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宾语后置多见于两种句型中：
一是在SVOC（这里是把SVOdCo下标d/o去掉了，即把O和C分别默认为是直接宾语和宾语补足语）这种含有宾补的句型中， 把宾语移到宾补后边 ，形成SVCO结构，即由常规的“动词+宾语+宾补”变成了非常规的 “动词+宾补+宾语” 。
二是在SVOA这种带有状语（A）的 主谓宾状 句型中， 把宾语移到状语后边 ，形成SVAO结构，即由常规的“动词+宾语+状语”变成了非常规的 “动词+状语+宾语” 。
请看例句：
SVOC→SVCO
1a. The jury found her guilty . （陪审团裁决她罪名成立。）
1b. The jury found guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World . （陪审团裁决《世界新闻报》一名前编辑罪名成立。）
1a句是SVOC正常语序，而1b句则是SVCO宾语后置句式：宾补guilty前移，长长的宾语one ex-editor of the News of the World 被移至句末。这符合英文造句的一个基本原则“ 尾重原则 （Principle of End-weight）”——即把复杂的成分放在句子末尾，这里是把复杂的宾语放在了简短的补足语后边。
SVOA→SVAO
2a. I have found it in my bedroom .（ 我在卧室里找到它了。 ）
2b. Oh unhappy me! I have found in that which I deemed a happy windfall the source of my destruction . （我可真不幸啊！原先我还以为自己运气好，获得了意外之财，不料它却要了我的命。）
2a句是SVOA正常语序，而2b句则是SVAO宾语后置句式：动词found与其宾语the source of my destruction被地点状语in that which I deemed a happy windfall分隔。这里把宾语放在句末，是为了对它进行强调。
考虑到宾语补足语（Co）和状语（A）可能不好区分，所以我们不必区分它们，只需要知道 动词与其宾语被其他句子成分隔开了 即可。我们不妨以字母X来代替这个其他成分，因此基本句型可以写成SVOX，宾语后置句型则为SVXO。
现在我们把上面1b句及2b句与本章开头的b句进行比较：
b. He found it frustrating that his flight had been delayed . （他的航班延误了，他觉得这很让人恼火。）
我们发现，b句 在宾语位置有一个形式宾语it ，而上面1b句和2b句 在宾语位置没有it作形式宾语 。如果1b和2b句结构标记为 SVXO ，那么，b句结构不妨标记为 SV（it）XO ，表明在动词后边的宾语位置上是需要有形式宾语it的。因此，宾语后置结构可以进一步分为两种：
A. SVXO：宾语后移（Postposing）
B. SV(it)XO：宾语外挂（Extraposing）
到目前为止，我们讲到了下面这些概念：
说到这里，有人不禁要问：怎么判断这个形式宾语it要还是不要呢？
答案是： 它是由后置宾语的结构形式决定的。 具体来说， 在SVOX句型中，若是that从句或不定式（to do）作宾语，则必须先在动词后边用it作形式宾语，然后把that从句或to do不定式这个真正的宾语放在句末。
我们现在来看宾语后置的各种可能的组合形式。列表总结如下：
动宾分离：宾语后置型
以上是按照句子成分的结构形式来划分的。如果只看句子成分（即看表格中第一行），则宾语后置的基本句式结构是：
动词 （+ it） +补足语或状语+ 宾语
这里没有写出主语（S），是因为考虑到这里动词可以是非谓语动词。根据这个表格，上述b、1b及2b句分别为V（it）X2O5、VX2O1、VX1O1型宾语后置结构。
下面我们来看考研真题句子：
真题 As the hacking trial concludes— finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World , Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. （2015年英语一Text 4）
解析 这里我们只看两个破折号之间的内容： finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson , for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks , innocent of the same charge
分词finding之后先接形容词guilty作宾补，然后再接名词短语one ex-editor of the News of the World , Andy Coulson作宾语，显然该宾语被后置了。可见，这属于 VX2O1型宾语后置结构 。另外，and后边的finding短语也是宾语（his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks）加宾补（innocent of the same charge）结构，但该宾语没有后置。有关这个句子的详解，请参见 第09章as从句专题9.3节（第211页） 。
译文 随着电话窃听案件审判的终结——法官判定《世界新闻报》前编辑安迪·柯尔逊（Andy Coulson）密谋窃听电话罪名成立，而他的前任丽贝卡·布鲁克斯（Rebekah Brooks）被判无罪——更大范围的诚信缺失问题却依然存在。
