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National 13th Five-Year （ 十三五 ）Key Book The History of Chinese Landscape Gardening （ 中国风景园林史 ）formally established the editorial committee in Beijing. The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山东风景园林史 ）was included in The History of Northern Landscape Gardening （ 北方风景园林史 ）. Accepted by Mr. Li Chengji （ 李成基 ）from Beijing, the task, after full consultation and research,Shandong Province set up the core group of the editorial board of The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山东风 景园林史 ）, composed of Qi Haifeng （ 戚海峰 ）, Li Chengji （ 李成基 ）, Qiao Min （ 乔敏 ）, Zhao Xiaoping （ 赵晓平 ）, Li Ruijie （ 李瑞杰 ）, Jia Xiangyun （ 贾祥云 ）, recommending Jia Xiangyun （ 贾祥云 ）as the editor-in-chief. On the occasion of the annual meeting of Shandong Province Greening Industry Association （ 山东省绿化行业协会 ）held on November 10,2019, the relevant units of landscaping and greening in sixteen cities of Shandong Province unanimously agreed to participate in and actively support the preparation of The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山东风景园林史 ）. Thus the compilation work was officially launched. Due to the Shandong garden in the institutional reform stage, all over the gardens from the organization, name, affiliation is diverse, the work is difficult to carry out. The Editorial Committee decided to adopt a three-pronged approach combining associations,experts and enterprises. A organizing committee and editorial board composed of Shandong Province Landscaping Industry Association （ 山东省园林绿化行业协会 ）, Haidai Garden Series Monograph Editorial Committee （ 海岱园林系列专著编 委会 ）, as well as well-known scholars both inside and outside the province, experts, outstanding enterprises, colleges and universities, design institutes, and research units, will lead and guide the compilation work of The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山东风景园林史 ）.
The compilation of The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山东风景园林史 ）has always been fully supported and assisted by Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers （ 上海科学技术出版社 ）. Thank you all for your contributions to Shandong gardens. Your achievements and the history of Shandong gardens will be recorded in the annals of history.
The vast sea of history is shrouded in dust, and there is no precedent before the compilation of Shandong gardens （ 山东 园林 ）history, and historical materials are missing. The mountain has no words, water has no words, the task is heavy and the road is long. Everything is difficult at the beginning, the compilation of history books is even more so, the compilation work is like falling into the fog in the sea of clouds, into the realm of blurred trance, thousands of feelings at a loss.Fortunately, many garden sages, such as Mr. Wang Juyuan （ 汪 菊渊 ）, Mr. Chen Junyu （ 陈俊愉 ）, Mr. Sun Xiaoxiang （ 孙筱 祥 ）, Mr. Zhou Weiquan （ 周维权 ）, Mr. Chen Congzhou （ 陈从 周 ）, and Mr. Meng Zhaozhen （ 孟兆祯 ）, were all masters of gardens. They are well read, leaving valuable documentation for future generations, and pointing out the direction for the history of the sea and the preparation of the work.
Mr. Wang Juyuan （ 汪菊渊 ）(1913-1996), an academician of The Chinese Academy of Engineering （ 中国工程院 ）in 1995, is a landscape authority, educator, and landscape historian.“Chrysanthemum reflects Chinese culture and is as virtuous as the abyss.”He is the founder of Chinese landscape architecture,and has made important contributions to the establishment of scientific theories of landscape architecture and the study of the history of ancient Chinese landscape architecture. It is even more honored that he is my supervisor for my university graduation thesis, giving me instructions and earnest teachings, and inheriting his painstaking efforts in my works.
Mr. Wang Juyuan （ 汪菊渊 ）pointed out in The History of Chinese Classical Gardens （ 中国古典园林史 ）that:“The history of gardens mainly studies the development history of gardens in various countries and regions around the world, examines the evolution of garden content and form,summarizes the practical experience of gardening, explores the theoretical heritage of gardens, draws lessons from it, and serves as a reference for creation. To engage in the study of garden history, one must have knowledge of historical science,including history and specialized history, especially the history of art, architecture, and the history of thought.”
Studying the present and learning from the past, no way to achieve the present without the past. Chinese civilization and the history and culture of Chinese landscape garden has a long history. Shandong gardens are closely related to traditional Chinese garden culture and are an important component of Chinese gardens. They share the same roots and development stages. Shandong's gardens have unique characteristics and form their own system, which is an important enrichment and supplement to Chinese gardens in terms of garden theory and typical examples. Shandong gardens have made outstanding contributions to the theory and development of Chinese gardens.
The History of Chinese Landscape Gardening （ 中国风景园 林史 ）is the first complete summary of thousands of years of gardening achievements in China. It has a significant impact on the in-depth study, summarization and promotion of Chinese traditional culture, further promotes the deepening of the historical theory of the discipline of landscape architecture and enhances the world impact of Chinese traditional culture,and is another milestone in The History of Chinese Landscape Gardening （ 中国风景园林史 ）in the new era. The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山东风景园林史 ）is the pioneering work of Shandong gardens, filling the gap in the history of landscape architecture. As the old saying goes,“Where there is an accumulation of strength, there is nothing that can't be won; where there is a multitude of wisdom, there is nothing that can't be accomplished.”Shandong Gardeners firmly believe that unity and strength are immense, and the wisdom of the masses is infinite.
Meng Zhaozhen （ 孟兆祯 ）, an academician of The Chinese Academy of Engineering （ 中国工程院 ）, pointed out that:“the history of landscape gardening is an important vein of traditional history and culture, and it is a glorious and arduous task for today's landscape architects. The compilation of The History of Chinese Landscape Gardening （ 中国风景园林史 ）will become an important force in enhancing the confidence of the Chinese nation's landscape architecture. We must work together, learn from and follow the past, and compose a new chapter in The History of Chinese Landscape Gardening （ 中 国风景园林史 ）that cultivates the foundation and casts the soul.”Italian writer Calvino （ 卡尔维诺 ）:“Cities are made up of fragments, fragments of history, fragments of memory,fragments of sensation. A photo records a scene; a photo contains a story; a photo restores a history.”Today we gather memories of Shandong's light and shadow, allowing these fragments to recombine, freeze the past, and solidify the present. Write about spring and autumn for Shandong gardens.
There are two versions of the compilation of the history of gardens in Shandong. One of them is The History of Northern Landscape Gardens-Shandong Chapter （ 北方风景园林史·山 东篇 ）of The History of Chinese Landscape Gardening （ 中 国风景园林史 ）. This version was completed in 2021 with 150,000 words and has been submitted to Beijing. The editorial committee, in accordance with the requirements of the editor in-chief in Beijing, completed the task on schedule and made a typical speech at the national preparation meeting.
Closing the book and pondering, the magnificent Qilu （ 齐 鲁 ）region has a long history and profound cultural heritage.How can a mere 150,000 words cover a history and culture of over 8,000 years from the Houli Culture （ 后李文化 ）to 2019.Therefore, only the outline can be written. However, the landscape architects in Shandong have gone through many hardships, collecting and excavating a large amount of information. Abandoning it and putting it on hold truly made the hearts of them unwilling. At the same time, we can see that with the development of urban and rural areas, many famous scenic spots, gardens, and ancient trees have been damaged, remodeled,and disappeared during construction. Some have lost their proper environment and are losing their self-identity and uniqueness,while others are falsifying and tampering with history. Some only have ruins for people to pay their respects to.
What's worse, there has sparked a trend of imitating ancient culture, demolishing real and building fake ones.Imitation of ancient cultural relics, ancient places of interest and ancient cities came into being under the operation of commercialization, mixing the spurious with the genuine and confusing the public. Some even confusing one thing with another, confounding right and wrong, finally became a baseless rumor, being laughed by learned people.
For example, a rockery named Xiu Mei Qing Zhao （ 秀眉 清照 ）, designed, named, inscribed, prefaced, and modeled by renowned landscape expert Academician Meng Zhaozhen （ 孟 兆祯 ）, is 13 meters high and covers an area of 10,000 square meters. The rockery is steep and majestic, undulating and tumultuous, with caves and three cascades of waterfalls inside——it was inexplicably demolished in 2018,…Looking back on the past and understanding the future, all the achievements and mistakes of the past are recorded in historical records. So everyone spoke in unison, strongly demanding the compilation of the history of Shandong gardens.
In the spring of 2021, in Jining （ 济宁 ）, the hometown of Confucius and Mencius, Shandong gardeners assembled. The attendees unanimously agreed to immediately start the writing work of The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山东风景园林史 ）based on the northern part. It is not only a continuation and sublimation of the Northern Chapter （ 北方 篇 ）, but also a self-contained system, and is included in Haidai Garden Series Monographs （ 海岱园林系列专著 ）series.It draws on and utilizes the achievements of Hai Dai gardens such as Modern Gardens in Shandong （ 山东近代园林 ）, The Records of Ancient and Famous Trees in Shandong （ 山东古 树名木志 ）and The Development History of Chinese Stone Appreciation Culture （ 中国赏石文化发展史 ）, and further expands and deepens them, becoming a comprehensive,systematic, complete, and authoritative The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山东风景园林史 ）.
Chairman Mao Zedong （ 毛泽东 ）said,“Shandong is the earliest birthplace of the Chinese nation and an important part of ancient Chinese culture. It is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese culture.”
Shandong gardens originated in the pre-Qin （ 先秦 ）. In addition to the embryonic forms of gardens such as“confinement”,“platform”and“swamp”, cities, temples, tombs, and famous mountains and rivers also emerged. Its development process is basically equivalent to the development process of Chinese gardens, and it is in a continuous line. Shandong is also one of the important birthplaces of Chinese gardens. The compilation of the The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong has never been done before. Shandong landscape architects should further promote the deepening and research of Shandong landscape theory, and write the The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山东风景园林史 ）with a spirit of dedication.
In the long river of history, the Chinese nation has formed a great national spirit and excellent traditional culture, which is the cultural gene of the Chinese nation's endless growth and prosperity. The compilation of The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山东风景园林史 ）is the best opportunity for Shandong gardens to achieve cultural and spiritual innovation. Throughout the academic, historical, and artistic value of the study of Shandong's garden history, it is not only regional, narrow, and singular, but also requires a panoramic narrative and on-site investigation of history, adopting a diversified and multi angle approach that includes both vertical continuity and horizontal expansion.
The Complete Works of Zhu Zi （ 朱子全书 ）states:“Taking one and reflecting on three, hearing one and knowing ten, is the depth of scholar's hard work, the familiarity of poor principles,and then the ability to integrate and integrate them, to the extent of this.”
Scholar Qian Mu 's（ 钱穆 ） The Introduction to Chinese Cultural History （ 中国文化史导论 ）:“The root cause of the differences in culture and spirit is the natural environment, which affects the way of life, and then the way of life affects the culture and spirit.”When we advocate civilizational self-confidence, we should not just focus on history, but should also keep the right and innovate to create a new culture and enhance national self confidence.
Zhou Yi （ 周易 ）says:“Observe the humanities in order to transform the world”and“Look up to observe in astronomy,look down to observe in geography, then can we know the reason of the mysterious and the bright”. To observe geography and humanities is to embody the Chinese people's concern for the natural environment and social humanities, and the sentiment of Taoism and the law of nature. Therefore, we can possess the virtues of the gods and the emotions of all things.
The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山 东风景园林史 ）is a theoretical innovation and practical combination of written and unwritten history, and is an important component of Shandong's traditional historical and cultural heritage.
1. Read the history with words well, and absorb knowledge from history, literature, historical records, and other sources comprehensively and systematically.
A book with words is also a book of articles. It preaches morality and righteousness with articles, remembers history with poems and paintings.
Shandong has a long history and profound cultural heritage. Mount Tai （ 泰山 ）rises here, the Yellow River （ 黄河 ）flows into the sea here, and Confucius was born here. With the potential of mountains, seas, lakes, rivers, and springs,it can be described as a treasure of nature and outstanding people. Our ancestors left us with a large number of historical documents, cultural relics, and historical sites. The editorial board first organized personnel to study history seriously,formulated scientific and reasonable writing plans, and studied various types of literature seriously. Where there is a written description of the garden information, we must follow the clues recorded in the text, not afraid of long-distance travel, long distance travel, serious investigation. Where there is a written description of the garden information, we must follow the clues recorded in the text, not afraid of long-distance travel,long-distance travel, serious investigation. For example, The Drunken Taoist Stone （ 醉道士石 ）named by Su Dongpo （ 苏东 坡 ）. Based on the literature and pictures, Jia Xiangyun （ 贾祥 云 ）and Mr. Xia Mingcai （ 夏名采 ）, the director of Qingzhou Museum （ 青州博物馆 ）, finally found The Drunken Taoist Stone （ 醉道士石 ）after more than ten years of searching, and after rigorous examination, the historical stone was brought back to the light. The two men renewed the interrupted history by depositing this priceless treasure in the Qingzhou Museum （ 青州博物馆 ）. Under the guidance of the editorial board, the sixteen cities in Shandong （ 山东 ）Province have completed their respective historical manuscripts based on learning and investigation. The editorial board worked day and night,dedicating themselves to studying and meticulously reviewing and revising The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山东风景园林史 ）.
