我们按表意逻辑不同,把高频常用动词分为以下六大类(见表1–2–1)。
表1-2-1 高频常用动词六大类
promote vt. 促进;提升;发扬;推销
promote friendship/promote economic growth
促进友谊/经济增长
promote awareness
提升意识
encourage vt. 助长,鼓励,促使,刺激
encourage bad habits/violent behaviour
助长坏习惯/暴力行为
encourage multitasking
鼓励多任务工作
facilitate vt. 促进,促使,使便利
facilitate the sharing of resources/learning/economic growth
促进资源共享/学习/经济增长
foster vt. 培养;创造;促进;养育,抚育
foster a sense of community/better relations/progressive image
培养社区意识/良好的关系/进步的形象
foster demand/a happy atmosphere
创造需求/快乐氛围
foster cash crisis
助长了现金危机
foster economic growth
促进了经济增长
stimulate vt. 促进;激励;刺激
stimulate production/economic growth
促进产量增长/经济增长
stimulate a passion for learning
激发学习的热情
nurture vt. 培养;鼓励;培植;养育;创造
nurture creativity/love for.../interest/an ambition/a good relationship
培养创造力/对……的热爱/兴趣/志向/良好的关系
cultivate vt. 培养,耕作,种植
cultivate image/reputation/taste for.../relations
培养形象/声誉/对……的爱好/关系
nourish vt. 鼓励;培养;养育;助长;支持
nourish public opinion/a current of thought
鼓励社会舆论/一阵思潮
nourish friendship/talent
培养友谊/天赋
boost vt. 促进;增强;支援
boost economy
促进经济
boost confidence/morale/immune system/one’s ego
增强(提高)信心/士气/免疫系统/某人的信心
inspire vt. 激发;鼓舞
inspire respect/confidence/hope
激发尊重/信心/希望
raise vt. 引起,导致,使出现
raise doubts/public awareness of sth./angry protests
引起怀疑/对……的集体意识/愤怒的抗议
trigger vt. 引起,发动,触发
trigger controversy/an alarm/public outcry
引起争议/警报/公众的抗议
incur vt. 引起,带来(成本/花费)
incur expense/debt/terrible damage/tensions
引起费用/债务/严重的损失/紧张的局面
pose vt. 造成,引起,产生(问题)
pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk/problems/hazard
造成威胁/挑战/危险/风险/问题/危害
capture vt. 引起(兴趣)
capture attention/imagination/interest
引起注意/想象/兴趣
engender vt. 引起(感觉/情况),产生
engender controversy/debate/corruption/rebound effects
引起争议/争论/腐败/反作用
induce vt. 引起;导致;诱使
induce a change of policy/illness/economic crisis
引起政策改变/疾病/经济危机
augment vt. 增加;增大
augment one’s income/one’s fortune/water supply/impact of sth.
增加收入/某人的财富/水的供给/某事的影响
expand vt. 拓宽;扩大,增大
expand the area of expertise
拓宽专业领域
expand one’s influence/the market/the business/one’s horizons
扩大某人的影响力/市场/业务/某人的眼界
enhance vt. 提升;提高;增加;加强
enhance the quality
提升质量
enhance one’s enjoyment/the profitability/one’s reputation/the flavour
提高某人的乐趣/盈利能力/某人的声誉/风味或口味
enhance one’s earnings potential
增加某人的获利前景
heighten vt. 增强;加强 vi. 变强
heighten concern/interest/the crisis/the demand/awareness/fear
增强担忧/兴趣/危机/需求/意识/恐惧
heighten tension
加剧紧张气氛
reinforce vt. 强化;加强;增强
reinforce one’s idea/one’s decision/negative stereotypes/one’s reputation
强化某人的观念/某人的决定/负面的刻板印象/某人的声誉
reinforce fears and suspicions
加深恐惧和怀疑
reinforce economic decline
加剧经济衰退
intensify v. (使)增强;(使)加强
intensify one’s efforts/the misery of sb./cold
加强(加重)努力/某人的痛苦/寒冷
violence intensifies
暴力加剧
intensify the pressure/the dispute
加大压力/争吵
broaden vi. 扩大;扩宽,加宽
broaden one’s appeal/understanding