真题 It's easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government's ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. （2023年英语二Text 2）
解析 这里有 VX1O1型宾语后置结构 ：动词dismiss的宾语是被后置了的名词短语the federal government's ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks，介词短语as absurd是补足语（注意，absurd是形容词，介词as后边可以接形容词）。一般来说，常规的结构是“动词+宾语+补足语”，但这里由于宾语比补足语结构复杂得多，所以，根据英文造句的 尾重原则 ——即把复杂的成分放在句子末尾，这里把复杂的宾语放在了简短的补足语后边，即由常规的dismiss X as Y变成了dismiss as Y X ，这里 X 就是被后置了的具有复杂结构的宾语。
此句中的搭配plug the gap表示“堵住漏洞”。比如：The company needs to plug the gaps in its security system. （这家公司需要堵住其安全系统存在的漏洞。）
译文 人们很容易认为联邦政府为填补国家公园长期资金缺口而提出的想法很荒谬。
顺便我们再来看dismiss X as Y结构的例句：
真题 Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy's views. Board members like her “casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion,” says Dan Quinn. （2023年英语一Text 1）
解析 此句中dismiss X as Y没有采用宾语后置结构dismiss as Y X，因为宾语the career work of scholars and scientists与补足语just another misguided opinion长度差距不大。
译文 绝大多数科学家和专家都对哈代（Hardy）的观点提出强烈质疑。丹·奎因（Dan Quinn）指出，像她这样的委员会成员“轻率地将学者和科学家们的毕生研究成果贬斥为又是一种谬见”。
真题 I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems. （2006年翻译46题）
解析 动词elected与其宾语the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems被介词短语as his primary duty and pleasure in life分隔。简单来说，原本是elect X as Y搭配，现在把宾语X后置变成了elect as Y X。可见，这属于 VX1O1型宾语后置结构 。
译文 我把他（即知识分子）定义为这样的人：他把以苏格拉底的方式来思考道德问题作为自己人生的主要责任和乐趣。
真题 By contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a completely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. （1998年完形填空）
解析 动词saw与其宾语a period of great abundance and prosperity被介词短语in the preceding …country分隔，这个介词短语作时间状语，其中还带有when引导的定语从句。这里saw与in没有搭配关系，这与上一例句中的elect与as搭配不同，虽然二者同属于 VX1O1型宾语后置结构 。
译文 相比之下，他们认为在此之前的从1650年到1750年这100年，虽然当时英国还是一个完全的农业国家，却是一个十分富裕和繁荣的时期。
我们再来看下面这道考研翻译真题：
真题 [But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.] While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. （2009年翻译48题）
解析 首先，动词不定式to ignore后边的宾语是the effect of our acts upon their disposition，二者被插入的介词短语in our contact with them分隔。可见，这属于 VX1O1型宾语后置结构 。
其次，这里需要重点关注的连词有while和as两个。在英文中，while至少可以表示三种逻辑语义关系： 时间关系 ，译成“当……时候”； 对比关系 ，译成“……，然而……”； 让步关系 ，译成“尽管……”。现在我们来看整个主句和从句的结构，其中关键内容是While it is easy …, it is not so easy …，即前半部分说“容易”，而后半部分说“不那么容易”。据此，我们可以断定while在这里表示转折的关系，引导的是一个让步状语从句，相当于although“尽管”。
