪里的空气比山里的更清新了。

答案
一、

1. 政府的政策对农业的影响最为显著。

2. 没有哪个地方像夏威夷那样,语言问题如此严重。

3. 消费者隐私状况的迅速恶化在互联网上表现得最为明显。

4. 这一天(即3月15日世界消费者权益日)在中国(被称作315日)受到的关注程度超过其他任何地方。

5. 真正的用心倾听,是一种爱的行为,而婚姻是其最佳的表达场所。然而大多数夫妇从未真正去倾听对方。

6. 在这片大陆上,美国人再也找不到比加利福尼亚州拥有更多样化的自然环境、更令人印象深刻的地形地貌和更强烈的对比反差的地方了。

二、

7. Nowhere can I study more efficiently than at home.

8. Nowhere else in the world can one find such a wide variety of wild animals as in the Amazon rainforest.

9. Nowhere is there more of a population problem than in this city./Nowhere is there a more serious population problem than in this city.

10. Nowhere is the air fresher than in the mountains.

3.2.1.2 其他否定倒装句

再来看下面2005年翻译真题:

真题 Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. (2005年翻译46题)

解析 其中有倒装的否定比较句:

a. Never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe .

改为正常语序是:

b. It (=television) has never served so much before to connect different peoples and nations as (it did) in the recent events in Europe .

这里的比较对象是两个时间:before和in the recent events in Europe。我们看到,正常语序的时候,否定词never也是在so之前的。所以,这里的倒装结构不是必需的,而是为了强调时间。

译文 电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一——在欧洲近来发生的事件中,它把不同的民族和国家连到一起,其作用之大,前所未有。

另外要注意,如果否定词是修饰主语的,则句子无须倒装。比如:

No other modern nation devotes so small a portion of its wealth to public health as the United States does . (没有一个现代国家像美国这样,只把自己的财富很少的一部分投入到公共健康事业中去。)

这里有no … so … as结构,是否定比较句,比较对象是美国和美国之外的其他国家。由于这里的否定词no是 主语 no other modern nation中的修饰语,此时句子没有采用倒装结构。另外,此时的否定词no是在( 宾语 位置中的)so之前,符合上述语法结构要求(即否定词要出现在so之前)。如果不是这样,则结构上需要倒装,如前面的nowhere倒装句。

以上否定倒装句都是出现在比较句中。我们再来看不是比较结构的否定倒装句。比如:

真题 Not only can AI help to create the marketing content, but it can also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers. (2023年英语一翻译)

解析 当not only … but also …连接两个并列句,此时not only后边的句子要半倒装,比如这里Not only can AI help … 即为半倒装结构。

译文 人工智能不仅可以帮助创建营销内容,还可以提供一种非侵入性的方式将内容传递给目标客户。

关于not only … but also …并列结构及其倒装的内容讲解,请参见 第10.3节

3.2.2与句首only有关的倒装

当“only+状语”出现在句首时,句子要采用半倒装。这里的状语形式可以是 副词、介词短语 状语从句 等等。请看真题例句:

真题 Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. (2009年翻译47题)

解析 这里and连接的两个句子都是由only引起的倒装句。这里only修饰的状语都是副词,分别是副词原级gradually及副词比较级more gradually。前一个分句正常结构是:the by-product of the institution was only gradually noted;后一个分句的正常结构是:this effect was only still more gradually considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。可见,两句主语分别是the by-product of the institution和this effect。在倒装结构中,助动词was置于主语之前了。

顺便说一下,该句的原文是:Only gradually was the by-product of the institution, its effect upon the quality and extent of conscious life , noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution,加粗部分的内容(作为by-product的同位语)被命题人删去了,从这里我们可以看到,句中its effect指的就是by-product,也就是下文的this effect,即句中的by-product与this effect具有同义共指的关系。

译文 一种制度所产生的影响,只是逐渐被注意到的,而这种影响要被视为这种制度运行的一个指导性因素则是一个更加缓慢的过程。

要注意,如果only修饰状语从句,则 需要倒装的不是从句,而是主句 。比如:

真题 Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit—and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. (2014年英语一Text 1)

解析 这里Only修饰if条件句,或者认为Only if引导一个条件从句,出现在句首,此时,主句需要采用部分倒装,所以will they be eligible …是倒装句,正常语序是they will be eligible …。

译文 只有当失业者拿着他们的简历来到求职中心,注册了在线工作搜索并开始找工作的时候,他们才有资格享受政府救济金。之后他们应该每周(而非每两周)进行汇报。

真题 Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.(2009 Text 3)

解析 这里Only修饰when引导的时间状语从句,出现在句首,此时,主句需要采用半倒装,所以有了was there time … 倒装句,正常语序是there was time …。

译文 只有当人类开始以更高效的方式获取食物时,才有时间做其他事情。

3.2.3 so和as倒装句(“也”)