2. Examine the history without words and seek wisdom from nature, relics and cultural relics.
The history without words is a life experience, a journey of thousands of miles, visiting famous mountains and rivers,cultural relics and historical sites, and interpreting the history without words.
With the support of sixteen cities, the Shandong Landscape Architecture History Editorial Committee braved the scorching heat and cold, defied the hardships, and conducted investigations and research throughout the province. We explored the unknown, revealed the source, and carefully excavated, organized, and interpreted. For unknown garden sites, we searched through clues and gathered information from various sources, interviewed witnesses and insiders,excavated and organized information, and strived to master first-hand information. We eliminated falsehood and preserved truth, striving for authenticity. For some old photos, they are even more precious as they freeze and record the changes and historical events of the garden in the form of pictures.
An old and damaged photo from 1956 was collected in Baotu Spring Park （ 趵突泉公园 ）. After being identified by landscape expert Mr. Jia Xiangyun （ 贾祥云 ）, it was discovered that it was actually a photo taken by Mr. Meng Zhaozhen （ 孟兆祯 ）during his internship in Jinan （ 济南 ）. They are the first batch of garden graduates in new China, which has precious historical value. Mr. Jia immediately entrusted the photos to his classmate in Beijing and asked Mr. Meng for advice in person. Mr. Meng was very happy when he saw the photo, and immediately pointed out the seven classmates and teachers who participated in the internship one by one,activating a period of history and leaving behind a precious piece of information and historical anecdotes. At present, the photos are collected by the Chinese Garden Museum and have become the first precious document of Baotu Spring Park （ 趵 突泉公园 ）since its opening. An old photo has activated a period of history and restored the historical connection between Beijing Garden University and Jinan （ 济南 ）. Shandong's long history and unique local characteristics have created Qilu （ 齐 鲁 ）gardens. It is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese garden culture, which has made significant contributions to the formation, origin, pattern, and style of the theoretical system of Chinese gardens, as well as to the mountain and river culture and important historical materials. The compilation of the The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山东风景园林 史 ）should be regarded as a systematic project, therefore it is positioned as a "root seeking and continuation project".From the dimensions of time and space, with historical events as clues and natural geography as carriers, comprehensively displays the context of historical culture, cultural resources,natural environment and garden evolution.
Sitting and arguing is not as good as practical reading and serious practice. Do not be boastful, half-knowledgeable or unintelligent. It is important to be realistic, to sit down and carefully study the conception, change and development of gardens and their laws and local characteristics.
The compilation and directing work adopts a combination of internal literature review, external investigation and excavation of historical materials to comprehensively carry out the Shandong Landscape Exploration and Continuation Project, tracing its origin and excavating the source of gardens.We search up and down, conduct scientific research, explore the entire process of garden formation and development, as well as major events in the historical development process, and summarize the laws in its development process.
Shandong （ 山东 ）has always been a war-torn region. Due to wars, foreign invasions, natural and man-made disasters,cultural relics, scenic gardens and ancient or famous trees have been severely damaged. Many ancient glories have become memories of history. Under the noisy and impetuous academic atmosphere, the history of landscape gardening in Shandong is almost unattended. The history is a blank slate, and the study of garden history is pale and vacant. At present, there is no systematic history of gardens in Shandong, and only Modern Gardens in Shandong （ 山东近代园林 ）fills the gap in modern historical records.
But in fact, the history of Shandong gardens is not a water without a source. It has a source, a development, and a continuous development process. If such a large province lacks historical culture, it would be shameful for us to face our ancestors. Although the historical materials of Shandong gardens are poor and impoverished, there is a history, there are roots, there is a rich history and culture, which just has not yet been unearthed, organized and researched only. But facing the current situation of Shandong gardens, it is not easy to write history. Everyone is well aware that this requires a huge cost and overdraft of energy. The writing process is a difficult, meticulous, tortuous and enduring one, which is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also subject to various discussions and false comments.
Academician Wang Juyuan （ 汪菊渊 ）, a landscape expert,pointed out that:“Some historical materials related to gardens are very scarce and can be said to be rare. They are scattered in historical records, often appearing occasionally through certain historical events.”This is the true saying. Compilation is a process of eliminating falsehood and preserving truth, just like searching for gold in sand.
Occasionally discovered historical unique copies and ancient books in the sea are regarded as treasures, providing strong documentary support for Shandong gardens. For example, the alliance between the states of Lu （ 鲁国 ）and Ju （ 莒国 ）was held under the Great Ginkgo on Mount Furai in Ju County （ 莒县浮来山 ）， Spring and Autumn Annals （ 春 秋 ）describes the appearance of the 4,000-year-old Ginkgo biloba （ 银杏 ）, providing detailed historical information for the study of ancient and famous trees; the book also records the alliance between the states of Qi and Lu in Luo , where they built a platform and formed an alliance by the Luo River （ 泺水 ）, providing accurate written records of Baotu Spring （ 趵 突泉 ）and opening the door to garden construction. The editorial board searches and excavates from vast historical materials, literature, travelogues, poetry, written works, as well as paintings, treatises and archaeological excavations.However, the information is a mixture of good and bad, and must be scrutinized rigorously. Professor Wang Juyuan （ 汪菊 渊 ）pointed out that:“We certainly write history, but it is not necessary or possible to list out all the garden parts recorded in history for research. We can only analyze and study literary materials as much as possible for gardens that have played an important role in the development of the entire garden history,in terms of content and form transformation, or can represent a new era and new situation.”Learn history to understand reason, learn history to enhance credibility, learn history to uphold virtue, and learn history to practice.
Undoubtedly, Shandong gardens have been overlooked in the field of garden history for many years, like pearls that have long been buried underground. Some, although documented in literature, are rarely known and buried by layers of historical dust; some are occasionally cited, either because they are stuck at the beginning or end, or because they are full of errors,spreading false information. For example, Weifang Shihu Garden （ 潍坊十笏园 ）has been published as a monograph by authoritative universities, but the data verification is not accurate, and there are 7 errors in an article. A small rocky is jaw-droppingly mislabeled in terms of height, width and shape.Even low-level errors such as the size of the pavilion, the depth of the courtyard and the wrong name, have repeatedly appeared, misleading several generations and becoming authoritative works full of errors. The famous stone " Turtle Stone "（ 龟石 ）in Baotu Spring Park （ 趵突泉公园 ）was from the Song Dynasty （ 宋朝 ）, but it was mistakenly renamed as Dragon Stone （ 龙石 ）for hundreds of years. The difference in height between these two famous stones is more than two and a half meters, but people do not believe it. It is a pity that this kind of spreading false information and turning a blind eye is being practiced.
It is easy to see that writing history is difficult. Our task,basing on the classics and history, is not only to search for the source and flow, but also have the responsibility of verifying and correcting errors. The foundation of culture is essentially history. Yong Jian （ 雍坚 ）pointed out in his essay The Research on Jinan （ 考证济南 ）that we should uphold the concept that“the significance of learning history is to correct history”, be good at questioning, and have the courage to correct mistakes, in order to find the truth of history through research and restore the development context of Shandong gardens.
To compile a history book is not a one-time measure, it requires a lot of time and energy, careful examination, and meticulous attention. It has to be historically accurate, but also well-founded and well-documented. However, the work of writing history is undertaken by civil society organizations,which are under the predicament of having no funds, no office space, no equipment and no personnel. However, the preparatory work has coincided with the outbreak of the epidemic in recent years, which has made it difficult to make progress. During the convergence of the draft in Weifang （ 潍坊 ）, seven people in the garden of Weihai suddenly received instructions to isolate in the night. In the dead of night, police cars and ambulances suddenly arrived, and they were forcibly driven away. They left Weifang （ 潍坊 ）overnight, with the car doors sealed and no stops allowed. What's even more puzzling is that as people from Weihai, Qi Haifeng （ 戚海峰 ）and his six companions were not allowed to return to Weihai, so they had to endure nearly 20 days of quarantine in another city. Those who stayed behind were also suddenly ordered to evacuate at night, and at two or three o'clock in the night they hurriedly packed their books and fled in disarray. But they were also worried that Weifang （ 潍坊 ）cars would not be allowed to disembark in Jinan （ 济南 ）, so they had to let Jinan （ 济南 ）cars wait in the rest area and transfer Mr. Jia's luggage and information to Jinan （ 济南 ）cars before they could proceed. The continuous pandemic for three years has brought us heavy pressure in our writing work. We have to drag more than ten cardboard boxes of information, wandering and wandering between more than ten cities in Shandong, truly and profoundly experiencing the connotation of“enduring hardships”. In order to investigate the data, Qi Haifeng （ 戚海峰 ）, Qiao Min （ 乔敏 ）,and Jia Xiangyun （ 贾祥云 ）took a risk and rushed to Daqin Island in Changdao County （ 长岛县大钦岛 ）for investigation during the epidemic. When they disembarked, each village took their own villagers according to the requirements of the neighborhood committee. People are gone, only three people left dragging their suitcases and waiting in agony... The situation is so woeful that it looks like the African refugees have been abandoned after being smuggled across the border!
In December of one year, we braved the severe cold of minus ten degrees Celsius and climbed Culai Mountain （ 徂徕 山 ）to investigate. The mountain wind is howling, and the cold wind is piercing. To keep out the cold, the two ladies put socks over their heads...
When visiting the ancient Yellow River （ 黄河故道 ）in the scorching summer, the temperature was over 30 degrees Celsius and it was unbearable. Everyone was sweating profusely, feeling dizzy and bloated, making it difficult to breathe. Haifeng's shirt was soaked and pasted on his back,forming an uneven pattern, jokingly known as the“Great Yu's Water Control Map”, and the photo was eagerly broadcasted.However, there was an unforeseen circumstance. Qi Haifeng （ 戚海峰 ）suffered a fracture. But he endured the pain and sat in a wheelchair, traveling through several cities, rushing to compile history. Finally, it caused bone dislocation and was hospitalized with steel needles and plates. Even when lying in the hospital bed, he persisted in working hard for compiling history. The scenery is heartbreaking and deeply emotional.
The investigation of ancient trees was particularly difficult.In the wilderness, we sometimes took a ox cart to get there,and the road was bumpy and difficult to navigate. Once, in order to measure an ancient tree, Ms. Qiao Min climbed up a cliff to measure the tree despite her physical injuries, but without a foothold, she lost her footing and rolled down the cliff, struggling among the thorns. Fortunately, she rolled into a pit and avoided a catastrophe. When they picked her up from it, they were still shocked and heartbroken to see her bruised and battered. After the shock had subsided, we realized that this was a blessing in disguise! Everyone looked at each other and laughed, which could be considered a pleasure in hardship! Sometimes, in order to get a real picture, people are photographed in a variety of poses. Some are lying on their stomachs, some are lying on their backs, some are climbing rooftops, some are climbing big trees, and so on. They are really racking their brains and showing their skills. It's all for leaving real photos, leaving the historical originality of hearing,seeing, and experiencing for yourself, and framing precious historical materials with your lens.
Weifang Shihu Garden（ 潍坊十笏园 ）is an ancient garden,known for its smallness and delicacy. It is a typical transitional garden between the north and the south, which has been cited in textbooks and authoritative works. However, it is better to have no book than to trust all books. Books should be read carefully, but they should be flexibly applied and not be bound by conventions, so as not to read without understanding.Although there are already authoritative works, practice is the only criterion for testing truth. We should be good at independent thinking and have doubts when facing problems.
Chen Xianzhang （ 陈献章 ）, a Ming dynasty scholar, said:“Doubt is the value of learning, small doubts lead to small progress, and big doubts lead to great progress. Doubts are the opportunity for enlightenment.”The so-called knowledge refers to learning and asking, which is the foundation of awakening and understanding. We were shocked to discover many errors during our investigation, so we mobilized Zibo （ 淄博 ）and Weifang （ 潍坊 ）Landscape Design Institutes to start comprehensive surveying and mapping. Guo Hailin （ 郭海林 ）and me went through all kinds of difficulties to get the mapping right from the Cultural Relics Bureau （ 文 物局 ）. This is the first time in history that the Shihu Garden （ 十笏园 ）has been scientifically and comprehensively mapped.Everyone personally measured the pavilions, corridors,buildings, platforms, gates, caves, roads, rockeries, and water systems of Shihu Garden （ 十笏园 ）, and made real drawings and records. Someone climbed the roof, someone climbed to the mountaintop, using simple tapes and hemp ropes to measuring meticulously. Everyone treasured the rare opportunity to take measurements. When the surveying results came out, people were amazed and began to rediscover this historic park. A surveying map, a set of new data, also gave people a profound warning and insight. There is a feeling of not knowing the true face of Mount Lu, it is simply unbelievable!The height and width of the rockery, the height and area of the pavilions, and the depth of the courtyard of Shihu Garden （ 十 笏园 ）are all full of errors and serious inaccuracies. The facts of mapping in the field teach us that "authoritative works" are not authoritative. History has mercilessly played a big joke, and it is these blackmailed historical materials that have been used as textbooks of the golden rule, misleading several generations of people. The harsh facts educate us to know that learning history is the only way to know the present; we must insist on learning from history, keeping the right and innovating.