这里连词as引导一个比较状语从句，完整的比较结构是not so easy … as …。我们看到这里只有一个比较对象，就是as后边的in dealing with adults。那么另外一个比较对象是什么呢？显然，主句it is not so easy as in dealing with adults其实是一个省略句。英语省略的内容必然能够从上文“追索”回来。于是根据前面的while从句内容，我们可推断出，这里not so easy后边省去了整个不定式短语to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition，因此，整个句子还原后是：it is not so easy [ to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition ] as in dealing with adults。这里in our contact with them其实就是替换了前面那句But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance中的in dealing with the young。所以，这里前后两个比较对象是：in dealing with the young和in dealing with adults。据此，我们可以把上面句子改写成it is not so easy [ to ignore the effect in dealing with the young ] as in dealing with adults，表示“ 与年轻人交往不像与成年人交往时那样容易忽视这种影响 ”。综上分析，我们看到，这里通过连词as分析出省略句的内容是理解和翻译此句的关键。如果没有这个as，原句说成it is not so easy in dealing with adults，这就表示“ 和成年人交往则不那么容易（忽视这种影响） ”。这样一来，句子意思完全相反。
由以上分析可见，对于it is not so easy as in dealing with adults这句英文，我们要通过添加“忽视这种影响”，来补充完整英文not so easy后边被省去的内容，可以译成“ 不像与成年人交往时那么容易（忽视这种影响） ”。不过，我们还可以做得更好，比如改译成“ 但与成年人交往时，我们更容易忽视这种影响 ”，这样更好理解。
译文 译文1：虽然在和年轻人的交往过程中，我们很容易忽视自己的行为对他们性格所产生的影响，但不像与成年人交往时那样容易忽视这种影响。
译文2：虽然在和年轻人的交往过程中，我们很容易忽视自己的行为对他们性格所产生的影响，但与成年人交往时，我们更容易忽视这种影响。
顺便提一下，评分标准给出了下面这个译文：
虽然在和年轻人的交往中我们的行为对他们性情的影响容易被忽视，但和成年人交往则不那么容易忽视这种影响。
通过比较，我们就会发现，所给标准译文的后半部分 “但和成年人交往则不那么容易忽视这种影响” 对原文it is not so easy as in dealing with adults的理解有误，造成这个错误的原因正是我上面解释as用法时提到的，译者或许没有真正领悟到这里as比较从句省略的内容以及比较的对象。这样的译文是针对it is not so easy in dealing with adults的翻译，而不是针对原句it is not so easy as in dealing with adults的翻译。原句真正要说的是“ 虽然在和年轻人的交往过程中，我们很容易忽视自己的行为对他们性格所产生的影响，但与成年人交往时，我们更容易忽视这种影响 ”，而不是这里标准译文所翻译的“ 但和成年人交往则不那么容易忽视这种影响 ”。所以as一字之差，真可谓“谬之千里”！
以上讨论的例句中，动词与其宾语都是被补足语或状语分隔。下面我们来看另外一种较为特殊的动宾分离句式，这涉及多个动词并列起来共用同一个宾语的情形。
动词并列使用，共用宾语放最后
在英语中，当有多个动词共用一个宾语时，这个被共用的宾语要放在最后一个动词后边，而不是放在每个动词后边，基本结构是 V1 and V2 and V3 + object 。这就会造成前边的动词如V1和V2与其宾语（object）被分隔的情形。我把这种动宾分离结构称为 VVO型宾语后置结构 。这里使用了两个V，只是为了表明动词并列使用，并表示只有两个动词并列，实际上可以有多个动词并列使用。确切来说，这种宾语后置结构不能算作真正意义上的宾语后置。请看例句：
真题 It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. （2010年英语一翻译50题）
解析 这里动词ignore与其宾语many elements被分隔。实际上是不定式to ignore与to eliminate并列使用，共用了同一个宾语many elements。这是典型的VVO型宾语后置结构。
译文 它（即这种保护系统）往往会忽视陆地生物群落中那些缺乏商业价值的物种，并最终会导致其灭绝，然而这些物种对整个陆地生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。
最后再来看一个特殊的动宾结构：
真题 Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. （2008年翻译）
解析 有考生看到pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight之后，可能不知道该如何分析这个句子结构。关键要看到had given的直接宾语是句末的delight，而间接宾语是him。其实这是一个省略句，完整的内容应该是pictures had given him considerable （ delight ）, and music ( had given him ) very great delight。可见，这是一个并列句。在并列句中往往会伴随着省略，因为在并列句中通常会出现相同或相似的结构或成分，为了避免重复，就被省略了。该句就是一个典型的例子。
其次，还要看到这里的时态呼应关系。前一个句子用了一般过去时gave，后一个句子因为有了时间副词formerly而采用了过去完成时态had given。
最后，考生还要注意到修饰语的程度在递增： great （pleasure）— considerable (delight)— very great (delight)，因而在翻译时要注意措辞，体现出这一点。
