下载掌阅APP，畅读海量书库
立即打开
This book is one of the Haidai Garden Series Monographs （ 海岱园林系列专著 ）, consisting of nine articles divided into five volumes. Its content includes a general introduction, the Pre-Qin （ 先秦 ）, Qin and Han （ 秦汉 ）, Wei, Jin and North-South （ 魏晋南北朝 ）, Sui and Tang （ 隋唐 ）, Song and Yuan （ 宋元 ）, Ming and Qing （ 明清 ）, modern and contemporary landscape gardens in Shandong, the time span from the ancient times to the end of the history of landscape gardens at the end of 2019. Each historical period is described in detail in terms of the background of the era, cultural and institutional ideas,achievements of landscape garden development, historical figures and writings, stages of landscape garden development,classification of gardens in each period, and typical cases.
Shandong has a long history and deep cultural heritage,since ancient times is the state of the sages. It is the earliest Chinese people living and reproducing place and one of the important sources of the Chinese civilization.What’s more, it is also one of the most important sources of the formation of Chinese gardens. Forty-five million years ago, when the fire of civilization was lit in Zhoukoudian （ 周口店文化 ）, Shandong Yiyuan apes also lit the fire of civilization.
Shandong is bordered by the sea to the east and the Tai hang Mountains to the west. There are the mountains, sea,lake and river. Material and natural treasures are abundant.Shandong has formed a complete cultural spectrum.In the Neolithic era, Shandong has established after Li Wenhua （ 李文 化 ）, Beixin culture （ 北辛文化 ）, Beiqiu culture （ 贝丘文化 ）, Dawenkou culture （ 大汶口文化 ）, Longshan culture （ 龙山 文化 ）, Yue Shi culture （ 岳石文化 ）. The civilization has been passed on and the cultural spectrum is complete. At the same time, Chinese scripts " Dawenkou Pottery Texts "（ 大汶口陶文 ）and " Longshan Pottery Texts "（ 龙山陶书 ）, the earliest city state Longshan Ancient City of " Chengziyi "（ 城子崖龙山古城 ）,and the earliest military defence project " Qi Great Wall "（ 齐长 城 ）have been discovered and other rich and profound cultural deposits have established Shandong's special position in the history of Chinese civilization.
Shandong gardens originated in the Pre-Qin era, with the courtroom of King Xuan of Qi, the ancient Loktai of Jinan, the Huangongtai and Wutai of Qi, the Tianqi Yuan, the Lingnuma of Tengguo, and the ancient Panchi of Qufu as the main representatives of the ancient gardens. Shandong adheres to the philosophical concept of the unity of humanity and heaven,"look up to the virtues of the sages and love the landscapes."So shandong create a splendid culture of landscape gardening.
1. World Natural and Cultural Dual Heritage——Tarzan Mountain, supreme prince of the five mountains.
2. World Cultural Heritage——Cambrian stratigraphic section, characteristic of Tarzan Mountain, with international significance, is the naming place of many genera of the Upper Palaeozoic Biota or the origin of the model specimens.
3. World Cultural Heritage——Qi Great Wall, the earliest Great Wall in China.
4. A reserve list of China's National Natural and Cultural Heritage——Jinan Famous Springs and Spring Groups.
5. Historical sites and gardens ：① prehistoric ape man cave sites and cultural sites. ② Spring and Autumn period gardens,platforms, swamps, pans, springs, ancient city pools, etc.
6. Famous mountain and water gardens：the title of Feng shang of Tarzan Mountain, the emperor's tour, the eight main cultural sites, famous mountains, Jishui, the Grand Canal, Surabaya and so on.
7. Traditional gardens：palace gardens, temple gardens,royal aristocratic gardens, mausoleum gardens, private gardens,monumental gardens, academy gardens, Yamen gardens,campus gardens, city parks, and gardens of ancient villages.
8. Concession gardens：aristocratic courtyards, churches and palaces, villa complexes, consulates, and gardens combining Chinese and Western elements.
9. Modern gardens：comprehensive parks, special parks,square green space, subsidiary green space, scenic spots, urban green ways.
1. Long history and civilization enlightenment： Tarzan Mountain Five Women's Circle Stone （ 泰山五女圈石 ）is a great prehistoric cultural relic, Shandong Changle Stone Ancestral Forest is a rare ancient human reproduction worship.
2. Cultural genealogy is derived from the same origin：the ancestors created a splendid oriental civilization, and made great contributions to the development and cultural prosperity of the Chinese nation.
3. The hometown of saints and the source of Confucianism："To establish the heart for heaven and earth, to establish the life for the people, to succeed the great learning for the past saints,and to open the peace for all times" has become the theme and foundation of Chinese cultural and thought.