We moved through sixteen cities in Shandong Province,running through the counties and townships of the mountains and rivers, cultural relics, scenic gardens, ancient and famous trees.Over the past five years we have all traveled long distances, cut through the thorns, disregarding the exhaustion of the boat and the mind. We should never forget our original intention and stick to our mission. Though we have given our heart and soul and overdrawn our energy, we have no regrets and are determined to do so. At the same time, we regard investigation and research as a spiritual baptism and an opportunity for learning, as well as a process of promoting education and protecting historical relics. Zhou Cypress （ 周柏 ）, from The Huanggai Ran Zi Temple （ 黄垓冉子庙 ）in Jining （ 济宁 ）, has always been regarded as Tang Cypress （ 唐柏 ）in local city annals, county annals, and promotional materials. The old trees are silent, and people are used to it. But after our rigorous investigation and analysis,comparing with ancient trees across the country, and combining with Ran Zi 's（ 冉子 ）life, after a long period of analysis and strict argumentation, we have determined that it is an ancient cypress planted in the Spring and Autumn period, belonging to the Zhou Cypress （ 周柏 ）. This has corrected historical errors,cleared the source, restored the authenticity of history, and allowed this ancient cypress to enter the Zhou Cypress （ 周柏 ）series.
Chengshantou （ 成山头 ）is a famous historical relic,renowned for its sea erosion landscape throughout the country,and also a place where the Qin Shi Huang and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty （ 秦皇汉武 ）worshipped the sun. At that time, Hu Yaobang （ 胡耀邦 ）personally inscribed "The End of the Sky" and set up a monument on it. However, out of ignorance and selfishness, some of those in power have the audacity and audacity to cut down the original hill and rebuild an even higher hill with reinforced concrete on top of it, changing the name"The End of the Sky" to "The Sky Has No End", and then to"The Cape of Good Hope". They acted arbitrarily and recklessly,tampering with history, destroying the original topography and geomorphology, as well as the original authenticity of cultural relics and their surroundings, causing irreparable damage to cultural relics, which has also become a sigh of regret for the ages! Shandong gardeners firmly opposed this destructive behavior by writing letters and publishing articles, whipping it,and publishing an article titled The Crying Chengshantou （ 哭 泣的成山头 ）in the Shandong Gardens magazine （ 山东园林 ）.However, we are so small and insignificant that we can only sigh and lament the lost cultural relics!
In the late period of the Cultural Revolution, shadows shrouded and the soul was still in shock. For the phenomenon of destroying garden relics, gardeners are mostly upset and angry. In January 1981, the People's Daily （ 人民日报 ）published Jia Xiangyun 's（ 贾祥云 ）letter, A Famous Garden at Risk （ 一 座名园毁在旦夕 ）. He took the risk of exposing the reality of destructive construction. A stone stirred up a thousand waves.Under the concern of the provincial and municipal leaders, the destructive construction was stopped and the Yuan Dynasty （ 元 代 ）historical garden, Wan Zhu Yuan （ 万竹园 ）, was preserved.This is how gardeners, under great pressure and at risk, use their own meager strength to publicize garden culture and protect the historical lineage. Gardeners protect historical and cultural heritage in different ways. At the same time, we deeply understand that only with self-improvement and confidence can we not disappoint the garden. Only by truly enhancing national cultural confidence can we continuously expand the field of garden culture.
To explore the development of gardens, efforts are made to discover various clues from literature. According to the history of the Qing Dynasty （ 清朝 ）, on the 16th day of the first lunar month in the 28th year (1689) during the reign of Emperor Kangxi （ 康熙 ）of the Qing Dynasty （ 清朝 ）, during his second southern tour, Kangxi （ 康熙 ）revisited Baotu Spring （ 趵突泉 ）in Jinan （ 济南 ）and personally inscribed the phrase"moistening things", symbolizing that the water of Baotu Spring （ 趵突泉 ）moistened all things and benefited the people.When he arrived at the Imperial Stele Pavilion, he sat under an ancient cypress tree, received the courtiers, and wrote the four words "clean and flowing", praising the cleanliness and elegance of Baotu Spring （ 趵突泉 ）. Why did Kangxi （ 康熙 ）choose to sit under the ancient cypress tree? What is the history of the ancient cypress trees? After strict examination, the ancient cypress that receives the ministers under the shade of the tree is the ancient cypress tree by the Guluo Platform （ 古 泺台 ）that was built in the Spring and Autumn period when Qi and Lu States met and made an alliance. It is more than 2,000 years old, but still flourishing leaves, trunk great age,full of vitality. The dense tree canopy sheltered nearly an acre of ground and was deeply loved by Kangxi （ 康熙 ）, so he sat under the ancient cypress tree to rest and receive his courtiers.From then on, the ancient cypress tree was also written into history. When Jinan （ 济南 ）was liberated, this tree was riddled with bullet marks from gunfire, but it still grew tenaciously and was only destroyed in 1966. The ancient cypress trees have witnessed the history through the vicissitudes of time, and corroborated the rise and fall of the Guluo Platform （ 古泺台 ）.
At 14:35 on May 12, 2008, I discovered that The Old Golden Thread Spring （ 老金线泉 ）in Baotu Spring Park （ 趵突泉公园 ）, which was known for its calmness and occasional appearance of golden threads, suddenly appeared abnormally. The spring tumbled like a boiling pot and the water filled with bubbles. At that time, he sensitively associated it with the phenomenon of spring tsunami and immediately took photos to leave a historical image. A few minutes later the spring pool returned to calm. At that time, he didn't know the reason, but it was only after Xinhua News Agency （ 新华社 ）announced the Wenchuan earthquake （ 汶川大地震 ）that he suddenly realized. Just seven minutes after the Wenchuan earthquake （ 汶川大地震 ）, the Golden Thread Spring Roar was triggered. This allows people to deeply understand the wonders of nature and also proves that the Earth is a whole,and earthquakes and spring howls are caused by the movement of crustal plates. There are written records of spring tsunami in Shunjing Well （ 舜井 ）and Baotu Spring （ 趵突泉 ）in Jinan （ 济南 ）, but there are no pictures available. The photo is an isolated evidence, which is of great value and a once-in-a lifetime opportunity to provide precious information on Jinan Spring Culture （ 济南泉水文化 ）.
Recently, I read Mr. Niu Guodong 's（ 牛国栋 ）article Magpie Hua Autumn Colors in the Smoke and Rain （ 鹊华秋 色烟雨中 ）, with far-reaching ideas, informative information,illustrated, and benefited a lot. It leads us to trace the lost historical and cultural landscape from ancient paintings. Indeed,in the history of Chinese painting, the painting scroll Autumn Colors of Magpie Blossoms （ 鹊华秋色 ）by Zhao Mengfu （ 赵孟 頫 ）of the Yuan Dynasty（ 元代 ）holds a unique position. From its legendary circulation and collection, as well as the passing collections of emperors and scholars, as well as the imprints of seals and inscriptions, it can be seen how many people have been fascinated, admired, studied and verified by it. It is difficult for any painting to enjoy such a prestigious status. The painting scroll Autumn Colors of Magpie Blossoms （ 鹊华秋色 ）is a freehand painting, with exquisite composition and profound artistic conception. At the same time, he also realistically,truthfully, and systematically recorded the natural environment in the northern part of Jinan （ 济南 ）during the Yuan Dynasty （ 元代 ）. Today, Queshan （ 鹊山 ）, Mount Hua （ 华山 ）, rivers,and villages still exist. No wonder in the thirteenth year of the Qianlong reign （ 乾隆 ）(1748), when the emperor was on a hunting trip to Jinan （ 济南 ）and witnessed the beautiful scenery of magpies, he suddenly had a strange idea. He took the scroll from the Imperial Household, according to the map and the scene against the actual scene, and personally inscribed the title in large letters at the beginning of the introduction, but also in the blanks of the scroll stamped with a number of jade seals, and inscribed nine trembles, and included in the imperial collection catalog of the first draft of The Precious Collection of the Stone Moat （ 石渠宝笈 ）. This is truly unique.
Autumn Colors of Magpie Blossoms （ 鹊华秋色 ）realistically depicts the late autumn scene in northern Jinan （ 济南 ）at the end of the thirteenth century. A forest of grass and trees,rustling leaves, green reeds, four or five goats, a few thatched cottages, a few light boats…The scene in the painting is still vaguely visible until the 1970s. The vast, tranquil, and dynamic beauty of the countryside is unparalleled and picturesque,almost comparable to the beauty of a paradise. Queshan （ 鹊 山 ）is located on the north bank of Guji River （ 古济水 ）, with a horizontal terrain and an altitude of 120. 8 meters. Before the Song Dynasty （ 宋朝 ）, there was a vast expanse of water at the foot of the mountain. Zeng Gong （ 曾巩 ）wrote in his poem Queshan （ 鹊山 ）:“A mountain rises alone with a majestic momentum.” Huabuzhu Mountain （ 华不注山 ）stands on the south bank,“A single and beautiful lake, not even connected to hills to elevate oneself; Tiger teeth stand tall, solitary peaks stand tall and straight to pierce the sky; Green cliffs with green hair, looking at the same Dai.”At the foot of the mountain lies the vast and blue lotus lake. Li Bai （ 李白 ）sang loudly:“In the past, I traveled to the capital of Qi, climbing the peak of Huabuzhu Mountain （ 华不注山 ）. The mountains here are so beautiful and green as hibiscus.”
The scroll Autumn Colors of Magpie Blossoms （ 鹊华秋 色 ）recreates the historical style and allows us to relive the historical meaning and flavor, and also provides valuable information for the garden planning in Jinan （ 济南 ）.
Qilu since ancient times for the saints of the state, one of the birthplace of Chinese civilization, beautiful scenery,heavy culture, unique resources, numerous cultural relics and monuments, although the remains of no self, but still retains its characteristics.
On June 8, 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping （ 习近平 ）pointed out, The Chinese nation has a civilization history of more than 5,000 years, and we have to admire the excellent traditional Chinese culture and be firm in our cultural confidence. We should be adept at drawing ideas and thinking of governance from the excellent traditional Chinese culture,draw extensively on all the excellent civilization achievements in the world, not be closed and rigid, let alone taking everything foreign as a guideline, and unswervingly follow the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Classical gardens in Shandong are closely related to the history of Shandong's civilization, and it is an important part of Shandong's traditional culture. In terms of its content and depth, it involves unique nature, humanities and environment.Later in the long river of history, continuous self-improvement,evolution and development, reaching the peak. Shandong prehistoric culture, rather than following the pattern of other provinces, has its own origins and has formed a complete and unique prehistoric cultural genealogy.
The style and art form of Shandong gardens are profoundly influenced by socio-political, cultural, philosophical and theoretical ideologies. The theoretical basis followed in the creation of Shandong gardens, i. e. the philosophical basis, is also the cultural core. It influences and infiltrates the gardens and becomes the dominant ideology of Shandong garden creation and the theoretical basis of gardening practice.
The theoretical basis of Chinese gardening, also known as the classical gardening philosophy, is generally believed to be: the unity of man and heaven, The idea of man of honor admire moral, the idea of fairy mountain, the three theoretical foundations. Shandong gardening people rack on their brains （ 殚精竭虑 ）, tracing the roots of the search and persistent exploration, systematic research, while using a large number of historical materials to prove the theoretical basis of classical gardens in Shandong and the origin and development of gardens. It is the same root and source with the Chinese classical garden, the same period of time, common development. Not only that, three theoretical foundations, two of which originated in Shandong, another theory of Shandong people for the supplement and sublimation, so that the previous illusory theories, there is a real certificate.
1. Confucius （ 孔子 ）man of honor admire moral thought,for traditional Chinese culture has the tradition of the object to say, man of honor admire moral thought originated in Confucianism. Confucius （ 孔子 ）:The wise man enjoys the water, the benevolent man enjoys the mountains. The wise man moves, the benevolent man is quiet. The wise man is happy, the benevolent man lives. man of honor admire moral,originated in Shandong. Confucius put forward the man of honor admire moral, that is, the natural mountains and rivers of the stability of the water flow with the benevolence of the thick and the wisdom of the spirit of movement together, the natural mountains and rivers have been personified. Due to the humanization of nature and natural personification, the aesthetics of nature is no longer limited to the value of nature itself, but more importance and appreciation of the value of the moral sentiment attached to nature, that is, the classical Chinese gardens in pursuit of the mood.