译文 直到30岁以后，各种类型的诗歌给他带来了很多快乐，而在这之前，绘画已经给过他相当大的乐趣，音乐也给过他极大的乐趣。
最后这两句的动宾分离结构都与并列结构有关，有关并列结构的详解请参见 第10章并列结构专题 。
以下句子主要来自历年考研英语真题（有个别不是），请找出其中的宾语后置结构，并进行归类，然后分析句子结构，并把句子译成中文。
1. It is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.（2018年英语一Text 3）
2. His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.（2006年翻译47题）
3. On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.（2008年翻译48题）
4. This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.（2015年英语一Text 4）
5. Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.（2003年翻译65题）
6. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.（1999年Text 4）
7. We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling.（2009年翻译50题）
8. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.（2020年英语一Text 4）
9. Descriptive statistics is a tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.
10. And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
11. For example, the Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.（2013年英语一Text 3）
12. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team's observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives, along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved.（2023年英语一Part B）
13. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card”, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities.（2006年Part B）
14. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included.（2005年Part B）
15. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.（2003年Text 2）
16. It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.（2006年Part B）
1. It is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy. （2018年英语一Text 3）
解析 短语动词hand over与其宾语the records of 1.6 million patients被介词短语to DeepMind分隔。这里有hand X over to Y或hand over X to Y句式。可见，这属于VX1O1型宾语后置结构。两个介词短语in 2015和on the basis of … 都修饰handed，作状语。
该句是一个强调结构，句子较长，其结构是“It is +被强调部分+ that/who +其他部分”。本句强调的是状语against that background，整句还原为正常语序为“the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict … against that background”，这是一个主谓宾结构。宾语部分her damning verdict … their expectations of privacy比较复杂，其中介词短语against the Royal Free Hospital trust和 under the NHS分别作verdict和 the Royal Free Hospital trust的后置定语。另外这里有两个which引导的定语从句。要注意第一个定语从句关系词which指代的是trust，原文是the Royal Free hospital trust，命题人改为the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS，这就增加了判断which指代的难度，实际上这里which指代 the Royal Free hospital trust这个机构。第二个定语从句which took … 修饰agreement。
译文 正是在这种背景下，信息监管专员伊丽莎白 · 德纳姆（Elizabeth Denham）对国民保健署（NHS）旗下的皇家自由（the Royal Free）医疗信托基金会做出了有罪的裁决，因该基金会在2015年仅凭一份含糊其辞的协议就把160万病人的医疗记录转交给了DeepMind公司。这份协议对病人所享有的权利及期望的隐私保护几乎只字未提。
2. His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. （2006年翻译47题）
解析 在本句who引导的定语从句中，of后的动名词revealing与其宾语the course of reasoning which led him to his decision被介词短语in as obvious a manner as possible分隔。可见，这属于VX1O2型宾语后置结构。该介词短语作方式状语，修饰revealing，其结构由介词短语in a manner与形容词短语as obvious as possible复合而成。宾语中带有which引导的定语从句。
本句的主句主干是His function is analogous to that of a judge，that指代function。由who引导的定语从句修饰judge，定语从句的主干是who must accept the obligation of revealing the course of reasoning。
译文 他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。
3. On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. （2008年翻译48题）
