我们先来看 动介搭配 ,具体又可以分为下面两种情况:
1A. (主)动介(主)搭配,即主句中介词搭配主句中的动词( depend on + wh-)
2A. (从)动介(从)搭配,即从句中介词搭配从句中的动词( on wh- … depend )
请看例句:
a. That depends on whom you ask.
b. He's someone on whom you can always depend.
我们看到,虽然两句中都含有on whom,但on来源不同,断句分别为:
a. That depends on [whom you ask]. (那得看你问的是谁了。)
b. He's someone [ on whom you can always depend ]. (他是你永远可以信赖的人。)
可见,a句中的on来自主句,与主句动词depends搭配;而b句中的on来自从句,与从句动词depend搭配,但被前置了,我们可以把on放回到depend后边,因此,b句可以改写成:
b1. He's someone [whom you can always depend on ].
从句类型分别是:a句中的whom you ask作on的宾语,故为宾语从句,且是名疑;b句中的whom you can always depend on是定语从句,修饰someone。
下面来看考研真题中的相关句子。
真题 Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. (2002年Text 1)
解析 断句如下:
Depending on [whom you are addressing] …
这里on whom属于1A型,即主句介词(on)搭配主句动词(depending)。括号中的从句作介词on的宾语,故为宾语从句,其中whom作addressing的宾语。这里addressing意思是“对……说话(speak to)”。
译文 根据你谈话的对象,问题将会有所不同。
真题 It's a theory to which many economists subscribe. (2003年Text 3)
解析 断句如下:
a. It's a theory [ to which many economists subscribe ].
这里to which属于2A型,即从句介词(to)搭配从句动词(subscribe),来自subscribe to搭配,意为“同意,赞同,支持”。介词to被前置了,可以后置写成:
b. It's a theory [which many economists subscribe to ].
括号中的从句是定语从句,修饰先行词theory,还原成简单句是:
Many economists subscribe to the theory (=to which).
译文 这是很多经济学家都赞同的理论。
真题 Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. (2009年Text 2)
解析 断句如下:
a. … the reference collections [ to which a sample is compared ].
这里to which属于2A型,即从句介词(to)搭配从句动词(compared),来自X is compared to Y搭配,意为“把X与Y进行比较”。介词to被前置了,可以后置写成:
b. … the reference collections [which a sample is compared to ].
括号中的从句是定语从句,修饰先行词reference collections,还原成简单句是:
A sample is compared to the reference collections (=to which).
译文 批评者还认为,商业基因检测的好坏取决于与样本进行比较的参照基因数据库的好坏。
真题 Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. (2001年Text 3)
解析 断句如下:
a. … a set of standard templates (patterns) [ into which they plug each day's events].
这里into which属于2A型,即从句介词(into)搭配从句动词(plug),来自plug X into Y搭配,意为“把X嵌入到Y中”。介词into被前置了,可以后置写成:
b. … a set of standard templates (patterns) [which they plug each day's events into ].
括号中的从句是定语从句,修饰先行词a set of standard templates,还原成简单句是:
They plug each day's events into a set of standard templates (=into which).
译文 大多数记者通过一组标准模板(模式)来学着看世界,他们将每天的事件套入这些模板。