Chapter1
History of Huang’s Bone-setting Manipulation
第一章
黄氏正骨发展史

Section1
Origins
第一节
历史渊源

Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）orthopaedics has a long and well-established history with lasting charms. Back to the Old Stone Age, human beings already knew how to use powder made from animals, plants and minerals in nature to dress wounds, and this is regarded as the prototype of the practice of orthopaedics and traumatology in traditional Chinese medicine. During the Pre-Qin times（2100-221 BC）, TCM orthopaedics and traumatology kept evolving as productivity increased, as herbal decoction, professional surgical instruments including stone needle and spicule, and nomenclature and treatments of bone damages gradually came into being. During the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods（770-221 BC）, basic theories on TCM orthopaedics and traumatology had taken shape and some medical classics, such as Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor , Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases and Prescriptions for Fifty - two Diseases emerged as a solid foundation for its later development. During the period of the Three Kingdoms（220-280）, Jin Dynasty（265-420）, and Southern and Northern Dynasties（420-589）, diagnostic and treatment techniques of TCM orthopaedics and traumatology achieved continuous improvement. Not long before this period,Hua Tuo（141-203）, a legendary physician and surgeon living at the end of the Han Dynasty, invented“Five Animal Play”（Wu Qin Xi）, an exercise for patients to accelerate the recovery of their body functions. Ge Hong（284-364）, a well-known physician, alchemist and herbalist in Ancient China,wrote the Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies in which he introduced the methods of fixing fractured bones and dealing with open wounds for the first time in TCM history. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties（581-907）, diagnostics and therapeutics of TCM orthopaedics and traumatology had taken shape with the advent of classic medical works including General Treatise on the Causes and Symptoms of Diseases , Invaluable Prescriptions for Ready Reference and Secrets of Treating Wounds and Bone - setting . As the earliest available treatise on orthopaedics, Secrets of Treating Wounds and Bone - setting is another piece of foundational work in this field. It discussed fractures, dislocations and internal injuries, leaving tremendous impact on later development of TCM orthopaedics and traumatology. During Ming and Qing Dynasties（1368-1911）, orthopaedics was separated from surgery, renamed“bone-setting”, as one of the thirteen TCM disciplines, and began to thrive. It was at this period that famous orthopaedic surgeons continuously sprang up, with various schools formed. From the First Opium War（1840-1842）to the founding of the People’s Republic of China, due to social instability and the shock caused by western culture, TCM, particularly orthopaedics, faced a severe crisis, as TCM orthopaedic surgeons were discriminated against and deemed as fake doctors who would sell fake adhesive drug plasters like street pedlars. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the government, guided by the Communist Party of China, carried out a series of policies and measures,such as establishing TCM hospitals, TCM colleges and other research institutes, to develop TCM and expand its influence.

中医正骨历史源远流长，历久弥新，早在旧石器时代人们已懂得利用自然界的动植物或矿物粉外敷包扎处理伤口，中医骨伤科学的雏形开始出现。先秦时代，随着生产水平提高，中医骨伤科学得以发展，这一时期出现了内服汤液以及砭石骨针等专门的外科工具，骨伤病的命名和治疗方法也逐渐形成。春秋战国时期，中医骨伤科学理论基本形成，在这一时期涌现了如《黄帝内经》《伤寒杂病论》《五十二病方》等一批经典著作，成为后世骨伤科赖以发展的基础。三国两晋南北朝时期，中医骨伤科学诊疗技术不断进步。华佗发明了“五禽戏”用于伤科患者的后期功能康复锻炼；葛洪所著的《肘后备急方》首次介绍了骨折固定的方法和开放性创口的处理办法。隋唐时期，中医骨伤科学疾病诊断及治疗学基本形成，这一时期出现了《诸病源候论》《备急千金要方》《仙授理伤续断秘方》等著作，其中《仙授理伤续断秘方》作为现存最早的骨科专著，其分述了骨折、脱位、内伤等三大证型，是中国骨伤科学的奠基之作，对后世骨伤科学的发展产生了巨大影响。明清时期，骨科从外科中分离独立，改名为“正骨科”，为医学十三科之一，中医骨伤科学开始兴盛。这一时期，伤科名家辈出，学派形成。鸦片战争时期至新中国成立前，由于社会动荡，加之西方文化的涌入，中医备受歧视，中医骨伤科学面临危机，伤科医生被视为行走江湖、卖膏药的下九流，中医骨伤科学也停滞不前。新中国成立后，中国共产党和人民政府采取了一系列继承和发展中医学的方针政策，相继建立了中医院、中医学院、中医科研机构，中医正骨得以发展与延续。

Catering to the needs of human society, TCM orthopaedics has emerged and grown with the development of mankind, and thus has flourished for thousands of years. Huang’s Bone-setting Manipulation can be traced to the same origin as that of TCM bone-setting therapy. On the basis of the latter, generations of practitioners have conducted thorough research into the special culture and environment in the Lingnan region, and local people’s physiological and pathological characteristics,absorbing folk experience and western medical knowledge. Huang’s Bone-setting Manipulation has gradually developed into a set of unique techniques, medicine and therapies with local characteristics on the basis of inheritance.

