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本题重点描写了三个不同时期某个地方的变化情况，分段比较直接。首段说明题目的主题；第二段整体说明自1975年以来这里已经发生了显著变化，对整体趋势进行概括性的说明；然后在第三到五段，分别对1975、1995和now的情况进行说明，描写每个时期该地方的情况。
第一段：转写题目，说明主题，注意对题目描述中关键表达进行同义替换。
第二段：整体说明该地区自1975年以来发生了显著变化，并且针对主要发生变化的情况进行概括。
第三段：描写1975年时这里的情况，此时Hanratty和Dala是分离的，分别说明铁路和公路的情况。
第四段：描写1995年的情况，主要说明Hanratty建设了哪些功能区域，以及道路的发展情况。
第五段：描写当前的情况，Hanratty和Dala已经进行了融合，与上个段落类似，重点说明道路的发展情况，以及新建了哪些功能区域。
The maps illustrate how Hanratty Village and the neighbouring town, Dala, have developed over three different time periods [1] (1975, 1995, and the present day).
Overall, significant changes in the area have taken place since 1975 [2] . Hanratty Village has expanded considerably into a fairly large town with suburbs, merging with Dala; transportation networks have grown , and new community service facilities have been built [3] .
In 1975, both Hanratty and Dala were completely separate with no roads or rail connecting them. While Dala had a railway line running through [4] , Hanratty had a road running from the north to south [5] .
By 1995, Hanratty and Dala had experienced considerable growth [6] . The small north-south road in Hanratty Village was widened into a main road [7] and a new road was constructed running from the west to the east through the village. In addition, a housing estate, sports centre and a supermarket were built.
Now, in the present day [8] , Hanratty and Dala have basically merged [9] . The railway line, which runs through Dala, has been extended to the west where a train station has been built. To [10] the north of the station, a hotel has been constructed and opposite the station [11] , to the south, there is now a large clothing outlet.
[1] how ... have developed over ... periods 在……期间……是如何发展的
变迁型地图题经常描绘的是一个地方在一段时间里的变化，所以这个开头段句式可以用在很多地图题中，在使用时需要注意时态。
[2] significant changes in the area have taken place since + year意为“从……起，这个地方发生了明显的变化”，用来表达总体特点。
[3] ... has expanded considerably / ... have grown / new ... have been built这三个以动词为核心的短语都在表达地点被扩建，注意同义词替换。
[4] have a railway line running through 有一条铁路穿过
[5] have a road running from the north to south 有一条路贯穿南北
[6] have experienced considerable growth 一个地方面积明显扩大
[7] The small north-south road ... was widened into a main road意为“那条自北向南的小路……被扩建为主路”，be widened表示路被拓宽。
[8] in the present day放在Now之后，有加强之意。本段开始描述现在的状态和变化，时态转化为一般现在时和现在完成时。
[9] A and B have basically merged A和B基本融合在了一起
[10] 地图题中常用的三个描述方位的介词：to表示“不相邻”；on表示“相邻”；in表示“包含”
例如： Japan is to the east of China.
Guangdong is on the southeast of Guangxi Province.
China is in the east of Asia.
