尽管存在一些争议,但研究显示利妥昔单抗时代自体造血干细胞移植(ASCT)一线巩固治疗可为年龄调整的国际预后指数(age-adjusted IPI,aaIPI)评分高危患者带来生存获益,中国临床肿瘤学会(Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology,CSCO)指南推荐年轻高危DLBCL患者行一线ASCT治疗。
大剂量化疗联合ASCT作为一线治疗方案是否优于常规化疗方案,目前仍存在争议。在利妥昔单抗前时代就已有研究对这一问题进行了探讨。GELA研究及意大利的一项研究结果均显示,首次缓解期进行ASCT为aaIPI评分高危及高中危(aaIPI≥2分)DLBCL患者带来了生存获益 [1] 。另一项研究 [2] 结果显示,ASCT可改善aaIPI评分高中危患者的生存,但低危及低中危患者无获益。
在利妥昔单抗治疗时代,auto-HSCT作为一线治疗的效果同样是热点问题 [3] 。在一项前瞻性多中心Ⅱ期临床试验中,40例IPI评分高危或高中危的DLBCL患者经过3个周期R-CHOP14方案化疗后,其中30例进行了ASCT一线巩固治疗。结果显示,4年PFS率和OS率移植组分别为79.2%和85.9%,全组患者分别为72.0%和84.6% [4] 。韩国的一项研究纳入了150例初诊DLBCL患者,经6个周期R-CHOP方案诱导化疗后,23例高危患者进行了ASCT一线巩固治疗,与35例仅接受R-CHOP方案化疗且获得CR的高危DLBCL患者比较,接受ASCT治疗的患者具有更好的PFS( P =0.004),OS有改善趋势,但两组间差异无统计学意义( P =0.091) [5] 。
近年来,已有4项国际上的研究对比了免疫化疗或免疫化疗后联合一线ASCT治疗DLBCL的结果,其中2项研究显示一线ASCT能够改善中高危及高危组DLBCL患者的PFS,另外2项研究则未显示一线ASCT比剂量/密度增强的免疫化疗有更好的生存获益。因此,在免疫化疗时代,一线ASCT治疗DLBCL的地位尚存在争议 [6-9] 。我国研究者对经免疫化疗获得CR的113例高危DLBCL患者进行了回顾性分析,结果显示移植组患者PFS显著优于非移植组;OS有改善趋势,但差异无统计学意义。单因素分析发现,移植组年龄≤60岁患者的OS及PFS均优于>60岁患者,提示一线ASCT可能更适用于年轻的高危DLBCL患者 [10-11] 。因此,2018年发布的《造血干细胞移植治疗淋巴瘤中国专家共识》建议ASCT用于年轻、高危的DLBCL患者的一线巩固治疗 [12] 。
综上所述,尽管在免疫化疗时代,一线ASCT治疗DLBCL的地位尚存在争议,但相关研究表明对于年轻、高危的DLBCL患者,一线诱导治疗后获得CR或PR后行ASCT可延长患者无疾病进展时间,改善患者预后。因此,推荐年轻、高危的DLBCL患者在一线诱导治疗后获得CR及PR后行ASCT巩固治疗。
(贺怡子撰写,周辉审校)
[1]Haioun C, Lepage E, Gisselbrecht C, et al. Survival benefit of high-dose therapy in poor-risk aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma:final analysis of the prospective LNH87-2 protocol:a groupe d'Etude des lymphomes de l'Adulte study [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2000, 18 (16): 3025-3030.
[2]Santini G, Salvagno L, Leoni P, et al. VACOP-B versus VACOP-B plus Autologous bone marrow transplantation for advanced diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma:results of a prospective randomized trial by the non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cooperative Study Group [J]. J Clin Oncol, 1998, 16 (8): 2796-2802.
[3]Milpied N, Deconinck E, Gaillard F, et al. Initial treatment of aggressive lymphoma with high-dose chemotherapy and Autologous stem-cell support [J]. N Engl J Med, 2004, 350 (13): 1287-1295.
[4]Murayama T, Fukuda T, Okumura H, et al. Efficacy of upfront high-dose chemotherapy plus rituximab followed by Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for untreated high-intermediate-, and high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma:a multicenter prospective phase Ⅱ study (JSCT-NHL04) [J]. Int J Hematol, 2016, 103 (6): 676-685.
[5]Yoon JH, Kim JW, Jeon YW, et al. Role of frontline Autologous stem cell transplantation in young, high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients [J]. Korean J Intern Med, 2015, 30 (3): 362-371.
[6]Stiff PJ, Unger JM, Cook JR, et al. Autologous transplantation as consolidation for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 369 (18): 1681-1690.
[7]Vitolo U, Chiappella A, Brusamolino E, et al. Rituximab dosed-ense chemotherapy followed by intensified high-dose chemo-therapy and Autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC+ASCT) significantly reduces the risk of progression compared to standard rituximab dose-dense chemotherapy as first line treatment in young patients with high-risk (aaIPI 2-3) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): final results of phase Ⅲ randomized trial DLCL04 of the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL) [J]. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), 2012, 120 (21): 688.
[8]Schmitz N, Nickelsen M, Ziepert M, et al. Conventional chemo-therapy (CHOEP-14) with rituximab or high-dose chemotherapy (MegaCHOEP) with rituximab for young, high-risk patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma:an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial (DSHNHL 2002-1) [J]. Lancet Oncol, 2012, 13 (12): 1250-1259.
[9]Gouill SL, Milpied NJ, Lamy T, et al. First-line rituximab (R) high-dose therapy (R-HDT) versus R-CHOP14 for young adults with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma:Preliminary results of the GOELAMS 075 prospective multicenter randomized trial [J]. J Clin Oncol (ASCO Annual Meeting Abstract Part 1), 2011, 29 (15_suppl): 8003-8003.
[10]袁芳芳,尹青松,周健,等.自体造血干细胞移植一线巩固治疗高危弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的效果[J].白血病·淋巴瘤,2022,31(3):151-155.
[11]金正明.淋巴瘤自体造血干细胞移植的临床实践优化探索与未来展望[J].中国癌症杂志,2022,32(2):161-171.
[12]邹德慧,范磊.造血干细胞移植治疗淋巴瘤中国专家共识(2018版)[J].中华肿瘤杂志,2018,40(12):927-934.