中医正骨顺应了人类生产发展的需要，伴随着人类发展而产生并成长，流传数千年而经久不衰。黄氏正骨与中医传统正骨一脉相承，前辈医家在继承传统中医正骨的基础上，深入探究岭南独特人文环境及生理、病理，纳取民间经验及外来医学新知，从中发掘出具有岭南特色的手法、方药、疗法，逐渐形成了颇具岭南地域特色的黄氏正骨流派。

Lingnan refers to the region to the south of the Nanling Mountains, covering Guangdong, Guangxi,and Hainan provinces in South China. Its climate is hot and humid throughout the year due to the geographical location surrounded by mountains and close to the sea. Humidity, commonly called“miasma”by ancient Chinese, can damage the vitality of human body and thus cause diseases. As noted in Book of the Later Han-Treatise on the Nanman, Southwestern Barbarians （ Volume 86 ）records:“The hot and warm weather in South China, plus miasma, causes four or five deaths among every ten patients.”And as recorded in Heat by Zhao Bao（414-466）of the Northern and Southern Dynasties writes,“Miasma suffocates human body in the daytime, while dew soaks people’s clothes at night.”To better prevent diseases caused by such bad climate, Lingnan people tend to study martial arts since childhood to keep fit. However, bruises or even fractures are inevitable in this process.Therefore, they often learn how to deal with bone fractures by themselves as well. As time goes on, a set of bone-setting techniques integrating characteristics of Lingnan martial arts gradually come into being.Lingnan martial arts is well-known for its gentleness and softness and creative use of strength, which is also pursued by Huang’s Bone-setting Manipulation. Geographically, the Lingnan region has longer coastlines and the earliest opened-up ports in China’s recent hundreds of years of history. From Ming Dynasty to the Mid-Qing Dynasty, the Pearl River was bustling with commercial shipping. And after a long time acting as the only port in China serving international trade, Guangzhou became one of the country’s largest business centres. In 1685, local government set up Guangdong customs and regulations for foreign firms in Thirteen Factories, the onty legal and specialized foreign trade agency from 1757 to 1842. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong（1736-1796）, foreigners were allowed to open inns in the Thirteen Factories for convenience’s sake. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,particularly after its reform and opening-up in 1978, many cities in South China were allowed to open ports for business and trade. Therefore, born in the region influenced by western culture since long ago,Huang’s Bone-setting Manipulation has distilled and integrated the essence of western medicine into itself, while Huang’s Bone-setting practitioners have been vigorously advocating that modern medicine and forms of drugs shall be further improved to enhance the therapeutic effect.

岭南地处祖国南疆，受海洋环境和五岭隔绝的影响，常年处于湿热的气候环境。湿热之气易伤正气，引人发病，古人又常称之为瘴气，如《后汉书·南蛮传》载：“南州水土温暑，加有瘴气，致死者十必四五。”南朝宋鲍照《苦热行》载：“瘴气昼熏体，茼露夜沾衣。”为抵抗外邪，岭南人自幼习武强身以御病。然习武之人少不了皮肉之伤甚至骨折，故常自学骨伤，一以习武一以自救。久而久之，逐渐形成了颇具岭南武学特色的正骨手法。岭南武学常以“轻巧柔和”著称，擅发短劲、消身借力、因势利导、不与力争、以巧取胜，这也是黄氏正骨手法所提倡的。再者，岭南地区拥有较长的海岸线和较早开放的港口。明代至清代中期，珠江商贸航运更加繁忙，广州长时间成为唯一的对外贸易港口，也是当时最大的商业城市之一。康熙二十四年，广州建立了粵海关并在十三行建立了洋行制度。从乾隆年间开始，准许外国人在十三行一带开设“夷馆”，方便其经商和生活居住。新中国成立后，特别是改革开放以来以南方多省市作为贸易港口。因此岭南作为最早接触外来文化的中国地域，不断受到外来医学文化的冲击，在这个过程中不断吸收外来医学精髓，兼容并蓄，如黄氏正骨就常提倡改进现代药剂药型以增强疗效。

Deeply rooted in the Lingnan region, Huang’s Bone-setting Manipulation, sharing the same origin with TCM bone-setting therapy, can be dated back to the early 20th century, as it was originated by Qi’En Chan master in the Qing Dynasty. Since then, it started to develop thanks to Lingyun Liao, and came into being at the time of Min Huang, while innovations and further development took place in Chongbo Huang’s charge. As of today, it has distilled wisdoms and clinical experience of several generations.