2. Immortal Mountain thought mainly from the Shandong Penglai immortal mountain Qiongdao, the core is the sea three immortal mountain, Penglai, Yingzhou, Fangzhang,it is it created the Chinese classical garden a pool of three mountains pattern, from the Qin and Han Dynasty to the present day, continued for more than 2,000 years. A large number of historical data to support, Shandong is a pool of three mountains garden theory of the source, Shandong for the Chinese classical garden to lay a solid theoretical foundation.
3. With regard to the idea of the unity of heaven and man, Guan Zhong's （ 管仲 ）idea that man and heaven are in harmony, and then the beauty of heaven and earth is born and Mencius' （ 孟子 ）idea that he who has done his heart's work knows his nature. If you know your nature, then you know the sky, pointing out that the nature of the human mind and the natural law of the sky is one and the same. Shandong's Guan Zi （ 管子 ）and Meng Zi （ 孟子 ）both made important contributions to the idea of the unity of heaven and man, making important additions, interpretations and enhancements to it, and together they pushed the idea of the unity of heaven and man to a peak.
Based on the above informative historical materials, we firmly cultural confidence, the source, prove that Shandong garden culture is an important source of Chinese garden culture, Shandong garden culture is the source rather than flow,is one of the birthplaces of Chinese garden culture.
Shandong gardens originated in the Pre-Qin （ 先秦 ）, there is the Eastern Zhou (Spring and Autumn) Dynasty （ 东周 ）enclosure, swamps and platforms, growing in the Qin and Han （ 秦汉 ）, turning in the Wei, Jin and North and South （ 魏晋 南北朝 ）, maturing in the Sui and Tang （ 隋唐 ）, the two Song （ 两宋 ）, the Yuan Dynasty （ 元朝 ）perfected, the Ming and Qing （ 明清 ）, the Republic of China （ 民国 ）for the scientific development of the period, and the founding of PRC （ 新中国 ）,a comprehensive revitalization of the scientific development of the ecological gardens into a period of time. Shandong is located in the east, there has always been a fashion for nature.Shandong gardens inherit the tradition of revering nature, has a deep historical and cultural deposits, has its own unique theoretical basis. And rich categories, along the orderly, self contained system, everywhere cohesion of the wisdom of the former and innovation.
1. Classical gardens in China began in the Western Zhou Dynasty （ 西周 ）. King Wen of the Zhou （ 周文王 ）set up the Spirit Catchment in the south of Fengjing and built the Spirit Terrace. Poetry-Daya-Lingtai （ 诗经·大雅·灵台 ）said:The beginning of the Lingtai, through the camp, not a day into it. Do not rush through the beginning of the common people to come. The king is in the spirit of the catch, the doe deer you volt. This is China's earliest recorded garden form. At that time in the spirit of the catch in the lush water and grass,forests and trees, deer in the forest, birds soaring in the sky,swimming fish active in the pond, the scenery is fascinating.During the same period of time, there were also cathedrals in Shandong, such as the cathedral of Duke Xuan of Qi （ 齐宣公 ）,which covered an area of 40 temples and was located in the city of Guo, comparable to the cathedral of the King of Wen.The conversation in which King Xuan of Qi （ 齐宣王 ）asked Meng Zi （ 孟子 ）for advice has become a reliable documentary source. The size, location, function and management system of Duke Xuan's enclosure was recorded in detail, and these precious historical materials reveal the beginning of gardens in Shandong and show the content of enclosure.
2. The Ancient Luotai , where Qi and Lu met in the Spring and Autumn （ 春秋时期 ）, is the earliest garden. According to the Spring and Autumn Annals （ 春秋 ）, In the first month of the spring of the 18th year, the Marquis of Qi met at Luo . It is recorded that King Huan of Lu （ 鲁桓公 ）met King Xiang of Qi （ 齐襄公 ）, the father of King Huan of Qi （ 齐桓公 ）, in Luo in the 18th year (694 BC). Luo is the ancient name for the water,now Jinan Baotu. In ancient times, Baotu called Luo . Qi and Lu two countries in Baotu alliance and build the ancient Luo platform. East Han Xu Shen （ 许慎 ） Shuo Wen Jie Zi （ 说文解 字 ）said: Luo , the water between Qi and Lu also. Jin Du Yu （ 杜 予 ）made a note that: Luo river in Jin. Luo river source that Baotu also. Baotu is a natural wealth given by God. Since the Spring and Autumn dynasties of Springs people, built on water,alongside the springs, so there are springs in Jinan, poetry into the garden that the springs are the core and soul of Jinan, Jinan people love the springs, loyal to the springs, protection of the springs, construction of the springs.
For generations, the spring water has been surrounded by the E Jiang Ancestral Temple, Lu Zu Temple, Luo Yuan Hall, Lishan Hall, Guan Lan Pavilion, Lai He Bridge, Chung Lun Pavilion, dug ponds and placed stones, planted trees and flowers. For more than 2,000 years, they have been trying their best to build gardens by the spring water and the ancient Luotai. Year after year, it has been handed down from generation to generation without interruption. Its scale is getting bigger and bigger, and there are more and more garden categories. Celebrities and elegant people gathered to compose poems and paintings. Springs and ponds, famous stones, bridges, pavilions, ancient trees, famous trees skillfully configured, beautiful scenery. Kangxi （ 康熙 ）, Yongzheng （ 雍 正 ）, Qianlong （ 乾隆 ）visited many times, Kangxi （ 康熙 ）in the ancient Luotai under the ancient cypress tree, received the ministers, tasting the spring, has written turbulence source of clean flow and the Royal Poetry. Qianlong seal Baotu for the world's first spring. Throughout the generations, the construction of pavilions, platforms, buildings, lofts, bridges,along with ancient trees, becoming a dashing and exquisite Baotu landscape. Ancient Luotai and Baotu together constitute a garden landscape, since the Spring and Autumn period to the present day increasingly prosperous, and historically accurate,piquant in the world, and become the earliest in Shandong Province and even the country's first a garden. The ancient juniper tree is more than 2,000 years old, was destroyed in 1966, now leaving only a tumor for people to visit.
Penglai in Shandong Province, known as Dengzhou in ancient times, has been known as the fairyland on earth since ancient times. In the long-term social and historical evolution,it has formed a natural and unique history and culture. People sing the praises of the sea and yearn for the sea. Poetry:The eastern clouds and the sea are empty again and again,and the group of immortals are in the empty and bright.Dang shaking the floating world of the birth of ten thousand elephants, is not there Bei Que hide beads Palace. Legend has it that in the Bohai Sea, there are three immortal mountains:Penglai, Yingzhou and Fangzhang, where there is the elixir of immortality.
East China Sea three immortal mountain, also known as three pots, square zhang said square pot, Penglai said Penglai,Yingzhou said Ying pot. According to the Historical Records Book of Fengshan （ 史记·封禅书 ）records: Since the Wei,Xuan, Yan Zhao made people into the sea to seek Penglai,Fangzhang, Yingzhou three sacred mountains, the wind leads and go. The winds led them away. The immortals and the medicine of immortality were all there.
According to the Classic of Mountains and Seas （ 山海经 ）,there are three immortal mountains in the sea, Penglai,Yingzhou, Fangzhang, the mountain is a fairyland, there is the medicine of immortality. Very coincidentally, Penglai mirage,in the temple island archipelago around the mirage often appear mirage spectacle, for this more inspire people to look for the immortal mountain, seek the enthusiasm of the medicine of immortality. According to The Historical Records-Biography of Qin Shi Huang （ 史记·秦始皇本纪 ）, the local priest Xu Fu （ 徐福 ）and other books, that there are three immortal mountains in the sea, called Penglai, Fangzhang, Yingzhou.Due to the special local climate and natural conditions, as well as the Fangshi's promotion, the beautiful and attractive myths and legends of the Sea Immortal Mountain and the elixir of immortality have become the dream of the ancient emperors,such as King Wei of Qi （ 齐威王 ）, King Xuan of Qi （ 齐宣王 ）, King Zhaowang of Yan （ 燕昭王 ）, Qin Shi Huang and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty （ 秦皇汉武 ）, etc. The search for the Sea Immortal Mountain has long been underway. The search for the Immortal Mountain on the Sea and the elixir of immortality began for a long time, promoting the deepening and perfection of the culture of the Immortal Mountain on the Sea and interpreting a scene of mythological stories. But objectively,for the development and growth of Chinese classical garden,laid the foundation for the formation of one pool and three mountains of Chinese traditional garden pattern, but also to informative historical and cultural materials, supporting the one pool and three mountains of the Chinese traditional garden pattern of the historical source, is the Penglai Three Immortal Mountains and the island of Immortality culture.
Meng Zhaozhen （ 孟兆祯 ）academician in order to investigate the sea immortal mountain culture, many times to Shandong,personally go to Penglai, Bohai Sea, the mouth of the Yellow River, Huangxian Xu Fu Memorial Museum and other places to visit, and in the Longkou (Huangxian) to make academic reports, surveys and research and write an article titled Yingzhou Wing in the early summer of the year dinghai(2007).
According to Cao Lindi's （ 曹林娣 ） Chinese Garden Culture （ 中国园林文化 ）The living space of the gods conceived by the Chinese ancestors was a combination of sacred mountains and the sea, in which mountains, water, rocks, plants, and buildings were all present, which happened to be the basic elements of the gardens of later generations.
According to San Qin Ji （ 三秦记 ）, Qin Shi Huang （ 秦 始皇 ）sent Xu Fu （ 徐福 ）into the sea, to the sea of the three sacred mountains to seek immortal medicine unsuccessfully,in order to reproduce the quest for the island of immortality,and so dug a long pool in Xianyang, draw the Wei Wei water,and piled up Penglai Mountain in the water, in order to seek the descent of the immortals. Historical Records-Book of Fengshan （ 史记·封禅书 ）, following Qin Shi Huang and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty （ 秦皇汉武 ）dug a pool in Jianzhang Palace in Chang'an, named Tai Liquid Pond, which imitates the three sacred mountains in the sea, seeking spiritual comfort. The History of the Han Dynasty （ 汉书 ）: Jianzhang south of the Jade Hall, Bimen three layers, platform height of thirty feet. Jade Hall within the hall of twelve doors, steps and aprons are all jade for the. Cast copper phoenix, five feet high, decorated with gold, building up and down, to the wind as Xiang. The rafter head thin to Biyu, because the name Biyu door. To sum up, into the main gate (Bimen), into the round Que, Medicare Que, and then the jade hall, and then north of the Jianzhang Palace (Hall), built on a high platform. North of Jianzhang Palace is the famous Tai Liquid Pond. San Fu Huang Tu （ 三辅黄图 ）: Taiyi pool in Chang'an in the west,Jianzhang Palace north, southwest of Weiyang Palace. Too liquid to say that its infiltration and wide. Visible is a wide lake pool. The old story of Sanfu （ 三辅旧事 ）has: Taiyi Pond,in the north of Jianzhang Palace, the pool circumference back to a thousand hectares. There are three sacred islands in the Taiyi Pond. The Historical Records-Biography of Xiao Wu （ 史记·孝武本纪 ）contained: its north (refers to the north of the Palace of Jianzhang) rule large pools, gradual platform height of more than ten feet, the name of the Taiyi Pond, there are Penglai, Fangzhang, Yingzhou, pot Liang like the sea in the mountains of the gods, turtles and fish of the genus. The pot beam is like a sacred mountain in the sea, meaning that the three islands are shaped like the beams of a pot vessel,as in the shape of the legendary sacred mountain in the sea.Three wigwams were piled up in the pool and named Penglai,Fangzhang and Yingzhou respectively. This kind of islands and mountains of God said deeply affected the Chinese traditional gardens, the development of Chinese classical gardens gardening art played a great demonstration and enlightenment,especially on the royal gardens spatial layout changes have a significant impact. In order to enrich the content of the empty and bland pool, the model of Sanxian Mountain was chosen to add islands and structures to make the landscape level and content, producing a gradual change in the landscape as it gets closer and farther away. When the smoke and rain or fog filled with the time, there is indeed a sense of fairy island.This immortal island sacred mountain of the art of gardening techniques along the custom, mostly used by successive emperors Palace. Some private homes have also copied, a trend. Such as Maoling rich Yuan Guanghan （ 袁广汉 ）, in the garden, building stone for the mountain, more than ten feet high, stretching for miles is spectacular. From the Qin and Han Dynasties, the sea immortal mountain became an important element of Chinese gardens, a pool of three mountains garden layout has been passed down, more than two thousand years to become more perfect and colorful.
