绿翅鸭 Green-winged Teal
Anas crecca

小型鸭类
体长 34~38 cm

虹膜 /iris

淡褐色 /hazel

嘴 /bill

黑色 /black

脚 /legs and feet

灰色 /grey

目 │ 雁形目ANSERIFORMES 科 │ 鸭科 Anatidae

野外识别 │ 雌雄异形。雄鸟头至颈部深栗色，头顶两侧从眼开始有一条宽阔的绿色带斑一直延伸至颈侧，尾下覆羽黑色，两侧各有一黄色三角形斑，在水中游泳时极为醒目。雌鸟暗褐色，特征不明显，但比其他鸭科种类个体小。飞翔时，雌雄鸭翅上具有金属光泽的翠绿色翼镜和翼镜前后缘的白边，可作为辨认特征。

居留及分布 │ 广泛分布于美洲、欧洲、亚洲和非洲等地。繁殖于整个古北界，在南方越冬。在南岭为冬候鸟，分布在乳阳一带。

生境及习性 │ 繁殖期主要栖息在开阔、水生植物茂盛且少干扰的中小型湖泊和各种水塘中，非繁殖期栖息在开阔的大型湖泊、江河、河口、港湾、沙洲、沼泽和沿海地带。喜集群，雌雄鸣声不同，羽色和行为也有差异；配偶关系及家庭生活维持时间短。冬季食物主要为植物性食物，其他季节也吃螺等小型无脊椎动物，主要在水边浅水处觅食。休息多在水边地上或沙洲和湖中小岛上。繁殖期 5—7 月。窝卵数 8~11 枚，卵多为白色或淡黄色。

Field identification │ A small dabbling duck. Males are mainly greyish except for a dark chestnut head with a buff-bordered glossy green patch running from the eye to the nape, a black stern with yellow triangular patches, and a narrow white line separating the mantle from the flanks. Females are mainly mottled brown, with a rather plain facial pattern.

Distribution & status │ Widespread in Eurasia. In China, it breeds in the far north and winters from the Yellow River south to the coast. In Nanling, it is an occasional autumn migrant at Ruyang.

Habitat & habits │ Green-winged Teals typically gather in flocks in winter at lakes, rivers,estuaries, marshes and coastal areas. They swim well, fly fast and forage in shallow water, feeding on aquatic plants and also snails, shellfish, molluscs, aquatic insects and other small invertebrates.