鹤形目

白骨顶 Common Coot
Fulica atra

中型游禽
体长 36~39 cm

虹膜 /iris

红色 /red

嘴 /bill

白色 /white

脚 /legs and feet

灰绿色 /greyish-green

目 │ 鹤形目GRUIFORMES 科 │ 秧鸡科Rallidae

野外识别 │ 具显眼的白色嘴和额甲，与全身黑色羽毛对比非常强烈。比黑水鸡体型稍大。飞行时，可见翼后缘有白边。

居留及分布 │ 广泛分布于欧亚大陆、非洲、印度尼西亚、澳大利亚和新西兰，在中国分布广泛。在南岭地区为冬候鸟，于乳阳有记录。

生境及习性 │ 栖息于有芦苇、三棱草等水边挺水植物的湖泊、水库、河湾和沼泽地带。常成群活动，善游泳和潜水。主要以小鱼、虾、水生昆虫，以及水生植物的嫩叶、幼芽、果实为食，也吃眼子菜、看麦娘、水绵、轮藻、黑藻、丝藻、芡藻和小芡藻等藻类。繁殖期 5—7 月。营巢于有开阔水面的水边芦苇丛和草丛中。窝卵数 7~12 枚，卵为圆形，青灰色、灰黄色或灰白色。

Field identification │ Slightly larger than Common Moorhen and easily distinguished by its strikingly white bill and frontal shield and all-black plumage (except for the secondaries which have a narrow white trailing edge, visible in flight).

Distribution & status │ Widespread in the Palearctic, including China, where it breeds in the north and winters in the south. In Nanling, it is recorded at Ruyang.

Habitat & habits │ Common Coots occur in flocks at lakes, reservoirs, rivers, estuaries and marshy areas with emergent aquatic plants such as reeds. They swim and dive well and feed on the parts and seeds of aquatic plants, worms, aquatic insects and their larvae, small fish, shrimps, amphibians and small mammals.