黄氏正骨与传统中医正骨一脉相承，它源于清代启恩禅师，肇始于廖凌云，形成于黄敏，创新发展于黄崇博，历经数代人的智慧与临床实践经验积累总结而成。

Qi’En, a Chan master of the Hualin Temple in Guangzhou, was exceptionally outstanding in martial arts, and well-known for his medical skills as well. Occasionally, he knew Yuan Liao and taught him bone-setting skills. Then Yuan Liao taught it to Lingyun Liao and several others. In 1950s,a health care centre（later called Guangzhou Orthopaedics Hospital）was established in Guangzhou,where TCM orthopaedic surgeons represented by Lingyun Liao voluntarily came and treat patients. In 1959, this centre was re-established, officially named Guangzhou Yuexiu District Orthopaedics Hospital（Figure1-1-1）, the first specialized TCM orthopaedics and traumatology hospital established in Guangzhou. As Linyun Liao and other doctors were committed to clinical treatment, they also shared their clinical experience with their apprentices. In 1960s, as one of the first apprentices, Min Huang,cured numerous patients with TCM bone-setting therapy and techniques, based on the experience of the former generations of practitioners, including Yuan Liao and Lingyun Liao, he made relentless efforts in innovations and gradually developed the unique Huang’s Bone-setting Manipulation techniques, which are still the hospital’s specialty. Chongbo Huang, the second son of Min Huang, started to learn TCM bone-setting techniques from his father at an early age, and later put such skills into clinical practice,following his father’s footsteps. Since he took office as the Hospital’s director, a professional research team of Huang’s Bone-setting Manipulation has been established to develop and improve new medicaments on its own; and doctors of other last names except“Huang”have been authorized to train apprentices, so as to pass Huang’s Bone-setting Manipulation techniques to future generations and continuously expand its influence.

黄氏正骨深受传统中医正骨及岭南地域特色影响，其形成具体可追溯到20世纪初，其时广州华林寺有一著名少林僧人启恩禅师，为远近闻名的跌打医生，其武艺超群，医术精湛，名噪一方。后经结缘，启恩禅师将正骨手法传授于廖垣前辈，廖垣又将正骨手法传授于廖凌云等人。20世纪50年代，广州成立了一个医疗联合机构（广州市正骨医院前身），以廖凌云为首的民间中医骨科医生自愿到该联合机构行医，1959年该医疗联合机构正式改制为广州市越秀区正骨医院（图1-1-1），为当时广州地区最早成立的中医骨伤科专科医院。廖凌云及众民间中医在积极开展临床工作的同时通过师带徒的形式将临床经验传授于后人。20世纪60年代以来，作为越秀区正骨医院首批学徒的黄敏医师，在继承廖垣、廖凌云等前辈经验的基础上，善于思考，勤于总结，敢于创新，运用中医正骨理法方药治愈了无数患者，逐渐形成独具特色的黄氏正骨手法，成为正骨医院的招牌并一直沿用至今。黄敏次子黄崇博，自幼就跟随黄敏院长学习中医正骨手法，并将其手法熟练运用于临床工作当中。黄崇博担任院长一职以来，成立了正骨手法研究室，改良和研发医院新型自制剂并授权异姓师带徒，不断弘扬黄氏正骨手法，将黄氏正骨手法代代相传。

Born in modern times of China, Huang’s Bone-setting Manipulation has been developed by several generations of famous practitioners and has grown into a distinguished branch of TCM bone-setting system with distinctive local features, highly acclaimed in the Lingnan region for its unique, great effect.

黄氏正骨虽萌发于近代，却后起而勃发，经历代名医先贤的发展、充实，已然成为中医正骨体系中独树一帜、地域鲜明的重要学术流派，其独特疗效在岭南地区享负声誉，是岭南中医骨伤科领域中的一颗璀璨明珠。 R7KXhpIBcofJ2uDoXh+m25qTIvfgi7+YLf19cLnj3ausWceVeTgrqeNlOSowzPh5