Classical garden composition factors, mainly for the mountains, water, plants, buildings and plaques, couplets and carved stones and so on. Mountain is the skeleton and support for the formation of the garden landscape; water is the vein of the garden landscape; plants for the garden landscape of the clothes, is the influence and constraints on other elements of the landscape of the ties; architecture is the main link between humanities landscape and natural landscape, with the role of the dragon and the eye, is an important symbol of the culture and history of the classical Chinese gardens; plaques,couplings and stones for the poetry of the landscape garden.The above elements, not a simple pile of settings, but each has its own chapter, through the organic combination of various elements of the garden, the expression of the feelings of the gardeners, the pursuit of the mood. Shandong gardens, natural landscape garden as the main body, such as Shikuyuan. The first layout of the garden intention, skillful in the borrowing,fine in the body of the appropriate, natural landscape as the skeleton, due to the mountains on the water, skillfully arranged buildings, plants and trees, learning the laws of nature, pass the natural reasoning, and coordinate with each other to achieve a wonderful natural state of the art. Heaven and earth are long,the sky is running, Shandong gardening shows the changes of everything through tangible things, and passes the natural way of landscape from the mountains and waters. Returning to simplicity and truth, the wonderful nature.
Mountain is the human nature of the worship of the scene,it is rising clouds and rain, Cuiwei huge, so that mankind in awe. Big for the mountain, small for the stone, Shandong gardening to take full advantage of the richness of the natural features of the rock, in the garden pile of stone, reproducing the beauty of nature. In the courtyard to create rockery. Hall to the stone as the honor, known as the stone, for the case on top. The small ones are playing in the hands, sleeve storage, Su Dongpo （ 苏东坡 ）for the official Penglai five days, the creation of the Long Island ball stone culture, especially the bullet nest stone.Su Dongpo said: I hold this stone return, sleeve in the East China Sea. Stone as a unique garden art, has become a feature of Shandong gardening.
The Book of History-Yugong （ 尚书·禹贡 ）is the first work on regional geography in China. Shandong belonged to Qingzhou in ancient times, and The Book of History-Yugong （ 尚书·禹贡 ）: Haidai but Qingzhou,... Dai drained fields of silk, nettle-hemp, lead, pines and strange stones, describes that during the pre-Qin period, the Taishan valley produced strange stones and pines, and listed strange stones and pines as tributes,which is also the earliest historical record of strange stones.China is the earliest strange stone as a work of art to view the country, but also as an example of tribute. Shandong opened the history of the first, but also become the source of China's appreciation of stone in the garden application.
Throughout history, the culture of mountains and waters has been the root of nature and the cradle of human life.Mountains and water systems are the birthplace of all natural life and the lifeline of human social evolution. The Chinese revere natural landscape and form natural landscape gardens.Shandong is rich in marvelous stones, Qingzhou marvelous stones, Taishan marvelous stones, Dawen River marvelous stones, as well as rich North Taihu Lake stones, which provide a solid foundation for Shandong gardens.
Stone makes ancient, water makes far, garden water stone most can not do without. Mountains and rocks rely on each other, water and springs communicate with each other.Landscape has become the main body of Chinese gardens and skeleton. Jinan Baotu Park, Heihuquan Park, Linyi Enya Park,Weifang People's Park are clever use of the North Taihu Lake stone, to create rockery, pool and bank, become an example of gardening. Song- Guo Xi （ 郭熙 ） Lin Quan Gao Zhi （ 林泉高 致 ）: Mountain to water for the pulse... so the mountain gets water and live.
Yuan Ye （ 园冶 ）: although made by man, like from heaven,is a garden art landscape creation of an aesthetic principle.Because the garden composition mainly has four major elements of landscape, springs and rocks, trees and flowers,garden architecture, landscape forest spring can be purely natural, can also be partially processed by people to embellish the natural, can also be completely or mainly artificially created natural scenery. However, the pavilion gallery and salon was originally not in nature, is entirely human for their own residence and recreation needs and the creation of...mainly due to the scenery and set up, through the scenery and become. The pavilion is suitable for the pavilion, suitable for the pavilion is the pavilion. They must be set up with the combination of water, rocks, trees and plants to coordinate,dissolved in the natural interest, so that the natural scenery is still not lost its true. Because nature has never, and could never,create any buildings on its own.
Shandong is widely distributed in the North Taihu Lake stone, Taihu Lake stone and other stone appreciation materials,for gardening provides a solid foundation, is widely used and spring water combined to form a unique landscape of clear spring stone flow. Beijing garden stone Qing Yun piece, Qing lian Duo, Qing Fan Xiu, Shou Shi, etc. can be borrowed in the garden. Ji Cheng （ 计成 ）in the Yuan Ye （ 园冶 ）preface to talk about in the middle of the year to return to Wu, choose to live in Runzhou. Run good people, take the stone clever, placed between the bamboo and wood for the rockery, I occasionally viewed, for the hair of a smile, or asked, why laugh? I said: the world has heard of the real S false, Hu not fake real mountain shape, and fake sentence Mang the fist of the Lei?The so-called real Si have fake, that is to say, there is objective nature in the existence of the real mountain, will only have as a garden in the fake mountain. But the garden in the rockery, can not take the fist-shaped stone heap, that is, the stone is clever but no real mountain shape, is not funny! To fake real mountain shape, that is, we must fully understand the real mountain shape, modeled on nature, to be higher than nature, artistic understanding, in order to fake real mountain shape, created just like the real mountain of the rockery. Ji Cheng （ 计成 ）in the mountain chapter said: real real for fake, fake into real, slightly moving the sky, all help manpower. Fake into real is not to imitate the natural mountain shape realistic, but to get the quality of the mountain temperament, so that the fake mountain is not only in line with the mountain natural reason, but also embodies the natural interest of the mountain, the tourists know that it is a fake mountain, but the feeling of its true. Slightly move the sky,all help manpower, although made by people, like from heaven.
Shandong gardens make full use of the spring, river, stone natural characteristics of the heritage of historical and cultural lineage, to landscape for the victory, picking up the mountain grand winding, natural variations, the water meandering open,the mountains surrounded by water, to create a characteristic natural landscape garden.
The age of the spring has been scientifically measured to be about 40,000 years, and the spring is known as Luo in ancient times, which has appeared on the oracle bone inscriptions for more than 3,000 years, and has been formally documented on the Spring and Autumn Annals （ 春秋 ）for more than 2,000 years of history of the spring water. The history of springs in China and the world's largest. Baotu has also become the earliest garden resort in Shandong and even in the country.
Tianqi Yuan, the famous spring Tianqi Yuan and Dragon Pond. According to The Historical Records-Book of Fengshan （ 史记·封禅书 ）, Tianqi Yuan is one of the eight gods of the East, the place where the Lord God of Heaven is located, and Qi is so Qi because of the Qi of Heaven. Historically, Qin Shi Huang （ 秦始皇 ）(219 years ago) and Emperor Wu of the Han （ 汉武帝 ）(102 years ago) had come here to worship. Dragon Pond is also, Linzi eight scenes in the autumn into the Dragon Pond moonlight that is written here.
Tianqi Yuan consists of five springs and is made up of five springs. It is located on the east bank of the Zizi River, 7.5 kilometers from the capital city of Qi. The Records of Linzi County （ 临淄县志 ）: Tianqi Yuan, commonly known as hot springs, flowing out of the northwest of Ox Mountain. Tianqi Yuan has become a place of worship and repair in ancient times. Meet the spring to repair the Resting for pleasure and wishing for something else. People climbed the mountains to find water, trekking and praying for peace, Tianqiyuan also became a countryside resting place.
The Records of Shandong Province-The Record of Confucius Hometown （ 山东省志·孔子故里志 ）ancient Panchi: Ancient Panchi originally for the ancient southeast corner of the old city of a pond, the saint Confucius （ 孔子 ）often take groups of disciples after school swim in the pan, and later the world will be the reader enrollment called into the pan. The Poetry-Lu Song-Pan Shui （ 诗经·鲁颂·泮水 ）in Si Le Pan Shui, thin picking its celery, Lu Marquis hostile stop, in the Pan drink of the Pan Shui, that is, refers to the ancient Pan Pond in Qufu. Ancient Panchi is the ancient Lu Xi Gong Pan Palace, surrounded by weeping willows, fish jumping in the pool lotus fragrance. During the Han Dynasty, the Lingguang Hall was built near the ancient Panchi. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Yu, King Gong of Lu （ 鲁恭王 刘馀 ）, the son of Emperor Jing of Han （ 汉景帝 ）, often came here to fish, so it is also known as Prince Fishing Pond. In the Ming Dynasty, the sixty-first Diffractive Sage Gong Kong Hongtai built a villa in the north of the pool. Its Tour Lupan Palace （ 游鲁泮宫 ）poem: rain after the day of nothing, the mood is leisurely. The winding paths are connected with the fragrant grass, and the high platform is locked with the twilight smoke. The fragrance of the celery is fragrant, and the shadow of the moon hangs over it. Lupan is a place of leisure, and there is no need to paint the rims. When Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty （ 高宗乾隆皇帝 ）made a pilgrimage to Qufu, this was his palace. In the twenty-fourth year of the reign of Duke Haha (256 years ago), the state of Lu collapsed and the palace collapsed, but only the pan water survives to this day. Ancient Panchi since the Spring and Autumn period of Lu Xi Gong （ 鲁僖公 ）in 643 BC since the construction,miraculously stretched more than 2,600 years , The Book of Psalms （ 诗经 ）, The Historical Records （ 史记 ）, The History of the Han Dynasty （ 汉书 ）and The Classic of Commentary on the Waterways （ 水经注 ）and other documents, as well as since the Western Han Dynasty until the Ming Dynasty, many of the relevant inscriptions are recorded, the ancient Panchi not only the earliest site of the first official school, the earliest reception place, in history should also be the love of the mountains and the water, touring and resting the earlier activities of the site!The surrounding pavilions, pavilions, exotic flowers and plants,water clear pool show, willow, elegant environment, the ancient Panchi in China is undoubtedly one of the longest continuation of the history of the ancient gardens. By the Qufu Panshui triggered by the three rivers of water cultural connotation and cultural tension, so that later generations around the country in the construction of most of the Temple of literature before the establishment of a Panshui River, should be followed by the Qufu Zuting of this system. The Records of the Qing Dynasty （ 清实录 ）, Emperor Qianlong （ 乾隆帝 ）eight pilgrimage to Qufu, are living in this. Kong Shangren （ 孔尚任 ） The Records of Queli （ 阙里志 ）said: Pool ripples, lotus root flowers several hectares, there is a creek hall, water pavilions, flower dock,fishing platforms, stretching with a long embankment, through the creek bridge, and then for the outside of the two lakes. Boat piping and drums, carrying the moon with, Lu Hou Si Le Pan Shui, as if to see also.
In the traditional Chinese garden culture, the configuration of plants should be in line with the poetic, cultural flavor,do not know the Chinese painting theory, there is no way to say Chinese garden. Flowers and trees are the carrier of rich cultural information given by the people, as well as the objects to express their will. For example, pine, bamboo, plum, called the three cold friends, with a chaste and chaste personality.Pine, strong and elegant, defying the harsh environment of frost, snow, wind and cold, with a chaste and unyielding, noble character. Pine and cypress in the Yugong （ 禹贡 ）and Spring and Autumn Annals （ 春秋 ）, has long been recorded, and Confucius （ 孔子 ）also highly praised years of cold, and then know that the pine and cypress after the withering also. Plum,orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum are the Four Gentlemen.Orchid, for elegant, fragrance but color is not colorful. Ming Zhang Yu （ 张羽 ）poem can be white and yellow, no one also from the fragrance, the heart is not big, can accommodate many incense. Qing Dynasty- Zheng Xie （ 郑燮 ）poem said orchids have become rows, the mountain means long. Chastity is still self-holding, why fight with the group of flowers? The orchid has been in the mountains for a long time. Orchids,green leaves, soft lines alone show, no delicate state, no charm,fragrance far away, fragrance attack clothes, can be called the fragrance of light childish. Chrysanthemums are frost-resistant and spit out their fragrance alone in late fall. Tao Yuanming （ 陶渊明 ）said, The chrysanthemum opens in the forest, and the pine crowns the rock. The chrysanthemum is a gentleman who is not afraid of wind and frost. Lotus is regarded as out of the mud but not stained, Maundy lotus but not demon, Song Li Qingzhao （ 李清照 ）Wing osmanthus dark light yellow body sex soft, love sparse traces of far away only the fragrance to stay, why need to be light blue, painting columns where the crown of the mid-autumn, the slut can be killed without What's the matter that I didn't see the collection back then. Plants combined with the terrain to create a picture, so that the plants and buildings in the space, size, color, line and other aspects of coordination and harmony.
