水雉 Pheasant-tailed Jacana
Hydrophasianus chirurgus

中型涉禽
体长 39~58 cm

虹膜 /iris

淡黄色 /yellow

嘴 /bill

灰色 /grey

脚 /legs and feet

暗绿色 /greenish-grey

目 │ 鸻形目CHARADRIIFORMES 科 │ 水雉科Jacanidae

野外识别 │ 夏羽头、颏、喉和前颈白色，后颈金黄色。背、腹棕褐色且具光泽，下体棕褐色。翅白色，尾羽黑色，特长且下弯。冬羽头顶和后颈黑褐色，具白色眉纹，颈侧具黄色纵带，具粗黑褐色过眼纹且与胸带相连。下体余部白色，尾短。脚趾特别长。

居留及分布 │ 分布于中国南方、南亚次大陆及亚洲东南部等热带及亚热带地区的开放性湿地中，主要分布在淡水湖沼。在南岭是夏候鸟，大顶山和龙潭角有记录。

生境及习性 │ 栖息于富有挺水植物和漂浮植物的淡水湖泊、池塘和沼泽地带。性活泼，善在莲叶、芡实叶等大型浮草上行走，单独或小群活动，冬季有时集大群。以昆虫、软体动物、甲壳类等小型无脊椎动物和水生植物为食。繁殖期 4—9 月。一雌多雄制，在大型浮草上营巢。窝卵数 4 枚，卵为梨形、绿褐色或橄榄褐色等。

Field identification │ A slender waterbird with elongated toes and claws. Summer-plumaged adults are very distinctive, with a very long drooping blackish tail, white head and neck, golden-yellow nape bordered by a black line, glossy blackish-brown upperparts, white wings with black wingtips, and black underparts. Females are larger than males. Non-breeding adults lack the long tail and have the upperparts mainly brown and the underparts white, marked by a dark line that runs from behind the eye, down the side of the neck and onto the breast sides.

Distribution & status │ Distributed from S Asia and Indochina east to China and the Philippines.In China, it is a summer visitor to southern and eastern provinces. In Nanling, it is a rare passage migrant, recorded at Dadingshan and Longtanjiao.

Habitat & habits │ Pheasant-tailed Jacanas occur on passage in a variety of aquatic habitats,where they feed on insects and invertebrates. They breed in Guangdong on ponds with floating vegetation, especially the Prickly Water Lily ( Euryale ferox ).