如下著作捍卫了二元论的自由意志观:John Eccles and Karl Popper, The Self and Its Brain (Springer-Verlag, 1977); Richard Swinburne, The Evolution of the Soul (Oxford: Clarendon, 1986); John Foster, The Immaterial Self (Routledge, 1991); J. P. Moreland and Scott Rae, Body and Soul (InterVarsity, 2000)。本章所介绍的康德对自由意志的看法出现在《纯粹理性批判》和《道德形而上学基础》中。关于齐硕姆的行动者因果观点,见R. Chisholm, “Human Freedom and the Self ”,这篇文章收录在好几本文集中,例如,Gary Watson, Free Will , 2nd ed. (Oxford, 2003); Robert Kane, Free Will (Blackwell, 2002); Laura Waddell Ekstrom, Agency and Responsibility: Essays on the Metaphysics of Freedom (Westview, 2000)。如下著作以同情的态度考察了托马斯·里德的行动者因果观点:William Rowe, Thomas Reid on Freedom and Morality (Cornell, 1991)。