Old and valuable trees have irreplaceable historical heritage value, it is the accumulation of history and culture,is a living cultural relics. This ancient and elegant cultural character, often seen as a symbol of the nation, the river and the mountains. Most of the world's longevity trees are pines and cypresses, ginkgo trees, acacia trees and so on. The value of the very high and famous, Taishan Qin Shi Huang sealed the five great pines, the first emperor to give the seal of precedent; The Han cypress in Dai Temple of Mount Tai was planted by Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty （ 汉武帝刘彻 ）, when he visited the temple. Ancient and famous trees can make people produce both nostalgic thoughts, but also can get aesthetic pleasure. The spiritual and cultural connotations of plants in classical gardens reflect the spiritual world and emotional pursuit of Chinese literati and the general public. Such wisdom of survival, artistic cultural environment and poetic life become part of the cultural and artistic treasury of our time, and also a precious resource for modern garden landscape design.
Flowers, plants and trees are viewed with great importance for their ornamental properties. People not only take the beauty of its appearance and image, but also pay attention to its symbolic meaning. The community wood that is the sacred wood, the summer dynasty to pine, Yin dynasty to cypress,the Zhou dynasty to chestnut as the three dynasties of the sacred wood, giving these three ornamental trees rich religious colors and unusual sacred symbolism. Shandong gardens in Weihai Huan Cui Lou Park in front of the planting of Haidai Garden Society tree. It is the only one in Shandong, it is not afraid of the wind and rain, proud of the snow and stand up,righteousness, it is the Shandong garden people are not humble,grateful to the spirit of heaven and earth.
Flowers and trees as if the hair of the mountains, if you leave the flowers and trees there is no beauty. Garden tree planting both ecological and picturesque, or three or five into a group, or a clump of Huang Huang. To pay attention to varieties, pay attention to posture, beautiful painting, colorful,flexible application, straight and free, so the inevitable flowers and foliage.
(1) The beauty of the posture: the shape of the crown, the sparseness and curvature of the tree techniques, and the shape of the leaves are all in pursuit of natural beauty.
(2) Color beauty: leaves, trunks, and flowers require a variety of natural color beauty.
(3) Taste and aroma: the requirements of natural elegance and humor. Four seasons often have green, month after month there is the fragrance of flowers, especially the elegant plum,orchids of the quiet.
(4) Context: flowers and trees are often related to the spiritual realm pursued by the garden owner. Such as bamboo to symbolize the noble character and nobility, pine and cypress to symbolize strength and longevity, lotus symbolizes clean and flawless, orchids symbolize the secluded hermit,magnolia, peony, osmanthus to symbolize the glory and wealth, pomegranate to symbolize the many children and grandchildren, crape myrtle to symbolize the high official pay and so on.
Shandong's earliest historical records on ornamental plants,is the The Book of History-Yugong （ 尚书·禹贡 ）Qingzhou tribute for the pine, the strange stone, this is the earliest written records of Shandong and the country on the pine stone. Another The Book of Psalms （ 诗经 ）Feedback on the pine, the cypress of Xinfu is the earliest record of Shandong and the country on the pine and cypress and the place of origin. Existing ancient trees include Confucius' hand-planted juniper, hand-planted ginkgo, Zuo Qiu Ming's hand-planted ginkgo, the 4,000-year old ginkgo in Juxian County, where Lu and Ju were allied, Ran Zi's Tomb of the Cypress of the Week, the Qin Shihuang's Five Daffodils' Pine, and the Han Emperor's planting of the Cypress of the Daimiao Temple. As living cultural relics, they recount the vicissitudes of history. Taishan pines, cypresses, plums and other twenty-three plants have been included in the UNESCO list. All these describe the long history of garden plants in Shandong and colorful horticultural varieties.
China's earliest surviving complete book of agriculture,but also one of the world's monographs in the history of agronomy, Qi Min Yao Shu （ 齐民要术 ）, largely written in(533—544), is a comprehensive work of Chinese agronomist,Shouguang, Shandong Jia Sixie （ 贾思勰 ）by a comprehensive work of agronomy. The book has 10 volumes and 92 articles.It systematically summarizes the agricultural production experience of the working people in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and describes in detail the seasonal climate, soil, crops, etc. It is known as the Encyclopedia of Ancient Chinese Agriculture （ 中国古代农业百科全书 ）. Jia Sixie （ 贾思勰 ）is known as the Sage of Agriculture.
The Ming Dynasty- Erruting Qunfangpu （ 二如亭群芳 谱 ）, wang xiangjin （ 王象晋 ）(1561—1653), shandong huantai people, pass the 16th century before the great success of ancient agriculture, compiled a generation of garden plants masterpiece, the whole book of 30 volumes of more than 400,000 words. Qing dynasty Kangxi forty-seven years (1708) to expand, correct, improve and become Continuation of Qunfang Spectrum （ 广群芳谱 ）, for one hundred volumes, the original name of the Yu Ding Pei Wen Zhai Qun Fang Pu （ 御 定佩文斋群芳谱 ）, included in the Siku Quanshu Zongmu （ 四库 全书总目 ）.
Garden architecture, refers to the construction of the garden in the pavilion, shelter, gallery, consulate, cabinet, building,platform, boat, hall and other buildings, its main function for the garden landscaping and for visitors to rest and activity space. Architecture is an important element in the garden,but also the characteristics of Chinese gardens, in the natural landscape garden in the building, according to the situation, to be coordinated with the natural environment, to fully reflect the poetry of the garden and the beauty of nature, with the effect of the finishing touch. Such as Jinan Daming Lake Park, the small Canglang, Richey Pavilion, Baotu Baotu Park of Luo Yuan Hall, Guanlan Pavilion, Shihu Garden of the four photo booths, the Temple of Confucius, Dacheng Hall, Dai Temple of Tian Kuang Hall, Weihai Huan Cui Building, Penglai, Penglai Pavilion, Liaocheng, such as the light of the Yueyue Building.Ancient buildings, more people in awe, the more ancient buildings, the more there is a unique charm and momentum. It precipitated the time, precipitated the historical story, through the vicissitudes of life, recounting the changes of the times.
Xiaotang Mountain Ancestral Hall is located on Xiaotang Mountain in Xiaoli Town, Changqing District, Jinan City, and is a national key cultural relics protection unit. It is notable in Chinese and foreign archaeological and architectural circles,and is the earliest and best-preserved above-ground house like building in China. Ancestral hall is built entirely of stone, the inner walls and beams are carved with 36 groups of portraits, the main content of the car ride travel, kitchen and banquet, hunting, historical stories, mythological figures.Carving techniques to the negative line carving-based, a few images with concave line carving, are clean lines, simple and vivid image, all for the Han painting in the boutique. Among them, the inscription of the Emperor Shun of Emperor Shun of Han （ 汉顺帝 ）in the fourth year of Yongjian (129) provides evidence for determining the era of the ancestral hall, and these paintings and inscriptions are of high historical and artistic value. Outside the west wall of the ancestral hall, there is a precious stone carving of Ode to the King Longdong's Filial Piety （ 陇东王感孝颂 ）engraved in the first year of Wuping of the Northern Qi Dynasty (570).
Taihe Temple of the Forbidden City in Beijing, Tian Kuang Hall of Dai Temple in Tai'an, and Dacheng Hall of Confucius Temple in Qufu are known as the three great halls. Two of them are completely protected in Shandong, with precious historical heritage value.
Plaque refers to the inscribed plaque hanging above the door vibration, couplet refers to the vertical plaque on the columns on both sides of the door, and carving stone refers to the inscribed poems and carvings on the mountain stones.
Most of the plaques, couplets and stone carvings in the gardens are direct quotes from existing poems of previous generations.
The horizontal inscribed board and couplets are unique form of literature and art of China, but also the characteristics of Chinese gardens, which is an important decorative content of the garden building. As the language of art, it is not just a symbol, tools, enriching the garden landscape, increasing the poetry of the garden, while expressing a certain thematic ideas,with the finishing touch of the wonderful. Cao Xueqin （ 曹雪 芹 ）wrote in The Dream of Red Mansion （ 红楼梦 ）: "If the big scenery, a number of pavilions, no title, any flower, willow landscapes, but also can not be colorful. "
Jinan Daming Lake Park has "Lotus flowers and willows on all sides, a city of mountains and half a city lake" couplet written springs features; "The pavilion on the right side of the sea is ancient, and there are many famous scholars in Jinan."Du Fu's（ 杜甫 ）famous lines, highlighting the history and culture of Jinan; Baotu Spring Park. "Clouds and mist run steam Hua Buzhu, waves sound shock Daming Lake" couplet,written Baotu momentum and hazy beauty, sound and color;Song Dynasty's Zeng Gong 's（ 曾巩 ）“nourishing the winter Ru temperature is often early, Rune spring tea taste more true",write the spring of the sweet and cold, innocent and tea.”
Kangxi's （ 康熙 ）"turbulence", "source of clear flow clean",as well as "Pengshan old traces", "cave heaven blessed land",are all examples of examples of plaques. The couplets are neat and easy to read, with one word and one meaning, and they are a collection of the essence of poems in traditional writing.
Famous couplets and plaques are thought-provoking.Landscape, writing, words, couplets, calligraphy, and realm are all marveled at, and at the same time, they are also a precious work of art. In order to express the garden landscape with traditional culture, it is necessary to inherit and carry forward the traditional art of gardening, and should also make full use of this form of couplets, point sublimation of the garden landscape, and improve the cultural art of gardening.
The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山东 风景园林史 ）takes the form of a chronicle, with its lettered dates from ancient times to 2019. The whole article takes the chronology as a guide, and arranges each period in the order of before and after. Comprehensively show the historical development process of landscape gardening in Shandong,the characteristics of the times, regional characteristics and development laws. Fully show the characteristics of each historical stage, typical cases, academic value and practical significance. Specific preparation of the use of time as the warp, to the historical events for the weft, centred on time,according to the year, month, day order of historical events,can be more clearly reflected in different periods, different historical events of the links and veins. At the same time with photographs, diagrams and a variety of representative typical historical maps, as well as a variety of different diagrams and so on, to make up for the textual expression of the unspecified.Graphics and text, vivid and intuitive, form a complete and ordered living organism. Each part should be related to the other, complementing each other, detailing each other, seeing each other, striving to respond more fully to the whole picture of history. But everything is multifaceted, if the unified style of leadership, the causes and consequences of many events,divided into many chapters, thus cut into different periods.This is very inconvenient for the vertical system to understand the whole process of a historical material, such as the famous Chengziya Ruins, the connotation of which includes the Longshan Culture and Yue Shi Culture, the Western Zhou Dynasty and other historical and cultural heritage, if it is divided into multiple to elaborate, it is fragmented, and can not reflect the whole picture of the heritage. In view of this,for major historical events, key figures, important attractions,the use of thematic form to reflect the typical cases of garden culture in different periods, thematic compilation, independent chapter, and in accordance with historical development, a comprehensive description of the whole process. Reason all a word, the language is not repeated, so that neither repetition,but also a more comprehensive understanding of the content of this heritage, but also conducive to reading.
The Shandong Provincial Editorial Committee is also actively involved in archaeological culture, drawing on new discoveries and achievements within the archaeological community. Shandong is one of the birthplaces of early Chinese culture, with a large number of cultural relics and monuments buried underground. In recent years, new historical materials have been discovered, making it one of the most developed areas of archaeological culture in the country. The achievements of archaeology have provided us with a large number of historical facts that were not recorded in the history books and have filled in the historical gaps. These carry the wisdom of ancient ancestors and the creation of historical achievements, and in the surrounding natural environment,landscape culture, revealing the site of social culture and landscape development potential historical connection. General Secretary Xi Jinping （ 习近平 ）emphasised that "history,reality and the future are connected, history is the reality of the past, reality is the history of the future". For example,the archaeological discoveries in Qingzhou and Linqu have revealed the precious pictorial materials of Chinese stone appreciation culture, and found that in the Wei and Jin （ 魏 晋 ）, rockery and stone setting were used in the courtyard.The "Trade and Commerce Picture" in the ancient tomb in Qingzhou pushes back the origin of Chinese bonsai by a century and a half, and confirms that bonsai had already been introduced to Europe during the Wei, Jin and North-South （ 魏 晋南北朝时期 ）with precious pictures, thus supplementing and correcting the historical data.
Tang Wei Chou （ 魏徵 ）pointed out, "If you want a wood to grow, you have to strengthen its roots; if you want a stream to flow far, you have to dredge its springs. " In order to search for the roots of history and culture, we have drawn extensively on the advanced scientific research results of other disciplines.They have provided us with reliable results for our compilation of historical records. For example, by extensively using the evidence and research results of Shandong historiography and archaeological culture chronological sequence, we confirmed that Shandong Houli Culture was the earliest Neolithic Culture in Shandong and a typical Neolithic Culture in China. After the Houli Culture, there were the Beixin Culture, the Dawenkou Culture, the Longshan Culture and the Yueshi Culture. The archaeological culture chronological sequence is clear, and forms its own cultural type. All these provide a scientific and powerful basis for the break of the garden history.