[11] opposite the station意为“在车站的对面”，本句中的opposite为介词，如：I sat opposite him during the meal. 吃饭时我坐在他对面。
opposite还可作形容词，在地图题中较常用的短语表达为：on the opposite side of意为“在另一边”，如：A new shop was opened on the opposite side of the supermarket. 超市的另一边新开了一家商店。
这些地图展现了Hanratty村庄和邻近的Dala镇在三个不同时期（1975年、1995年和现在）是如何发展起来的。
总体来说，自1975年以来，该地区发生了显著变化。Hanratty村庄已经发展为一个相当大的城镇，有郊区，并且与Dala镇融合；交通网络不断发展，建设了新的社区服务设施。
在1975年，Hanratty和Dala两地完全分离，没有公路和铁路连接。Dala有一条贯穿的铁路线，而Hanratty有一条从北到南的公路。
到1995年，Hanratty和Dala经历了相当大的发展。Hanratty的南北向小路已经扩宽为一条主干道，一条新建的道路自西向东穿过村庄。此外，Hanratty还建了一片住宅区、一个体育中心和一家超市。
现在，Hanratty和Dala已基本融合。穿过Dala的铁路线向西延伸至火车站。在火车站的北面，一个酒店已经建成；在火车站南边的对面，现在是一个大型服装商场。
本题针对当前和2050年的计划进行对比，需要注意的是对于将来时态的使用，在分段方面，建议首段改写主题，之后在第二段说明整体的变化情况，之后两个段落分别说明当前的情况和计划在2050年建设的情况。
第一段：改写题目，说明这两个地图的主题。
第二段：整体说明变化，也就是在设施和房间方面都有所增加。
第三段：描写当前的情况，可以从入口位置开始描述，之后通过中央走廊到达前台，在描述每一处的时候，可以同时描述与之相关的设施，最后描写小花园的情况。
第四段：描写2050年的情况，整体来说保健中心得到了扩建，因此可以从设施和房间变化的角度来入手，说明从当前的情况到2050年会发生的变化，例如咨询室、小手术室的增加，以及花园将被改为停车区等。
The two plans illustrate the renovation plans [1] for the expansion of [2] a health centre by the year 2050.
Overall, significant changes will be made to the layout and infrastructure [3] including an enlargement featuring more rooms and facilities.
Currently [4] , the main entrance is located [5] at the front of the health centre, in the south side, with 10 parking spaces [6] outside. The entrance opens into a central hallway with 12 seats distributed [7] outside 4 rooms and along the west side of the hallway. The reception desk stands at [8] the north end of the central hallway. A small garden at the back of the health centre is accessible through a door [9] in the very northwest, just at the back of the reception desk.
The proposed plans for 2050 [10] show an expansion of the facilities, with 1 more consultation room, a children's play area in the southwest, and a minor [11] operations room at the north. The main entrance will be moved to the lower west side of the building and the reception desk placed [12] on the south wall, facing [13] the door. The garden will be removed [14] to make space for [15] the expanded car park with 25 more parking spaces.
[1] renovation plan 改造方案
[2] the expansion of ... ……的扩建
[3] significant changes will be made to the layout and infrastructure 意为“布局和基础设施都有明显变化”，layout一词常用于地图题，表示“布局”。
[4] currently adv. 现在【同】now/at present
[5] be located 意为“位于”，【同】be situated / be sited，后接介词表方位
[6] parking spaces 意为“停车位”，文章最后一句还出现了同样表示停车场的car park。
[7] distribute v. 分散在
【例】These cells are widely distributed throughout the body. 这些细胞遍布身体各处。
[8] stand at 意为“位于”；这是一个用得很妙的小词，描写放置在某处的静态物件。
[9] ... is accessible through a door ……可以通过一扇门进入
[10] The proposed plans for 2050 2050年的规划
[11] minor adj. 较小的，小型的
[12] place v. 放置；本句中placed前省略了will be
本词用法还可以参考以下两个例子：
He placed his hand on her shoulder. 他把手搭在她的肩上。
The parking areas in the town are few, but strategically placed. 城内停车场虽少，但都设在关键地方。
[13] face v. 面对，正对
【例】Most of the rooms face the sea. 多数房间朝海。
[14] will be removed 将被移除
[15] make space for ... 为……腾出空间
这两个设计图呈现了现在到2050年一个保健中心的扩建改造计划。
总的来说，布局和基础设施将会有重大改变，包括增加更多的房间和设施。
目前，主要入口位于保健中心的正面南侧，外面有10个停车位。入口通向中央走廊，其外侧是分布在4个房间外和西边走廊上的12个座位。前台位于中央走廊的最北端。保健中心后面的一个小花园可通过西北方的入口进入，就在前台的后面。
根据2050年的规划，这些设施将被扩建：在西南方向增加一个咨询室、一个儿童游乐区，在北边增加一个小型手术室。主入口将被移到建筑西侧较低的地方，接待处将位于南墙，正对着门。花园将被移除，为扩建的停车场腾出25个车位的空间。
地图题一般考查城镇或某区域的变迁，而这道题则给出了两个静态图，介绍了日本和美国办公室的不同格局，很多考生觉得无从下笔。这道题有两种写法：一种是按照图形分段，日本办公室写一段，美国办公室写一段，分别描述其布局特征后，在概述段总结异同；另一种是将日本和美国办公室放在一起写，根据不同布局的特征分段。本文选用第二种篇章结构。需要注意的是，不建议考生在小作文中添加过多的主观评论，只对布局进行客观描述即可。
第一段：改写题目，介绍两个地图的主要特征。
第二段：描写日本和美国办公室主体部分布局的差异。日本办公室的设计倾向于公共开间，员工和经理围坐在相邻空间内。美国的办公室崇尚简洁，由隔断隔开。
第三段：描写其他设施的差异，如会议室、存储和复印设施以及窗户的朝向等。
第四段：总结两种办公室的特点：美国办公室采用分隔布局，关注个人工作区。日本办公室的特点是开放式空间，更强调公共区域。
The two diagrams illustrate the differences in layout [1] between a standard American office and its Japanese counterpart [2] .