对于so的倒装句,大家应该都不陌生,其基本含义是“也……”。比如:

A: I'm going to the concert. (我要去音乐会。)

B: So am I . (我也要去。)

这里的So am I相当于说:I am also going (to the concert)。

再比如:

a. He's been ill, and so has his wife . (他病了,他的妻子也病了。)

我们也可以采用as倒装句这样说:

b. He's been ill, as has his wife . (他病了,他的妻子也病了。)

注意,这样使用的so 是副词,不是连词 ,故不能连接两个句子,所以a句中有and连接;但这样使用的 as是连词 ,所以b句中as连接了两个句子。

可见,so以及as的倒装句基本结构是: so/as+助动词+主语 。关于as倒装句,更多内容请参见 第9.6节 。下面看真题例句:

真题 While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point. So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair. (2019年英语一Text 3)

解析 第一句中,While引导一个让步状语从句,译成“ 尽管 ”。难点在第二句的So does the idea …,它不是一般疑问句(句末没有问号),而是倒装句。这里does指代represents one starting point,因此该句把指代还原后的正常语序是:The idea that … also represents one starting point,在idea后边接了一个that引导的同位语从句。

译文 尽管(谷歌)这番承诺有些含糊,但它意味着一个开端。人工智能系统所做出的决策应该是清晰、透明、公平的,这一理念也是一个开端。

3.2.4 nor和neither倒装句(“也不”)

上节所说的so及as倒装句一般用于肯定句。若是否定句,则用nor或neither倒装,表示“也不”。比如:

a. They didn't believe his story, and neither did I . (他们不相信他说的话,我也不信。)

b. They didn't believe his story, and nor did I . (他们不相信他说的话,我也不信。)

c. He is not going to the meeting and nor am I . (他不准备去开会,我也不去。)

这样使用的nor可以作为连词,因此连接两个句子,比如:

d. He is not going to the meeting, nor am I . (他不准备去开会,我也不去。)

请看考研真题例句:

真题 Nor are highly paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA's unjustified dismissal procedures. (2022年英语一Text 4)

解析 这里Nor位于句首,句子采用了部分倒装,正常语序是:highly paid managers themselves are not immune from …。这样使用的nor通常是要与前面否定句呼应的,以表达“也不”的含义。该句与上文If not placing jobs at risk这个否定句呼应。

分词短语caused by the ERA's unjustified dismissal procedures后置修饰harm,其中的ERA就是此句所在文章开头提到的 the Employment Relations Act 2000。

译文 高薪经理本身也不能免受《就业关系法》中不合理的解雇程序所造成的伤害。

真题 Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. (2016年英语一Text 3)

解析 首先,Nor does it reveal …是一个半倒装句,与上文否定does not (answer)构成语义呼应,译成 “该项研究没有回答……也没有揭示……”

其次,两个how much引导的都是宾语从句,但逻辑结构不同,请比较:

a. how much businesses ought to spend on CSR

其中much是代词,充当spend的宾语,相当于说:

… spend much on CSR

b. how much companies are banking on the halo effect

其中much是程度副词,作状语,修饰动词banking,此时how much 相当于to what extent,可以改为:

… reveal to what extent companies are banking on the halo effect …

类似的说法比如:

a. They examined how much age affected language-learning ability.

b. They examined to what extent age affected language-learning ability.

我们还可以采用定语从句的结构这样说:

c. They examined the extent to which age affected language-learning ability.

这三句意思一样,都是表示 “他们研究了年龄对于语言学习能力的影响程度”

最后,句末的when从句是修饰谓语are banking on …的时间状语从句,这里有搭配bank on,意思是“指望,依赖,寄希望于”。

译文 研究人员承认,他们的这项研究并没有回答这个问题,即企业在履行“企业社会责任(CSR)”上应该花费多少钱。该研究也并未揭示出,企业在决定自己的公益政策时,在多大程度上是指望获得“光环效应”,而不是其他可能的好处。

3.2.5 so … that主句倒装

我们知道,so … that可以引导一个结果状语从句,比如:

a. The room was so tiny that you could not get a bed into it. (这房间太小,连一张床都放不下。)

可以把so tiny短语移到句首,采用倒装说成:

b. So tiny was the room that you could not get a bed into it.

