Section C
The ARRIVE Guidelines 2.0：Author Checklist
动物研究：体内实验报告指南2.0：作者清单

In an attempt to improve the reporting of animal research，the ARRIVE guidelines（Animal Research：Reporting of In Vivo Experiments）were published in 2010.The guidelines consist of a checklist of the items that should be included in any manuscript that reports in vivo experiments，to ensure a comprehensive and transparent description.They apply to any area of research using live animal species and are especially pertinent to describe comparative research in the laboratory or other formal test settings.The guidelines are also relevant in a wider context，for example，for observational research，studies conducted in the field，and where animal tissues are used.In the 10 years since publication，the ARRIVE guidelines have been endorsed by more than a thousand journals from across the life sciences. Endorsement ^① typically includes advocating their use in guidance to authors and reviewers.However，despite this level of support，recent studies have shown that important information as set out in the ARRIVE guidelines is still missing from most publications sampled.This includes details on randomisation（reported in only 30%-40%of publications），blinding（reported in only approximately 20% of publications），sample size justification ^② （reported in less than 10% of publications），and animal characteristics（all basic characteristics reported in less than 10% of publications）.

① endorsement ［ɪnˈdɔːsmənt］n.赞同，支持，认可

② justification ［ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃn］n.正当理由

Approval for experiments involving animals is generally based on a harm-benefit analysis， weighing ^① the harms to the animals involved against the benefits of the research to society.If the research is not reported in enough detail，even when conducted rigorously，the benefits may not be realised，and the harm-benefit analysis and public trust in the research are undermined.As a community，we must do better to ensure that，where animals are used，the research is both well designed and analysed as well as transparently reported.Here，we introduce the revised ARRIVE guidelines，referred to as ARRIVE 2.0.The information included has been updated，extended，and reorganised to facilitate the use of the guidelines，helping to ensure that researchers，editors，and reviewers—as well as other relevant journal staff—are better equipped to improve the rigour and reproducibility ^② of animal research.

① weigh ［weɪ］v.权衡

② reproducibility ［ˌriːprəˌdjuːsɪˈbɪlɪtɪ］n.重复性

In ARRIVE 2.0，we have improved the clarity of the guidelines， prioritised ^③ the items，added new information，and generated the accompanying Explanation and Elaboration（E&E）document to provide context and rationale for each item（also available at https：//www.arriveguidelines.org）.New additions comprise inclusion and exclusion criteria，which are a key aspect of data handling and prevent the ad hoc ^④ exclusion of data；protocol registration，arecently emerged approach that promotes scientific rigour and encourages researchers to carefully consider the experimental design and analysis plan before any data are collected；and data access，in line with the FAIR Data Principles（Findable，Accessible，Interoperable，Reusable）.

③ prioritise ［praɪˈɒrɪˌtaɪz］v.按优先顺序排列

④ ad hoc ［ˌæd ˈhɒk］adj.临时的

The most significant departure from the original guidelines is the classification of items into 2 prioritised groups，as shown in tables 2-3-1 and 2-3-2.There is no ranking of the items within each group.The first group is the “ARRIVE Essential 10”，which describes information that is the basic minimum to include in a manuscript，as without this information，reviewers and readers cannot confidently assess the reliability ^⑤ of the findings presented.It includes details on the study design，the sample size，measures to reduce subjective bias ^⑥ ，outcome measures，statistical methods，the animals，experimental procedures，and results.The second group，referred to as the“Recommended Set”，adds context to the study described.This includes the ethical ^⑦ statement，declaration of interest， protocol ^⑧ registration，and data access，as well as more detailed information on the methodology such as animal housing，husbandry，care，and monitoring.Items on the abstract，background，objectives，interpretation，and generalisability also describe what to include in the more narrative parts of a manuscript.

⑤ reliability ［rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪlətɪ］n.可靠性

⑥ bias ［ˈbaɪəs］n.偏倚

⑦ ethical ［ˈeθɪkl］adj.伦理的

⑧ protocol ［ˈprəʊtəkɒl］n.科学实验计划，（研究）方案

① priori ［praɪˈɔ:raɪ］adj./adv.先验的 /地，从事实推断结果，由因及果

② outcome measure ［ˈaʊtkʌm ˈmeʒə（r）］结局指标

① species ［ˈspiːʃiːz］n.品种

② strain ［streɪn］n.品系

③ provenance ［ˈprɒvənəns］n.起源，出处

④ genotype ［ˈdʒenətaɪp］n.基因型

Activities 2-3

1.Translate the following terms into Chinese.

1）reliability_______________ 2）ethical______________________________

3）bias_________________ 4）protocol_____________________________

5）priori__________________ 6）outcome measure______________________

7）ad hoc________________ 8）prioritise_____________________________

9）provenance______________ 10）genotype___________________________

2.Rewrite the following sentence to make it easier to understand.

Provide as accurate and concise a description of the content of the article as possible.

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

3.Read the article in Section A again and mark with item number the words and sentences that provide the information listed on the ARRIVE checklist. W9QGArMurHqQzZIzqE0CNCuK5Mv9osx8rRfrS81K0xcG0XD1Jt+ir4gMJayuTt+a