第1节　名词性从句

名词性从句是可以用作名词的从句，基本形式是“引导词+完整句子”，最常见的引导词是that，所以可以用“That-S-V-O”来表示名词性从句。

名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语和同位语，所以名词性从句，即“That-S-V-O”这一结构可以在句子中作主语、宾语和同位语，也就由此产生了主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

由于强调句的形式类似主语从句，所以和名词性从句放在一起，一并讲解。

1.1　主语从句It is/was+adj.+that+句子

例句1 Her reluctance is apparent. 她的不情愿是显而易见的。

这个句子是主系表结构，由(Her)reluctance这个名词充当主语。

例句2 That social media and the Internet have helped the dissemination of misdeeds is apparent. 很明显，社交媒体和互联网帮助传播了错误行为。

这个句子也是主系表结构，由That social media and the Internet have helped the dissemination of misdeeds这个名词性从句（That-S-V-O）充当主语。

例句3 It is apparent that social media and the Internet have helped the dissemination of misdeeds. 很明显，社交媒体和互联网帮助传播了错误行为。

这个句子还是主系表结构，仍然由that social media and the Internet have helped the dissemination of misdeeds这个名词性从句（That-S-V-O）充当主语，只不过由于这个句子过长，放在句子前面会显得头重脚轻，所以英语中通常将例句2写成例句3的形式，这也就是本节的第一条高分句型1.1的来源。

高分句子背诵

1. However, as humans, it is imperative that we never disregard the fundamental truth that all forms of life are created equal. 然而，作为人类，至关重要的是我们绝不能无视“万物生而平等”这一基本真理。

2. It is undeniable that automation has brought convenience and significantly enhanced productivity. 不可否认，自动化带来了便利，极大地提高了生产力。

3. So when faced with a choice, it is inevitable that people will choose immediate convenience over the long-term implications of their actions. 因此，在面临选择时，人们不可避免地会选择眼前的便利，而不是（考虑）其行为的长远影响。

4. When considering an ideal tourist destination, it is likely that your hometown appears to be the least appealing choice. 当考虑一个理想的旅游目的地时，很可能你的家乡似乎是最不吸引人的选择。

5. For example, it is natural that charitable programs could receive more publicity with the help of movie stars, pop singers, famous writers or artists. 例如，在电影明星、流行歌手、著名作家或艺术家的帮助下，慈善项目自然可以得到更多的宣传。

6. In conclusion, although it is understandable that governments may impose bans to discourage imitation, such restrictions can infringe on people’s freedom, fail to achieve the intended effect, and even lead to rebound effects. 总之，尽管政府为阻止模仿行为而颁布禁令是可以理解的，但这种限制会侵犯人们的自由，达不到预期效果，甚至会导致反作用 。

高分词汇背诵

1.2　强调句It is/was+S+that+V+O

例句1 A balanced combination of graduates from all subjects can truly make society thrive. 各学科毕业生的均衡组合能真正促进社会的繁荣发展。

这个句子是主谓宾结构，由词组a balanced combination of graduates from all subjects作主语。

例句2 It is a balanced combination of graduates from all subjects that can truly make society thrive. 是各学科毕业生的均衡组合能真正促进社会的繁荣发展。

这个句子是强调句，被强调的成分是例句1的主语。判断一个句子是否为强调句，只需要把句中的it is/was和that全都删掉以后，观察剩余部分是否仍然是一个完整句。如果仍然是一个完整句，那么原句就是强调句。

例句3 In addition, it is not the lack of space on the road but inefficient driving during rush hours that is causing traffic jams. 此外，造成交通堵塞的原因不是道路空间不足，而是高峰期的低效驾驶。

这个句子是强调句，被强调的成分同样是it is和that中间夹着的成分，即句子的主语。只不过这个主语当中包含一个not... but... 结构，这也是非常常用的强调句句型。

高分句子背诵

1. In fact, it is not the challenges of the work itself, but rather the entrenched social division of labour that excludes women from certain jobs. 事实上，不是工作本身的挑战，而是根深蒂固的社会分工将妇女排除在某些工作之外。

2. Furthermore, it is not merely unemployment but the decline of intellectual faculties that poses a greater threat to human development. 此外，对人类发展构成更大威胁的不仅仅是失业，还有智力的衰退。

3. After all, it is those who are diligent and determined that can eventually guarantee them selves a promising future. 毕竟，只有那些勤奋刻苦、意志坚定的人才能最终保证自己有一个美好的未来。

4. It is your purchasing capacity that determines whether you could lead a frugal life with small brands or an extravagant life with designer brands. 你的购买能力决定了你可以过上使用小品牌的节俭生活，还是使用设计师品牌的奢侈生活。