4. Jixia Academy （ 稷下学宫 ）, a hundred schools of thought.
5. Saints, cultural centre of gravity： Confucius （ 孔子 ）, Mencius （ 孟子 ）, Zuo Qiu Ming （ 左丘明 ）, Jiang Shang （ 姜 尚 ）, Guan Zhong （ 管仲 ）, Yan Hui （ 颜回 ）, Zeng Zi （ 曾子 ）, Zhu Geliang （ 诸葛亮 ）, Wang Xizhi （ 王羲之 ）, Wang Xiang （ 王 祥 ）, Liu Hong （ 刘洪 ）, Luban （ 鲁班 ）.
6. Reverence for the mountains and rivers, worship of the eight main：Tianzhi abyss, the Lord of Liang father mountain,the Lord of the soldiers Chiyu, the Lord of the Yin Sanshan Island, the Lord of the Yang Zhifu Island, the Lord of the month of Laishan, the Lord of the day into the mountain, the Lord of the four seasons of the Luanshya Terrace.
7. Xianshan culture, a pool of three mountains.
8. Plant diversity, colourful.
9. Stone-appreciation culture has a long history.
10. Poetry is written in the garden.
Garden is a solidified poem and three-dimensional painting. A tree, a stone, a mountain, a water, all with poetic,reflect the aesthetic realm of garden art.
In the Pre-Qin （ 先秦 ）, Confucius' idea of "Gentleman's Comparison of Virtue" and Guanzi's idea of Human and Heavenly Adjustment"and the culture of the immortal mountains on the sea are the cornerstones of the gardening theory in Shandong and even in China, which is a great theoretical contribution of Shandong to Chinese gardens. After the Qin and Han （ 秦汉 ）, the garden pattern and layout of "one pool and three mountains", the Tarzan Mountain Zen activity and the Qin Emperor and Han Wu's eastern tour of the famous mountains and rivers, which created the precedent of Chinese scenic gardens. Thus, Shandong's gardening techniques were elevated to a theoretical height, which became the aesthetics of landscape during the Spring and Autumn Period, and also the theoretical source of Chinese landscape gardens.It is the heritage of the philosophical thought of "unity of man and nature", the theoretical sublimation and the perfect embodiment of the literary lineage.
There are some of the celebrity masterpieces related to the garden, such as： Spring and Autumn Annals （ 春秋 ）, Guan Zi （ 管子 ） Yan Zi Spring and Autumn Annals （ 晏子春秋 ）, Zuo Zhuan （ 左传 ）, Kao Gong Ji （ 考工记 ）, The Art of War （ 孙子 兵法 ）, Zhuge Liang's The Table of the Masters （ 诸葛亮《出 师表》 ）Wang Xizhi's The Lanting Sequence （ 王羲之《兰 亭序》 ）, Jia Sixie's The Essentials of Qimin （ 贾思勰《齐民 要术》 ） Liu Xie's Literature in the Mind Carved out Dragons （ 刘勰《文心雕龙》 ）Zuo Si's The Sandu Fugue （ 左思《三 都赋》 ）, Yan Zhenqing's The Doppelgänger Pagoda （ 颜真 卿《多宝塔》 ）, Xin Qiji's The Ten Treatises on the Beauties of the Celery （ 辛弃疾《美芹十论》 ）, Li Qingzhao's The Shuyu Collection and Theory of Words （ 李清照《漱玉集》与《词 论》 ）, Li Gefei's Record of Famous Gardens in Luoyang and Record of Water in Lixia （ 李格非《洛阳名园记》与《历下 水记》 ）, Zhao Mingcheng's Record of Golden Stones （ 赵明 诚《金石录》 ）, Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming （ 张择端《清明上河图》 ）, Zhang Yanghao's Yunzhuang yuefu （ 张养浩《云庄乐府》 ）, Yu Qin's Qisheng （ 于钦《齐乘》 ）,Wang Xiangjin's Spectrum of Fresh Fruit （ 王象晋《群芳谱》 ）,Pu Songling's Liaozhai Zhiyi and Spectrum of Stones （ 蒲松 龄《聊斋志异》与《石谱》 ）, and Wang Peixun's Memories of the Countryside Parks and Essays on Listening to the Rain Tower （ 王培荀《乡园忆旧录》与《听雨楼随笔》 ）which make Shandong's garden rooted in Qilu land and the city.Shandong gardens rooted in the Qilu land on this fertile land,relying on the unique natural environment and rich history and culture, the integration of ancient and cast today, in the new era to create a comprehensive scientific development of ecological gardens.
This book for the first time in history comprehensive,systematic, completely investigate, evident, research and compile the Shandong landscape garden development history. And all-round, multi-angle elaboration of the generation of Shandong landscape garden, development, focusing on displaying the comprehensive results of landscape garden research and special contribution to China's landscape garden,time span, rich in content, categories, informative, scientific evidence, illustrated, fill the blank of the history of Shandong landscape garden, is the first book of the history of Shandong landscape garden.This book fills in the blanks of Shandong landscape garden history, which is the first book of Shandong landscape garden history, and an important document of the landscape garden system.It is also a set of knowledge,historical, academic, artistic as one of the garden monographs.Exploring the source to keep the vein and continuing civilization, Shandong and other landscape gardens have an important guiding role and historical value.