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The notion of“interlanguage” （IL） has been central to the development of second language acquisition research.Interlanguage is viewed as a separate linguistic system which is different from both the learner's native language and the target language.The fundamental assumption in second language acquisition research is that while learners are acquiring a second language，they are creating their own language system.In light of this concept，the learner's speech is not a deficit system，filled with random errors，but a system of its own with its own structure.In this chapter we first give an introduction of interlanguage hypothesis，including its background and development.Then，we will briefly discuss the characteristics of interlanguage and present the major findings in interlanguage studies，in particular the developmental patterns of the learner language.Finally，we will present some recent studies in interlanguage pragmatics.