鸻形目

丘鹬 Eurasian Woodcock
Scolopax rusticola

中型涉禽
体长 33~35 cm

虹膜 /iris

褐色 /brown

嘴 /bill

基部偏粉色，端黑色/ greyish with pink base

脚 /legs and feet

粉灰色 /pinkish-grey

目 │ 鸻形目CHARADRIIFORMES 科 │ 鹬科Scolopacidae

野外识别 │ 体羽以淡黄褐色为主。头顶有 3~4 条黑色横纹（沙锥类鸟是纵向纹，这是明显区别），上体具黑色带状横纹，尾羽黑色，并散有锈色红斑，其末端上面黄灰色，下体黄褐色，密布暗色横斑。

居留及分布 │ 繁殖于欧亚大陆和日本，越冬于北非、印度、中南半岛、日本，偶尔到菲律宾。在中国繁殖于新疆西部的天山、黑龙江和吉林，越冬于西藏南部、云南、贵州、四川和长江以南其他地区。在南岭为冬候鸟，分布于乳阳和大顶山。

生境及习性 │ 栖息在潮湿、阴暗、落叶层厚的稠密的混交林和阔叶林中。白天常隐伏林中，很少飞出。黄昏常飞到森林附近的湿地水田边觅食。取食蚯蚓、蜗牛、小型昆虫及其幼虫。繁殖期 5—7 月。巢在密林地上或灌丛下，为浅坑洼状，用枯枝、干草、干叶等筑成。窝卵数 4 枚，卵为梨形、暗沙红色，有棕红色斑点。

Field identification │ A bulky snipe-like bird with a very long bill, a short neck and legs, and cryptic plumage, readily separated from all snipes occurring in Guangdong by its hindcrown, which is distinctly barred with black. The upperparts are rusty-brown with black and grey markings, and the underparts pale buff with greyish-brown bars.

Distribution & status │ Breeds in northern parts of Europe and Asia. In China, it breeds in the north and winters south of the Yangtze. In Nanling, it is an uncommon passage migrant, recorded at Ruyang and Dadingshan.

Habitat & habits │ In winter, Eurasian Woodcocks occur singly or occasionally in small loose flocks in dense woodland where the ground is thickly matted with fallen leaves. They hide in the daytime, flying a short distance if flushed, and forage in paddyfields, wetlands, lakesides and river edges at night, especially at dusk. Their food consists mainly of earthworms, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera and other insect larvae as well as crustaceans, snails, spiders, leeches and plant matter.