Houli Culture, first discovered in Houli Guanzhuang Village, Qiling Town, Linzi District, Zibo City, Shandong Province. The culture type has been found in eight cultural sites are distributed in the northern foothills of the Taiyi mountain system in the former plains, the distribution range from the east bank of the Zi River, through Zouping, Zhangqiu, west to the west of Jinan City, Changqing, east-west distance of more than 150 kilometres. The distance and the age of the continuation of the long, rich in connotation in the country are relatively rare. From the early Neolithic to the Qing Dynasty vessels, the first and last over the 8,500 years. These traces of human life and evidence of the baptism of the years have been stacked on top of each other. The archaeological community officially named the Houli Culture, and the most special and dominant part of the Houli Culture site is the Neolithic Culture. There are not only Houli Culture, but also cultures of other times at the Houli Culture Site, and Houli Culture is only the earliest cultural relics among them. The most outstanding feature is that the cultural layers are numerous and rich, and the cultural accumulation is as much as 2-5 metres thick, divided into 12 layers from top to bottom, containing three major phases of Neolithic cultural relics, "Two Zhou" (Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou) cultural relics, and late cultural relics.
Historical experience warns us that the protection of cultural relics is not an isolated site, but extends to the natural landscape of the environment, topographical features and the unique regional culture derived from the process of interaction between man and nature, which also provides a good basis for how to carry out the creation of gardens of cultural relics sites.
Mr. Wu Liangyong （ 吴良镛 ）, a double academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, proposed the concept of "Growing up on Mount Tai, transforming in nature" to protect Mount Tai and its structures. The concept of harmonious coexistence with Mount Tai shows the direction of cultural heritage protection.
For example, the facts that Mount Tai included in the World Natural Cultural Heritage and Wanzhu Garden included in the national key cultural relics protection units, are strong evidence that Shandong Gardens have significant historical and cultural value. They are not just regional monuments and cultural relics. They have become the common wealth of the whole country and even of mankind. We should cherish the heritage and carry forward the depth of the garden, which is an indispensable teaching material, is to improve the level and cultural cultivation, a comprehensive understanding of the development of the garden lineage, gardening ideas, cultural connotations and artistic characteristics of an important way.
Historical and cultural sites is a witness to the historical development of a region, which carries many cultural connotations, is an organic part of local history, such as Jinan Baotu Spring, Daming Lake, Thousand Buddha Mountain,three attractions with the history and culture of its continuation of thousands of years. It is a variety of landscape elements of synthesis, but also the bearer of history, culture and aesthetics.
Chinese gardens are natural landscape gardens that introduce nature into gardens and sublimate it into landscape scrolls. It highly integrates mountains, rocks, water, flowers,trees and buildings, unites nature and man, and at the same time, with the help of poetry and painting, sends love to the landscape and feelings to the scenery, imitates the form of nature, expresses the spirit of nature and conveys the feelings of design, which are all in one and full of fun and excitement.Gardening like poetry and painting, highlighting the mood,so that poetry, painting, garden in a furnace, in the visit to the people in poetry and painting. Poetry has a painting in it, and the painting has a poem in it.
Among the garden materials, poems, words, and scrolls constitute important exploratory historical materials.
The famous Chinese scientist Qian Xuesen （ 钱学森 ）first proposed the "landscape city", "... Can we integrate Chinese landscape poetry, classical Chinese gardens and Chinese landscape paintings together... so that the gardens surround the buildings, rather than there being a few green areas in the complex."
The famous Wu Liangyong （ 吴良镛 ）dual academician,visited Jinan （ 济南 ）many times to guide city construction and garden planning and design. Yuan Dynasty Zhao Mengfu 's（ 赵 孟頫 ）" Autumn Colors of Magpie Blossoms ", inspired him to the overall planning and design of Jinan's thinking. He pointed out, "Borrow the afterglow of the famous painting and point out the different colors of the rivers and mountains. " Magpie Hua imagery became the key to a new round of urban planning and gardening in Jinan. Magpie Hua landscape reputation spread far and wide, and became a new planning concept, and put it into practice. Borrowing the benefits of landscape and spring gardens to create a spring city in the world. Jinan has become a city born from springs, built alongside springs, flourished because of springs, and embraced springs and the beauty of the landscape and garden city.
The compilation of this book, aimed at exploring the source of renewed impulse, but because of the large time span,the geographical expanse, the level of information writers vary.Geographically different, the degree of historical information,different styles, some literature is not enough evidence, some county records, historical records sketchy, some fallacies, it is difficult to take the means. Today is the information age,the network provides us with a wide range of information and reading space, we use online information, citation, supplement,improve a variety of garden history. But the online information is also a mixture of good and bad, mud and sand, so we must be rigorous examination, to eliminate the false and keep the true, fully draw on the research results of the predecessor, stand at the forefront of academic research, the contemporary view of history and historical theory as a guide, in-depth and systematic investigation and research, and seriously explore and analyse.
The compilation of historical materials is mainly based on the official history, which is as true and complete as possible.For the rich cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage,choose the best to show its brilliant content; for some precious pictures, but also the opportunity, long sought, should be more cherished; for the collection of information is the principle of first seek its own, then seek its full, and then seek its own fine.The principle of data collection is to seek what is available,then seek what is complete, then seek what is fine. With deep cultural feelings, historical consciousness and historical confidence, and an eclectic mind, we can show our respect and inheritance of Chinese civilisation.
Five thousand years of Chinese civilisation, the source of living water, nourishing the spirit of contemporary people,history is alive, is created by the people, do not always rely on the government, county records, which are incomplete. History does not exist in the government, county records, many exist in folklore and ancient poetry and literature, which is often forgotten by the part of history, and therefore its importance is self-evident, it is buried in the depths of history unknown documentary resources.
We fully realize that the official history is very important,but myths and legends and wild history are also very valuable. Liu E （ 刘鄂 ）, the author of Lao Can You Ji （ 老残游记 ）, said,"The wild history is to make up for the lack of the official history. The name can be entrusted to all the falsehoods, and the matter must be solicited by all the real ones. " Wild history can play the role of circumstantial evidence, thus supporting its real existence. Wang Peixun （ 王培荀 ）of Qing Dynasty pointed out that "outside the official history, the wild history and miscellaneous records can be ready to be taken" is a precious and irreplaceable information.
This book cites sources, does not avoid the great elegance,does not reject the great vulgarity, there are high theory and vulgarity, there are great and ordinary, no matter whether the high and profound scholars of the giant theory, or the shallow folk narrative, or the solitary evidence, all in this platform to play a skill.
The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山 东风景园林史 ）organizing committee and editorial board is Haidai Garden Series Monographs （ 海岱园林系列专著 ）and Shandong Province Garden Industry Association as the basis,and the province's municipal gardens and related units, experts and so on. Jinan, Qingdao, Zibo, Weifang, Yantai, Weihai,Linyi, Jining, Dezhou, Dongying, Liaocheng, Heze have set up an editorial board. Tai'an City, led by Shandong Agricultural University, later dissolved due to funding. Zaozhuang City was helped by Tengzhou garden enterprises and cultural departments to investigate the information. Rizhao City by Weifang to help the Wulianshan Scenic Area research, Juxian Fuleishan Scenic Spot to assist in Juxian and Fuleishan, old and valuable trees to help research. Zaozhuang, Rizhao, Tai'an,Binzhou failed to set up an editorial board.
Under the unified organization and arrangement of the Editorial Committee of The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong, the editorial committees of various cities first conduct census and research on the history and culture of gardens in various places, collate the information, and report to the Editorial Committee of The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong for review and revision. And then use the form of inspection, to all parts of the guide. However, the ancient history is vast. In the long history river, many classical gardens are destroyed, literature is seriously lacking, many county records and almost pay the queer and difficult to figure out what it is. All can be described as thorns and all over the road is winding.
Shandong gardens have developed with the changes of the times, social life, literature and art, planning and construction,aesthetic ideas, biodiversity and so on. Compilation work must start from the development of the content and form of the garden, the inner connection, the development of the law,to understand the historical process of the garden, and fully appreciate the comprehensive, arduous and long-term study of the history of landscape gardening.
Facing difficulties, understanding them and not being afraid of them. Collect material extensively and try to sort it out. Liu Zongyuan （ 柳宗元 ）said, "Whenever one writes, one removes the splendour of algae and brocade, and is unrestrained to suit oneself".
This book is very rich collection of information, which is the history of Shandong garden collection of information on the most comprehensive, complete, systematic, authoritative series of activities. Both the garden people burdened forward,efforts to seek, a large number of readings accumulated, the accumulation of new research results, and a thorny, on-site investigation and research of the great achievements. Involving ancient and modern, this book greatly fill the gap of Shandong garden history with the past and the future, the effectiveness of the former and the latter. At the same time, the editorial committee strictly requires that all information must be strictly screened, rather than a lack of abuse. The source of the material should be comprehensive, authentic, scientific and artistic.
1. Extensive examination of relevant provincial, municipal,county, and local historical records, archives, history, and documents.
2. Field visits, research, long-term accumulation of historical and cultural, garden culture information.
3. Draw on relevant poems, paintings, histories, travelogues,customs, biographies, allusions, and literary works.
4. Municipalities across the province, societies, associations,colleges and universities, literature and history research institutions, enterprises, design, research institutes and experts and scholars to provide information. Photographers, photography enthusiasts, garden workers around the world to provide photos,as well as pictures and information originating from the network.
5. Network information: Baidu, headlines, WeChat... and other access to relevant information and related pictures and images.
6. Detailed labeling of the sources of the literature, as well as the list of authors, providers, and units.
However, due to the information and images are provided by a number of garden units in the province, and the quoted network downloads, so the original author, collector, the name of the person who provided the information, the unit has no way to check. If there are errors and mistakes in the signature,please understand, and we would express our sincere thanks.
The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山 东风景园林史 ）editorial committee, in the province on the basis of the local compilation of information, began to carry out the province's garden information meeting. In Shandong Province Landscaping Industry Association, jinan city garden planning and design research institute Zhao Xiaoping （ 赵晓平 ）president, shandong province Puli garden limited company Liu Deyong , shandong huatai manor garden limited company Zeng Quanyin , Shandong south suburb environment construction limited company Kong Yuan 's full support arrangement, since 2019—2020, in Jinan Shandong Youth Political College and so on began to converge, to Preparation of the province's cities and municipalities, one by one report review, full discussion,mapping the home base Ltd. in Jining Shandong Kong Meng Municipal Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd. Liu Manyi , Jining City Garden Bureau Chen Jingdong , Kong Feng, Weihai Garden Construction Group Yu Haiyang , Peng Bo , Li Bin , Dongying Xudong Engineering Co., Ltd. Zong Hui , Shandong Nanjiao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd. Kong Yuan , in Jining Shengdu International Conference Center, Weihai Guihe Four Seasons Hotel, Dongying Blue Sea Hotel, Jinan Nanjiao Hotel,etc., to sink the manuscript;in 2022, in Weifang Qinghua Garden Design Institute Ren Yigang , Weifang Qingxin Garden Company Kao Minhua , Weihai Garden Group, Haifeng Studio full support,assistance, in Weifang District Party School Hotel, Weihai Wuzhuhe District, the comprehensive and orderly compilation of the history of gardening in Shandong to be proactive, innovative,tracing back to its roots, with informative information, accurate positioning, simple writing, comprehensive and systematic introduction to the historical lineage of Shandong gardens,natural environment, climate and vegetation, history, garden celebrities, places of interest, scientific research, education, etc.September—December, in the new district of Weihai Wuzhuhe District, Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House Qi Yonghong , Fang Huiping , Li Zheng , JI Haifeng came to remit.
On the basis of the reporting and auditing, it is carefully sorted out. One cannot trust a person without examining the correctness of his words, nor can one trust a statement without examining the correctness of the speaker. As Mr. Hu Shi （ 胡 适 ）said: "There is no evidence, only can be suspended and constantly; evidence is not enough, only can be assumed,not arbitrary; must wait until after the confirmation, can be consecrated. " This is the most rational words for the study of the history of national forests.
The inscription of Ming Dynasty' Yuan Ye （ 园冶 ）pointed out that: "the ancients of the hundred arts are passed on in the book, only no gardeners why? Said: the garden has a different appropriate, no law, can not receive and pass also". Chinese gardens are profound and sophisticated, the essence of the body in the appropriate, wonderful in the landscape, although made by man, as from heaven, can be said to have the law without style. Shandong garden for multicultural exchange, exchange and mutual appreciation, mutual appreciation and development.Shandong gardens are full of different features, each showing its own wonderful. There are similar gardens, never the same garden. Observe the present and identify the ancient,summarize part of the theme, is the focus of investigation and research.
