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Directions: In this section, there are four passages. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the best choice.
One hundred years ago, there were no MP3s, CDs, or even records! If you wanted to hear a song, you sang it or played it yourself. Maybe you had a player piano or a talented family member that would play a song for you. When a song was very popular, everyone knew how to play it or sing it.
By the 1920s, all of those have changed. Songs could now be delivered to your home in two ways: through a record player or a radio. As people bought record players and radios, they could listen to music without learning to play it first. But radio was usually live and recording a gramophone record was tricky because the song had to be played perfectly once and for all. And people at home could not record their own songs.
Then a new invention came along that made music much easier to record and play. Magnetic tape allowed different parts of a performance to be cut and joined together, so that mistakes could be corrected. It also allowed video and television shows to be recorded so that they did not have to put on live shows. So by the 1950s people had even more music choices. They could listen to music on their radios, on their record players or on their tape players. These early tape players were pretty big, almost like a movie projector. Most importantly, they allowed ordinary people to record their own music (or voice) at home!
1. According to Paragraph 1, it was possible to hear a song with ______.
A. an MP3
B. a CD
C. a record
D. a player piano
2. What does the underlined word “tricky” probably mean?
A. Boring.
B. Difficult.
C. Relaxing.
D. Pleasant.
3. What do we know about magnetic tape?
A. It cannot put music together.
B. It cannot be used to record music.
C. It makes music easier to play.
D. It causes mistakes in live shows.
4. The last paragraph is mainly about ______.
A. radios
B. record players
C. music choices
D. movie projectors
5. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. Music in the Home
B. Tape Players
C. Recording of Songs
D. Sheet Music
When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally. The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction. Then she ran along the edge of cliff (悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea.
Her owner Mike Holden panicked and called the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds. Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search.
Three days later, a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead. He comforted himself with the thought that she had died in the most beautiful part of the country.
For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken. Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holden if he would like his dog back.
A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.
The dog had initially been knocked unconscious (失去知觉的) but had survived by drinking water from a fresh stream at the base of the cliff. She might have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin and hungry,” Steve Tregear said. “She was a very lucky dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water,” he added.
It was, as Mr. Holden admitted, “a minor miracle (奇迹)”.
6. The dog Judy fell down the cliff when she was ______.
A. rescuing her owner
B. caught in a hurricane
C. blocked by a rock
D. running after a sheep
7. Who spotted Judy after the accident?
A. A birdwatcher.
B. A student from Leeds.
C. Six volunteers.
D. The coastguard of Cornwall.
8. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. People like to travel with their pets.
B. Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.
C. Luck plays a vital role in Judy's survival.
D. Holden cared little where Judy was buried.
9. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Mr. Holden called the coastguard after his dog fell down the cliff.
B. Judy was strong and healthy when she was found.
C. People thought Judy died after a 90-minute search.
D. Judy survived because she had fresh water and food.
10. The best title for the passage can be ______.
A. A Miracle of the Coastguard
B. Surviving a Hurricane
C. Dangers in the Wild
D. A Narrow Escape
There are a few things you should keep in mind when you talk to your professors (大学老师), especially if you ask for a particular favor.
Call them by the right title. A “Doctor” is someone with a Ph.D.; not all professors have a Ph.D. “Professor” is usually acceptable, unless you have been told otherwise. I prefer to be called by my first name, and I make that point clear on the first day of my class. If you are totally unsure, a “Mr.” or “Ms.” is usually fine. Do not use “Mrs.” unless the professor herself uses it; it is time to recognize that not all adult women are or want to be married.
Be prepared to do the work. If you have missed an assignment or a test or are failling behind in your reading, and you are seeking help to catch up or a special dispensation (豁免) to make up the assignment, you had better be prepared to do the work—and generally under more difficult conditions. I get the impression that a lot of students imagine I might just say “Don't worry about it. I'll give you the points anyway.” This, of course, is not going to happen.
Prepare for disappointment. So often a professor will not or cannot help you. Your professor probably spends hours writing his or her syllabus (教学大纲), and probably spends another hour explaining it to you at the beginning of the class, so he or she has invested a lot in the rules. They especially hate it when you do not do an assignment and then ask for a way to make it up. Your only choice might be to shift into damage control, see what you can do, and ask honestly if you should continue in the class.
As a general rule, professors respect true interest. They will go out of their way to help if they feel that you are honestly interested in doing well.
11. Which title is usually acceptable for a student to call a teacher at a university?
A. Doctor.
B. Professor.
C. Mr. or Mrs.
D. First name.
12. As a university student who has missed a test, you had better ______.
A. ask for a particular favor
B. ask for an easy make-up
C. get prepared to work harder
D. seek help from your professor
13. Professors hate it when students do not do an assignment and then ask for a way to make it up, for they have already ______.
A. explained the syllabus
B. invested much in the rules
C. finished writing their syllabus
D. prepared to disappoint their students
14. What will professors do when they feel that you are really interested in doing well?
A. Offer you help as much as possible.
B. Require you to catch up with others.
C. Ask you to get prepared for the work.
D. Give you the points you want to have.
15. What can you infer from the passage?
A. We can often use “Mrs.” for women professors.
B. The author is likely to give the points as the students wish.
C. You should drop out of the class when you fail to do an assignment.
D. Students should follow some advice when dealing with their professors.
When you prepare a speech, you should remember that there is no way to satisfy the needs of all the listeners. Audiences, large or small, are complex and have different requirements when receiving and digesting information, which needs to be considered at the planning stage of your presentation.
Adapting your speech based on your audience size should be one of the first things for you to do. Larger audiences often have little or no audience participation (参与), so you need to ensure that your speech is long enough to fill the time required. It's also much harder to get the attention of a larger group of people so your tone and body language are more important than ever and maintaining eye contact with as many individuals around the room is necessary to keep them involved. For smaller audiences, they are more relaxed and often have more opportunity to take part in a conversation. This means you'll need to have time for questions or comments throughout the speech.
The second difficulty to experience in making a speech in that you naturally have lots of different types of people in the room that learn and take in information in many different ways. Generally speaking, there are 4 different ways in which people learn: watching, listening, reading and writing. By including elements of each learning style, your speech will engage more of your audience.
Another way in which you'll need to adapt your speech is to consider whether you are talking to other experts in the same field, or to beginners or an audience with limited knowledge about the topic. The most effective way to do this is to create two versions (版本) of your speech that have quite different content. Otherwise, both experts and beginners may lose interest.
No matter how much you prepare and adapt your content, you may find yourself in a situation where you are losing audience engagement during your speech. It's necessary that you read and act on such signals.
16. What should you consider when you plan your presentation?
A. The size of the audience.
B. The way of making a speech.
C. The body language you will use.
D. The audiences’ different requirements about information.
17. Which of the following should you NOT do when giving a speech to a large audience?
A. Prepare a speech long enough.
B. Pay attention to your tone and body language.
C. Ask the audience as many questions as possible.
D. Try to maintain eye contact with as many people as possible.
18. What should you do to enable a small audience to participate in a speech?
A. Use your body language.
B. Make the speech more formal.
C. Maintain eye contact with them.
D. Give them time to ask questions or make comments.
19. What should you do when you find the listeners are no longer interested in your speech?
A. End the speech.
B. Adapt the speech.
C. Continue the speech.
D. Ignore audiences’ response.
20. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. A good speaker should adapt to different audiences.
B. A good speaker can satisfy the needs of all the audiences.
C. A good speaker can always get the attention of audiences.
D. A good speaker should prepare the same information for all kinds of audiences.