高分词汇背诵

1.3　主语从句It is/was+V-ed+that+句子

例句1 The power of taxation in the general and state governments is acknowledged to be concurrent. 联邦政府和州政府的征税权被承认是并行的。

这个句子的主语the power of taxation in the general and state governments是一个复杂的名词词组，即被承认的是一个名词。

例句2 That the power of taxation in the general and state governments is concurrent is widely acknowledged. 人们普遍承认，联邦政府和州政府的征税权是并行的。

这个句子的主语That the power of taxation in the general and state governments is concurrent是一个名词性从句（That-S-V-O），即被承认的是一个事件。但通常英文中句子的主语不宜过长，所以会用it作形式主语来替代并占位，然后将真正的主语放在句子最后。

例句3 It is widely acknowledged that the power of taxation in the general and state governments is concurrent. 众所周知，联邦政府和州政府的征税权是并存的。

这个句子的主语that the power of taxation in the general and state governments is concurrent是一个名词性从句（That-S-V-O），即被承认的是一个事件。It叫作形式主语，用来代替句子的主语，放在主语的位置上，保证句子结构没有头重脚轻。

高分句子背诵

1. It is widely acknowledged that engaging in physical activities can help improve one’s physical fitness. 人们普遍认为，参加体育活动有助于增强体质。

2. It is widely acknowledged that assembly lines generate hazardous byproducts and waste,leading to irreversible harm to the environment. 众所周知，装配线会产生有害的副产品和废物，对环境造成不可逆转的危害。

3. It is often observed that overall prosperity can lead to health problems, especially among toddlers and teenagers. 人们经常发现，全面繁荣会导致健康问题，尤其是在幼儿和青少年中。

4. It’s universally acknowledged that developing countries need help from the world. 众所周知，发展中国家需要世界的帮助。

5. This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: criminals should be given a year of community service after they were released from the prison. 今年，有人建议改变制度：罪犯出狱后应参加一年的社区服务。

高分词汇背诵

1.4　主语从句It is/was+adv./prep.+n.+that+句子

例句1 A healthy body is of great importance to academic performance. 健康的身体对学习成绩至关重要。

这个句子是主系表结构，a healthy body是名词短语作主语，系动词is作谓语，介词短语of great importance作表语（广义的宾语）。

例句2 It is of great importance that we improve the quality of the products. 提高产品质量至关重要。

这个句子也是主系表结构，主语从句that we improve the quality of the products作真正的主语，由形式主语it替代，系动词is作谓语，介词短语of great importance作表语（广义的宾语）。

例句3 The mass media has developed by chance. 大众传媒的发展是偶然的。

这个句子是主谓结构，主语是the mass media，谓语是has developed。与例句1、2中的介词短语不同，本句中的介词短语by chance作句子的状语，不作句子的宾语。

例句4 It is not by chance that the mass media has developed. 大众传媒的发展并非偶然。

这个句子也是主谓结构，the mass media作主语，has developed作谓语。与例句1、2中介词短语不同，本句中的介词短语not by chance作句子的状语，不作句子的宾语。如果我们把not by chance左右两边的It is和that删掉，句子仍然成立。所以本句是强调句。

高分句子背诵

1. It is of little consequence that he refuses to give us another loan. 他拒绝再给我们贷款并没有什么影响。 ［主语从句］

2. It is without saying that community services could help juvenile criminals to some extent. 毋庸置疑，社区服务可以在一定程度上帮助少年犯。 ［主语从句］

3. It is not by chance that the mass media has developed into a place where fake news and propaganda abound. 大众媒体发展成一个假新闻和宣传泛滥的地方并非偶然。 ［强调句］

4. It is against that background that the employers have issued their requirements of at least a bachelor degree for those further employees. 正是在这样的背景下，雇主们才提出了对新员工至少要有学士学位的要求。 ［强调句］

5. It was with these great concern that a new virtual world based largely on the Internet was born. 正是在这些巨大的担忧下，一个主要基于互联网的新虚拟世界诞生了。 ［强调句］

6. It was on that condition that I agreed to move out of the house. 在这个条件下，我同意搬出房子。 ［强调句］

7. It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with. 这并不一定是说女性不能很好地应对。只是她们要应付的事情太多了。 ［强 调句］

8. It is rarely that this method is used in modern laboratories. 现代实验室很少使用这种方法。 ［强调句］

高分词汇背诵

1.5　宾语从句S+V+that+句子

例句1 I can’t believe my eyes. 我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。