1. Prehistoric Culture: Yiyuan Ape Man Ruins, Xintai Homo sapiens wisdom teeth, Taishan five women circle stone and megalithic worship.
2. Pre-Qin Culture: Houli Culture, Beixin Culture, Beichu Culture, Dawenkou Culture, Longshan Culture, Yueshi Culture.
3. Eastern barbarian culture: Tai Hao（ 太昊 ）, Shao Hao（ 少 昊 ）, Chi You（ 蚩尤 ）, Yao（ 尧 ）, Shun（ 舜 ）, Yu（ 禹 ）culture.
4. Landscape Culture: Mount Tai-the only one of the Five Mountains, Mount Tai's Fengshan Culture, Mount Yi-the first of the Five Towns, Mount Laoshan, the Immortal Mountain on the Sea, Feedback, Mount Lotus, Mount Meng, Jishui, Wenhe,Surabaya, Canal, Yellow River.
5. Confucian Culture: the culture of saints, the three holes in Qufu, the three monks in Zoucheng, and Mount Ni.
6. Taoist Culture: Kun Bei Mountain, Laoshan Mountain,Taishan Mountain, Yishan Mountain.
7. Buddhist Culture: Cliff statues, Hunchback Mountain in Qingzhou, Yunmen Mountain, Thousand Buddha Mountain,Lingyan Temple.
8. Eight masters of culture: Lord of heaven, Lord of earth,Lord of man, Lord of the sun, Lord of the moon, Lord of the yin, Lord of the yang, and Lord of the four seasons.
9. Patrol Culture: Qin Huang and Han Wu toured the famous mountains and rivers in the east, and ritually sacrificed to the eight gods of Qi Di (Lord).
10. Cultural origins of gardens: Confines, Platform, Marsh,Pan Pond.
11. Culture of old and valuable trees: gymnosperms,angiosperms, biodiversity.
12. Ancient Architecture: Xiaodang Mountain Stone Shrine, Dai Temple Tian Kuang Hall, Confucius Temple Dacheng Hall.
13. Han portrait stone Culture: Han portrait stones in Jinan,Jining and Tengzhou.
14. Spring water Culture: Jinan and Surabaya.
15. Xianshan Culture: marine culture, a pool and three mountains to trace the source.
16. Stone carving culture: through the Shi Yu, Zheng Daozhao on the monument, the lower monument, cliff carvings, etc.
17. Stone-appreciation bonsai Culture: archaeology in Qingzhou and Linqu, and Northern Taihu Lake stone.
18. Construction of the Confucius Palace, the Grand Canal and the Yellow River National Cultural Park.
19. Monasteries and temples, private gardens, etc.
The essence of a gentleman is the unity of knowledge and action. In 2019—2023, the Editorial Committee respectively in Jinan, Qingdao, Weihai, Jining, Dongying, Weifang, Zibo and other places as a transfer centre, research information, and cooperate with the local site visits. At the same time, Yantai,Linyi, Zaozhuang, Tai'an, Heze, Dezhou, Liaocheng, Rizhao,Binzhou and other places to conduct special research.
The planning and construction of national cultural parks,while creating cultural landscapes, has the important value of exploring new ways for the inheritance and innovation of Chinese culture and promoting Chinese cultural self confidence. Culture is the nation's lifeblood. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that cultural self-confidence is a more fundamental, broader and deeper self-confidence. The National Cultural Park is a powerful carrier of the heritage and innovation of Chinese culture. Whether it is the excellent traditional Chinese culture cultivated in the development of more than 5,000 years of civilisation, or the revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture cultivated in the great struggle of the Party and the people, all of them have accumulated the deepest spiritual aspirations of the Chinese nation and represent the unique spiritual identity of the Chinese nation. However, the inheritance of history and culture and the transmission of cultural confidence require not only the abstraction of spiritual symbols, but also the tangible and concrete perception that can be seen, touched and heard.
Shandong has the important task of creating the Yellow River National Cultural Park, which requires Shandong's gardens to make new contributions, and it is even more necessary to excavate the history and culture of the whole and the areas along the route at the macro level, and to do a good job in protecting, inheriting and using the cultural heritage and historical and cultural landscapes, so that the Yellow River can become a happy river for the benefit of the people.
The Yellow River flows down from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and meanders for more than 5,400 kilometres through the Loess Plateau, across the North China Plain and into the vast sea. This mother river of the Chinese nation has nurtured a long history of culture and a glorious civilisation, and has nourished generations of Chinese children. President Xi Jinping pointed out that "protecting the mother river is a thousand-year plan for the great rejuvenation and sustainable development of the Chinese nation". "Protecting the environment and building an ecological civilisation is the most important foundation for China's sustainable development". From the source of the Three Rivers to the shores of the Bohai Sea, General Secretary Xi Jinping has been deeply concerned about the Mother River of the Chinese nation wherever he goes and wherever his heart goes.
On 22 October 2021, Xi Jinping hosted a symposium on in-depth promotion of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin in Jinan, Shandong Province, and delivered an important speech. To scientifically analyse the current situation of ecological protection and high quality development of the Yellow River Basin, grasp the major issues of promoting ecological protection and high quality development of the Yellow River Basin, bite the target,down-to-earth, work hard and work hard for a long time,to ensure that the Yellow River Basin ecological protection and high-quality development of the 14th Five-Year Plan period （ 十四五 ）has achieved significant results, and strive tirelessly for the benefit of the Yellow River for the Chinese nation forever. We will make unremitting efforts to ensure that the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin in the "14th Five-Year Plan" period will achieve obvious results, so that the Yellow River will benefit the Chinese nation forever.
In December 2023, The History of Landscape Gardening in Shandong （ 山东风景园林史 ）was closed with snow. Weihai's snow came unexpectedly, fluttering down continuously. The snow bent the tree branches, buried the grass. The earth is white, and there are jade trees everywhere. The mountains and rivers are frozen, which are speechless. Everything is silent,and the sea and the snow are dancing together, all the music is silent, as if you can hear the call of the snow. The colourful autumn has faded away, decorating the snowy world with leaves and fruits, red bright, yellow lovely, beautiful, beautiful.Crystal clear, jade clean and ice-clear, mesmerising. Snow is the messenger of winter, arriving in time to announce the arrival of winter.
The history of landscape gardening in Shandong has come to an end after five bitter winters. Browsing through the Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House,pile after pile of manuscripts, like snowflakes drifting down,nine manuscripts are still scattered, faintly bookish, not overwhelmed with emotion. As one limerick on the internet put it. "Several degrees of wind and snow, several degrees of cold,wickerwork and five years. Tough twists and turns are all gone,regardless of sweet and sour, bitter, spicy and salty". Released,let go, liberated.
A kind of relief and disorganised memories. I participated in the preparation of the team is full of drama, was Qi Haifeng,Zhao Xiaoping, Li Chengji, Qiao Min and his party forced to pull on the car. They gave me the title of editor-in-chief, like a yoke around my neck, and began to pull the car. Fortunately,the cart was not carrying people, just a dozen boxes of books and information, so no whips or orders were used. The crowd pulling the cart together, group effort, very group advantage.
Car in the rugged trails tough going, fortunately, Shandong gardeners to build a few stage and focus on the study area, and the layout of scientific, evenly distributed. Stagecoach for an area of centralized remittance place, as a stage of centralized meetings, research, remittance, rest, supplies. Examination area, location, is to concentrate, go out, the examination of the base, research and development of a region of the examination route, research content and direction.
Jinan, Jining, Zibo, Weifang, Qingdao, Dongying, Weihai and other places have set up a station for us, while other cities and regions, has become the base of our investigation and research. On the road of the long journey, we eat the wind and drink the dew, thorny; the compilation work is exhaustive,picking lamps and fighting at night. The epidemic raged and brought endless pressure and hardship to our work. From time to time we were expelled and quarantined, but we did not stop the pace of the campaign.
As it happens, I graduated from college in 1964, and next year will be exactly one year from the 60th anniversary, and another 84 years old. Our book is finished, as a dedication to it, but also as a response to my teachers, family, friends and relatives. What you can't keep are the years, but what you leave behind are stories and footprints. Looking back on the years is so mediocre, there are struggles and frustrations, pursuits and confusion, joys and rewards, anticipation and happiness.
Although he is in his eighties and nineties, under the care and encouragement of Shandong gardeners and students,he has overcome many difficulties and pressures with the determination of "the cart does not fall down and keeps on pushing" and has struggled endlessly. "The old cow knows that the sunset is late, no need to raise the whip from the hoof", I appreciate this overflowing with vigorous spirit of hard work and enterprising spirit.
Compilation of "Shandong Landscape Architecture History", the original plan is only to discuss the statement,record historical facts, do not comment. This book contains information, try to use the commentator's original work, or the earliest source, other types of quoted re-emergence, that is, not another record. The sources of the information cited in the commentaries are usually noted in a footnote. But with the compilation work, some historical facts, not comment on the situation, it is difficult to avoid. Because of the history, the rise of the garden and its development must be an objective analysis and make a precise historical evaluation. Since the evaluation can not be generalised, should be in possession of a large amount of information on the basis of scientific analysis, generalisation, refinement, from the aesthetics and the art of gardening on a systematic and complete comments and discussions. There are many issues in the past no one to make a comprehensive analysis and research, so there are different opinions, different views, different conclusions. Can the writer indulge them from a sexual point of view and not express them? The process of lyricism borders on forgetting oneself and is inevitably biased, even wrong. But all this is just my opinion, and it amounts to using my humble opinion to elicit the foresight of more people. Looking forward to experts,scholars, peers do give precious advice.
This book in the process of collecting information, sixteen cities and towns of the counterparts to provide a large amount of information, libraries around the world, museums, the Chinese Garden Museum in Beijing, the Forbidden City Museum, the Qianlong Garden to provide convenience and help.
Literature and history experts Mr. Zhou Changfeng （ 周长 风 ）, Mr. Zhang Huasong （ 张华松 ）, Mr. Yong Jian （ 雍坚 ）, Mr. Hou Lin （ 侯林 ）, planning expert Mr. Zhan Erpeng （ 展二鹏 ）,Shandong University of Architecture Prof. Wang Shengyong （ 王胜勇 ）, Prof. Li Cheng （ 李成 ）, Prof. Bu Fengqin （ 布凤 琴 ）, as well as Jia Man （ 贾曼 ）, Li Feng （ 李峰 ）, Jia Tao （ 贾 涛 ）, Wang Dawei （ 王大为 ）, Huang Ning （ 黄宁 ）, Jia Luoyan （ 贾泺岩 ）, Wu Li （ 吴丽 ）, Ding Xiaoding （ 丁小丁 ）, Lin Jie （ 林杰 ）, Zhang Jinwei （ 张津玮 ）, Li Luofei （ 李泺霏 ）, Zhang Xizheng （ 张西征 ）, Man Qi （ 满琦 ）, Ren Qiang （ 任强 ）, Yin Zhiyong （ 殷志勇 ）, Wei Qiang （ 魏强 ）, Cheng Zhimin （ 程志 民 ）, Jiao Yuzhong （ 焦玉忠 ）, Wang Jiyaou （ 王家友 ）, Wang Yifei （ 王一飞 ）, Lu Xue （ 卢雪 ）, Li Yunlong （ 李云龙 ）, Zhao Hongchen （ 赵洪臣 ）, Zhao Peng （ 赵鹏 ）, Zhu Jingrui （ 朱竟 睿 ）, Zheng Jiaxian （ 郑佳娴 ）, Liu Zishuo （ 刘子硕 ）, etc. They provided books, materials, pictures and photos, and some of them wrote articles, drew pictures and operated computers themselves. Shandong Urban and Rural Planning Institute President Wang Yuejun （ 王跃军 ）, Shanghai Science and Technology Press Qi Yonghong （ 祁永红 ）, Fang Huiping （ 房 惠平 ）, Li Zheng （ 李政 ）, Ji Haifeng （ 嵇海丰 ）, etc., Shandong Province, Zan Longliang （ 昝龙亮 ）Director of the Department of Construction, Zhou Shandong （ 周善东 ）Director, Sun Songqing （ 孙松青 ）Director of Shandong Province, Shandong Province, the Society of Landscape Architecture and Greening Industry Li Duanjie （ 李端杰 ）President of the General Secretary, Li Xiaohang （ 李小蛾 ）, Zhou Dan （ 周丹 ）, etc., Shandong Province, various departments of urban planning, agriculture,forestry, water conservancy, culture, tourism and other departments, scientific research, design institutes, libraries,museums, parks, scenic spots, etc. libraries, museums,parks, scenic spots, etc. will be given care, support, help and encouragement. The Editorial Board of this book expresses its sincere respect and gratitude to all the units and individuals who have contributed to this book.
Due to time constraints and level limitations, this book will be corrected for omissions in editing and other areas.
Jia Xiangyun
（
贾祥云
）
December 2023 snowfall