In general, the layouts of the two offices exhibit pronounced differences [3] . The Japanese office design leans towards [4] a communal approach, typified by [5] a pyramid-shaped seating arrangement, with employees surrounding rectangular tables [6] adjacent to [7] section and department managers. Conversely, the American office embraces simplicity, featuring [8] six semi-closed cubicles [9] in a central area for employee workstations, with managers situated in separate cubicles.
A noteworthy distinction lies in [10] the availability of specific areas within the American office, including conference rooms, storage, and copy facilities, which are absent in the Japanese office. Moreover, the Japanese office enjoys a significant north-facing window [11] behind the department manager, while the American office incorporates [12] windows on either side, spanning nearly the entire wall [13] .
In summary, The American office features a partitioned [14] layout focusing on individual workstations. In contrast, the Japanese office is characterized by [15] open-plan spaces and a greater emphasis on communal areas.
[1] layout n. 布局（地图题常用词汇）
[2] its Japanese counterpart指日本，counterpart是名词，意思是“职位（或作用）相当的人；对应的事物”。
【例】The minister held talks with his French counterpart. 部长与法国部长举行了会谈。
[3] exhibit pronounced differences 呈现出明显的差异
pronounced是形容词，意思是“明显的”，与noticeable和obvious是同义词。
[4] lean towards 倾向
[5] typified by 意为“以……为代表”；typified by a pyramid-shaped seating arrangement是对a communal approach的进一步补充，说明这种公共方式以金字塔形的座位安排为代表。
[6] with引导伴随状语，继续补充说明这种公共开间的布局结构；employee与surround构成主动关系，故使用现在分词形式surrounding。注意这两句表示补充说明的句式，与下文描述美国办公室的句型有异曲同工之妙。
[7] adjacent to 与……相邻
[8] feature v. 以……为特色
[9] semi-closed cubicle 半封闭式隔间
[10] a noteworthy distinction lies in 一个值得注意的区别在于
[11] a significant north-facing window 一扇巨大的朝北的窗户
[12] incorporate v. 包含
[13] spanning nearly the entire wall补充说明windows；span是动词，意思是“横跨”。
【例】series of bridges spanning the river 架在河上的一系列桥梁
[14] partitioned adj. 被隔断的
[15] be characterized by 以……为特征【同】feature
这两张图说明了标准美国办公室和日本办公室在布局上的差异。
总的来说，这两个办公室的布局呈现出明显的差异。日本的办公室设计倾向于公共方式，以金字塔形的座位安排为代表，员工围绕在与组长和部门经理相邻的矩形桌子旁。相反，美国的办公室崇尚简洁，在员工工作区的中央区域有六个半封闭的隔间，经理们位于不同的隔间中。
一个值得注意的区别在于美国办公室内特定区域的可用性，包括会议室、存储和复印设施，而日本办公室没有这些设施。此外，日本办公室在部门经理身后有一扇巨大的朝北的窗户，而美国办公室的两侧都有窗户，几乎横跨整面墙。
总之，美国办公室采用分隔布局，关注个人工作区。相比之下，日本办公室的特点是开放式空间，更强调公共区域。