我们看到,was移到了主语the room之前。再比如:

So successful have they been that they are moving to Beijing. (他们发财了,要搬到北京去了。)

助动词have移到了主语they之前。正常语序是:They have been so successful that …。请看考研真题例句:

真题 So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (2008年翻译)

解析 该句关键是认清so … that倒装结构。正常语序是:It was so poor in one sense that he never could remember …。另外,remember宾语是a single date or a line of poetry,被时间状语for more than a few days隔开。可见,这属于VX1O1型宾语后置结构。

译文 从某种意义上说,它(即他的记忆力)是如此之差,以至于他从来没能记住一个日期或一行诗歌超过几天。

3.2.6虚拟条件从句的倒装

当虚拟条件从句中含有were、助动词had及情态动词should时,可以省去if,并把这些动词移到从句主语之前,即从句采用半倒装结构。比如:

a. Should you change your plans, please let me know. (万一你计划有变,请告诉我一下。)

正常语序是:

b. If you should change your plans, …

再比如:

a. His talent might have lain dormant had it not been for his mother's encouragement. (若不是他妈妈的鼓励,他的才华可能就埋没了。)

正常语序是:

b. His talent might have lain dormant if it had not been for his mother's encouragement.

注意,虚拟条件倒装句中若有not,是不能像普通疑问句那样把not提到主语之前并与助动词缩写的,比如这里不能说:… hadn't it been for …*。

请看考研真题例句:

真题 Were it not for opportunities to observe these beautiful, wild creatures close to home, many more people would be driven by their fascination to travel to wild areas to seek out, disturb and even hunt them down. (2022年英语一Part B)

解析 正常语序是If it were not for …。注意,这里不能说: Weren't it for …*。

译文 如果不是有机会在家附近观察这些美丽的野生动物,会有更多的人被它们的魅力驱使前往野外地区寻找、打扰甚至猎杀它们。

3.2.7比较状语从句的倒装

在as或than引导的比较状语从句中,若从句主语较长,则可以采用倒装结构。请看真题例句:

真题 Those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their counterparts who inhaled something else. (2018年英语一完形填空)

解析 重点是看这里的比较状语从句。比较词是higher,修饰amounts。比较对象是Those subjects和their counterparts who inhaled something else,它们在各自句中都是充当 主语 。并且than后边的主语较长,故采用了倒装结构than were their counterparts …。此处我们也可以把were省去。

译文 (吸入催产素的)那些实验对象愿意借给陌生人的钱数远大于吸入其他东西的实验同伴。

真题 Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. (2011年英语一完形填空)

解析 than引导的比较状语从句是一个倒装句did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,did替代reacted。句首的forced不是谓语动词,而是一个过去分词,构成分词短语forced to exercise their smiling muscles,后置修饰Those。句子谓语是reacted。分词短语suggesting … around对前面整个句子进行补充说明。

译文 那些被迫做出笑脸的人对有趣卡通片的反应要比那些撅嘴、皱眉的人更加热烈,这就表明人们的面部表情可能会影响情绪,而不仅仅是相反。

真题 Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. (2008年Text 1)

解析 该句难点在于其中的宾语从句that sex hormones somehow affect … same conditions。在这个宾语从句中,分词短语causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions是隶属于宾语从句的,修饰宾语从句的谓语affect,作状语,表示结果,相当于补充说明如何“影响”。

在这个分词短语中有一个比较状语从句than do males under the same conditions,注意这里采用了倒装结构,主语是males under the same conditions,谓语是do,代指produce。

译文 对动物和人类的研究表明,性激素会以某种方式影响压力反应,导致处于压力下的女性比处于相同条件下的男性产生更多的诱发化学物质。

3.2.8让步状语从句的倒装

英文中有一种be it(或be they)让步状语倒装句,请看例句:

a. Whenever he buys something, be it drinks or snacks, he remembers to share with his buddies. (每次他买东西,不论是饮料还是小吃,他都会记得与哥们儿分享。)

这里的 be it drinks or snacks用了倒装,主语it指代前面的something。看到这里,一定有读者会很纳闷这个be it是怎么来的。其实这个结构是省去了连词whether“不论”的结果,完整的结构是whether it may be(may可以省去),表示让步,是虚拟语气的一种表示方法。因此,上句可以写成:

b. Whenever he buys something, whether it may be drinks or snacks, he remembers to share with his buddies.

换言之,该结构是省去了whether之后,再把be提到it之前。其构造有点类似 第3.2.6小节 提到的省去了if的虚拟条件从句的倒装结构。请再看真题例句:

真题 She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. (2013年英语一Text 1)

解析 形容词短语common to many advocates of sustainability后置修饰idealism,相当于一个定语从句which is common to …。

从句 be it in food or in energy是半倒装结构,可以改写成 whether it may be in food or in energy,这是一个让步状语从句,意思是“ 不论是在食品领域还是在能源领域 ”。这里it指代sustainability,不是指idealism,表示不论是食物还是能源的可持续发展。

译文 她同许多可持续发展(无论是在食品领域还是能源领域)的倡导者一样都展现了一种理想主义。

另外,关于as引导的让步倒装句,参见 第9.2节 kJ9VLSvEBpDU1i8gyBYUlrjXd4j8Mxr/9GoIfc6g3SG+oNHzCmNB443ylSaNVMhI

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