这句话是主谓宾结构，由名词(my) eyes充当believe的宾语。

例句2 I believe that the disadvantage of social media exceeds its claimed benefits. 我认为，社交媒体的弊端大于其宣称的好处。

这句话是主谓宾结构，由名词性从句that the disadvantage of social media exceeds its claimed benefits充当believe的宾语。

高分句子背诵

1. Personally, I believe that the disadvantage of the overuse of social media far exceeds its claimed benefits, and only real-world interaction can give us true peace and confidence. 我个人认为，过度使用社交媒体的坏处远远大于其宣称的好处，只有真实世界的互动才能给我们带来真正的平和与自信。

2. Personally, I believe that harnessed reasonably, celebrities’ power could help in tackling pressing issues across the globe. 我个人认为，如果被合理地利用，名人的力量有助于解决全球范围内的紧迫问题。

3. However, when talking about how to achieve that, nearly all would agree that university education should be a minimum request. 然而，在谈到如何实现这一目标时，几乎所有人都会同意大学教育应该是最起码的要求。

4. However, critics argue that these claims have negative effects on consumers. 然而，批评者认为，这些宣传对消费者有负面影响。

5. This not only prevents monopolistic abuse at the national level but also ensures that scientists have robust incentives to pursue research. 这不仅能防止国家层面的垄断滥用，还能确保科学家有从事研究的强大动力。

6. Besides, we should also be cautious that foreign artworks may deliver propaganda or even hidden agendas, which could undermine the foundation of a nation’s ideology. 此外，我们也应警惕外国艺术品可能带有宣传甚至隐蔽的目的，这可能会破坏一个国家的意识形态基础。

7. Instead, companies utilize advertisements to communicate to consumers that their products are superior to alternatives. 相反，公司利用广告向消费者传达其产品优于替代品。

高分单词背诵

1.6　同位语从句：抽象名词+that+句子=名词

例句1 The fact is discouraging. 这个事实令人沮丧。

这句话是主系表结构，系动词is作谓语，形容词discouraging作表语，名词(the) fact作主语。这句话语法上没有错误，但是却不能传递完整的语意。

例句2 That sports cannot provide a sustainable livelihood is discouraging. 体育无法提供可持续的生活来源，这一点令人沮丧。

这句话是主系表结构，系动词is作谓语，形容词discouraging作表语，名词性从句that sports cannot provide a sustainable livelihood作主语。但这个句子由于头重脚轻，通常被写成例句3、4的形式。

例句3 It is discouraging that sports cannot provide a sustainable livelihood. 令人沮丧的是，体育无法提供可持续的生活来源。

这句话也是主系表结构，系动词is作谓语，形容词discouraging作表语，名词性从句that sports cannot provide a sustainable livelihood作主语，由it作形式主语放在句首。

例句4 The fact that sports cannot provide a sustainable livelihood is discouraging. 体育无法提供可持续的生活来源，这一事实令人沮丧。

这句话还是主系表结构，系动词is作谓语，形容词discouraging作表语，名词(the)fact 作主语，名词性从句that sports cannot provide a sustainable livelihood作同位语，这个名词性从句和主语the fact有同等地位。

高分句子背诵

1. Undeniably, the fact that sports cannot provide a sustainable livelihood even for its most ardent supporters is discouraging. 不可否认，即使是为其最狂热的支持者，体育也无法提供可持续的生活来源，这一事实令人沮丧。

2. With the constant influx of such news, it is easy to overlook the fact that development encompasses more than just science. 随着此类新闻的不断涌现，人们很容易忽视发展不仅仅包括科学这一事实。

3. Nevertheless, I disagree with the notion that better education is a more effective solution. 然而，我不同意更好的教育是更有效的解决方案这一观点。

4. Moreover, the conventional belief that coverage of crimes helps alert the public to lurking dangers still holds true in the current Internet era. 此外，传统观念认为对犯罪的报道有助于提醒公众警惕潜在的危险，这一观点在当前的互联网时代依然适用。

5. In conclusion, comprehensive promotion efforts and reduced fees are necessary to address the perception that museums and historical sites appear outdated to local residents. 总之，要解决博物馆和历史遗址在当地居民眼中显得过时的问题，就必须开展全面的宣传工作并降低收费。

6. The only disadvantage of gifting money is the perception that it is impersonal or thoughtless. 馈赠金钱的唯一缺点是给人不近人情或不体贴的感觉。

7. Nevertheless, it’s still wise to be sceptical about the assertion that higher education would ensure success equally for everyone. 尽管如此，对高等教育将确保每个人都能平等地获得成功的断言持怀疑态度仍然是明智的。

高分单词背诵