解析 动词accept与其宾语the charge … reasoning被介词短语as well founded分隔。这里有accept X as Y搭配，该介词短语作补足语。注意，不要错误地断句为as well“也”，而应该断句成well founded，这是副词修饰形容词的结构。所以，整个accept … as well founded表示“认为……有充分的根据”。
被后置了的宾语是the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning，这个宾语比较复杂。具体来说，宾语中心词是the charge，表示“指责，指控”。而charge后边带有两个成分：一个是修饰charge的分词短语made by some of his critics；另一个是补充说明charge具体内容的同位语从句that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning。在这个同位语从句中，while he was a good observer是让步状语从句，he had no power of reasoning是主句。
由以上分析可知，这属于VX1O3型宾语后置结构。
译文 另一方面，一些批评者指责他尽管擅长观察但不擅于推理，对于这样的指责，他认为没有多少根据。
4. This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking. （2015年英语一Text 4）
解析 分词making与其宾语that从句that it would … hacking被形式宾语it及形容词短语more likely分隔。可见，这属于V（it）X2O5型宾语后置结构。另外，这个句子的难点在as从句as it had上，详解参见 第09章as从句专题（第231页） 。
译文 她认为，同样的道德目标缺失问题正在危害像“新闻国际”这样的公司，使得该公司更有可能迷失方向，正如此前该公司在非法电话窃听事件上曾经迷失过方向。
5. Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. （2003年翻译65题）
解析 在which引导的定语从句中，动词makes与其宾语immense amounts of concrete research and understanding被形容词possible分隔。可见，这属于VX2O1型宾语后置结构。
本句的主干是the anthropological concept of “culture” is an abstract concept。like the concept of “set” in mathematics是介词短语作比较状语。which 引导的定语从句修饰前面的an abstract concept。
译文 因此，人类学中的“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
6. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning. （1999年Text 4）
解析 在that引导的定语从句中，动词make与其宾语for private funding to be used for human cloning被形式宾语it及宾补名词短语a crime分隔。可见，这属于V（it）X3O6型宾语后置结构。注意：for … to do 是动词不定式短语，可以被当作一个普通的名词成分。动词不定式可以当作名词参与句法构成，但如果要明确这个动词不定式的逻辑主语，就需要在其前面加上for再加有关名词（或代词），而整个结构的名词性质保持不变。
本句的主要结构是The panel has not yet reached agreement；on a crucial question 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰agreement；whether to recommend … for human cloning是a crucial question的同位语；定语从句that would … human cloning修饰legislation。
译文 然而，该委员会尚未就一个关键问题达成一致，即是否建议立法将使用私人资金进行克隆人类定为犯罪。
7. We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling. （2009年翻译50题）
解析 本句主干是We are led to distinguish …，来自lead somebody to do something搭配，表示“促使某人做某事”。动词distinguish与其宾语a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling被介词短语within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering分隔。可见，这属于VX1O1型宾语后置结构。
另外，这里that指代a more formal kind of education，并进一步用of direct tuition or schooling进行补充说明，即“ 直接授课或学校教育的那种更正式的教育 ”。
译文 因此，在我们迄今一直在探讨的广义教育过程之中，我们有必要区分出一种更为正规的教育形式——即直接授课或学校教育。
8. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. （2020年英语一Text 4）
解析 非谓语动词proposing和putting共用了同一个宾语an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions，故属于VVO型宾语后置结构。
另外，本句有with复合结构with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place …，其结构是“with +名词短语+分词短语”，对前面的主句the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend进行解释说明。这里有put something in place的搭配，表示“准备就绪，实施”。确切来说，这又属于VX1O1型宾语后置结构。在这个宾语中，alphabet soup不是字面意思“字母汤（a soup containing small noodles in the shapes of letters of the alphabet）”，而是表示因含有许多符号或缩略语等而难懂的“代号语言（language which is extremely difficult to understand, especially because it contains many symbols or abbreviations）”。这里也就是指下文这句These have included Britain's DPT （diverted profits tax）, Australia's MAAL (multinational anti-avoidance law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few中提到的DPT、MAAL和SEP这些首字母缩写符号，这些都是相关的税法条款（tax provisions）。
译文 相反，数字服务税反映了一种大趋势。近些年来，各国已纷纷提议或实施了五花八门的国际税收新规。
9. Descriptive statistics is a tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.
解析 及物动词describing、summarizing和reducing共用the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data这个名词短语作其宾语。换句话说，这里可看作是把describing和summarizing的宾语后置了。另外，这里还有一个真正的宾语后置，即reducing to comprehensible form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data，正常结构应该是reducing the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data to comprehensible form。可见，这里既有VVO型宾语后置结构，又有VX1O1型宾语后置结构。
译文 描述统计学是一种工具，用于对大量数据的特性进行描述，或进行总结，或为易于理解而进行归纳。不借助于该工具，这些数据就难以处理。
10. And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
解析 这个句子有三个难点。首先是全部倒装的结构，整个表语even more incredible在句首，后接系动词is，然后是主语the young brain's ability，即构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”这样全部倒装结构。其次是并列定语结构，ability后边接三个并列的不定式短语to pick out …、to analyze，以及to combine and recombine … 作后置定语。最后，共用宾语，后三个动词analyze、combine和recombine共用一个名词短语the parts of a language作其宾语。换句话说，这里可看作是把analyze的宾语后置了。这是VVO型宾语后置结构。
译文 甚至更令人难以置信的是，幼儿的大脑能从周围的嘈杂声音中理出话语的条理，并且能够以新的方式对语言的成分进行分析、组合以及重新组合。
11. For example, the Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence. （2013年英语一Text 3）
解析 动词has与其宾语a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence被介词短语as its flagship project分隔。并且，宾语中带有that引导的定语从句。可见，这属于VX1O2型宾语后置结构。注意，这里hence意为“……以后”，基本结构是“时间段+ hence”，比如a week hence“ 一周以后 ”，相当于说a week from now。因此，thousands of years hence意为“ 数千年后 ”。
译文 例如，恒今基金会的旗舰项目是一款机械钟，其设计目的是在数千年后仍然可以计时。
12. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team's observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives, along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved. （2023年英语一Part B）
解析 分词短语aimed at convincing …后置修饰report，其中convincing采用的是convince somebody that …从句搭配，该that从句作convince的直接宾语，somebody作间接宾语。因此这里that Yellowstone ought to be preserved是convincing的宾语从句，二者相隔较远，断句时要找到这层逻辑关系。
译文 完成探险几周后，海登（Hayden）将他团队的调查结果收集起来，写成了一份详尽的报告，旨在说服参议员和众议员，以及内政部等政府机构的同事，让他们相信黄石公园应该得到保护。
13. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card”, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities. （2006年Part B）
解析 这里issued的宾语是a “Fun Card”，但因为该宾语又带有一个非限制性定语从句which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities，使得复杂的宾语结构被后置。动词与其宾语被介词短语to him, as a good customer隔开，由基本结构issue X to Y变成了宾语后置型结构issue to Y X。可见，这属于VX1O2型宾语后置结构。
另外，在定语从句中，关系词which作主语，指代Fun Card，其后边插入了时间状语从句when （ the Fun Card is ） used in the casino，括号里的内容被省略了。定语从句的谓语动词earns与enables并列。
译文 赌场认为他是一个好顾客，就发给他一张“乐趣卡”，当在赌场使用这张卡时，该卡可以为他赢得餐饮积分，同时可以使赌场追踪持卡者的赌博活动。
14. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. （2005年Part B）
解析 谓语动词recommends的宾语是which引导的宾语从句which new drugs should be included，二者被介词短语to provincial lists隔开，由基本结构recommend X to Y变成了宾语后置型结构recommend to Y X。可见，这属于VX1O4型宾语后置结构。其中which是限定词，修饰new drugs，整个名词短语which new drugs作从句主语。
译文 在它（即这个办公室）下面有一个普通药物评估机构，向各省推荐应该在清单上增加的新药。
15. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. （2003年Text 2）
解析 动词recruit的宾语是not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment，该宾语的中心语是well-known personalities和all，被not only … but … 结构并列连接；该宾语还带有两个定语从句，分别修饰Stephen Cooper和all；动词与其宾语被介词短语to its cause隔开，由基本结构recruit X to Y变成了宾语后置型结构recruit to Y X。可见，这属于VX1O2型宾语后置结构。
译文 最后，医学研究界不仅应该积极争取斯蒂芬 · 库珀（Stephen Cooper）（他曾勇敢地就动物研究的价值发表过声明）这样的知名人士来支持其事业，而且还应该争取所有接受治疗的患者的支持，因为最终的利益相关者毕竟是患者。
16. It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities. （2006年Part B）
解析 第一句中，defining的宾语是what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will这个what引导的从句，动词与其宾语被介词短语as addictions隔开，由基本结构define X as Y变成了宾语后置型结构define as Y X。可见，这属于VX1O4型宾语后置结构。
第二句中有reclassify X as Y结构，我们也可以将此处改写为：society is reclassifying as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities what once were considered character flaws or moral failings，从而也变成VX1O4型宾语后置结构的句子。
译文 令人担忧的是，社会正在将越来越多的行为问题医学化，常常把以前个性刚毅的前辈们认为是意志薄弱的行为定义为成瘾。在科学（或所谓的科学）推动下，社会正在把曾经被认为是性格缺陷或道德缺失的行为重新划分为类似于身体残疾的人格障碍。