扩大某人的吸引力/认识
broaden horizons/mind
开拓眼界/思想
widen vt. 扩大;扩展;变宽
widen one’s lead/the gap
扩大某人的领先优势/差距
widen experience
扩展经验
deepen vt. 加深;强化
deepen one’s understanding/one’s emotions/the crisis/uneasiness/one’s love for.../one’s relationships/the economic recession
加深某人的理解/某人的情感/危机/不安/某人对……的喜爱/某人的关系/经济衰退
alleviate vt. 减轻;使…… 缓和
alleviate boredom/pain/mass poverty/stress/the pressure/side-effects/suffering/unemployment
缓解(减轻)郁闷/痛苦/贫困/精神压力/压力/副作用/痛苦/失业问题
lessen vt. 使……减轻
lessen the impact/the effect/the risk/the chances of.../the pain/one’s anxiety
减轻影响/效果/风险/……的概率/痛苦/某人的焦虑
lessen the gap
缩小差距
mitigate v. 减轻,缓和
mitigate the effect of.../the problem/one’s suffering
减轻(缓和)……的影响/问题/某人的痛苦
diminish vt. 减少;使变小;缩减 vi. 变少
diminish the horror/the power/the threat/the strength/one’s interest/one’s friendship
减少(降低/减弱)恐怖程度/力量/威胁/力量或强度/某人的兴趣/某人的友谊
perfect vt. 使完善;使熟练
perfect one’s skill/one’s technique
完善某人的技巧/某人的技术
optimize vt. 提升;使最优化,使完善
optimize one’s fitness/the efficiency/service/performance
提升某人的身体素质/效率/服务/表现
optimize productive resources/opportunities
优化生产资源/机会
rejuvenate vt. 使变得年轻,使恢复活力
rejuvenate the community/the sagging economy
使社区/低迷的经济恢复活力
rejuvenate one’s career
重振事业
exacerbate vt. 使恶化;使加重
exacerbate the situation/problem/crisis/condition/tensions
使情况/问题/危机/情况/紧张(局势)恶化
cripple vt. 严重削弱
cripple small business/economy/immune system
严重削弱小型企业/经济/免疫系统
undermine vt. 暗中破坏;逐渐削弱;降低
undermine the morale/one’s authority/the chances of.../one’s confidence
降低士气/某人的威信/……的概率/某人的信心
pervert vt. 歪曲;使堕落,把……引入邪路
pervert the truth/one’s mind/justice
歪曲事实/某人的思想/正义
uphold v. 支持;拥护;维持;举起
uphold the law/certain basic principles/one’s right/one’s decision
拥护法律/某些基本原则/某人的权利/某人的决定或判决
sustain vt. 维持,支撑,承受;长期保持
sustain a normal conversation/economic growth/one’s interest
维持正常的会谈/经济增长/某人的兴趣
sustain the heavy burdens of office/heavy losses
承受办公室工作的沉重负担/巨大的损失
weather vt. 经受住
weather the recession/the storm/the criticism/some difficult times
经受住衰退/风暴/批评/困难的时光
accommodate vt. 容纳;使适应,顺应;迎合
accommodate the clients/the special needs/the new market conditions
迎合客户/特殊需求/新的市场环境
combat vt. 打击;反对 vi. 战斗;搏斗
combat crime/terrorism
打击犯罪/恐怖主义
combat infection/poverty/inflation/unemployment/disease
与感染/贫穷/通货膨胀/失业/疾病做斗争
combat the effects of stress
克服压力的影响
restrict vt. 控制;限定;约束;限制
restrict access to sth./smoking/free speech/the damage
控制对某物的摄入/吸烟/言论自由/损失
curb vt. 控制;勒住 n. 抑制
curb public expenditure/inflation/drug abuse and crime/one’s temper/one’s enthusiasm/one’s tongue/price and wage increases
控制公共支出/通货膨胀/药物滥用和犯罪/某人的脾气/某人的热情/某人的嘴巴/价格和工资的上涨
hamper vt. 妨碍;束缚
hamper one’s movement/the project/the construction/rescue operations
妨碍某人的行动/项目进展/工程建设/救援行动
jeopardize vt. 危害;危及,损害
jeopardize one’s job/one’s relationship with.../safety/one’s career/one’s health
危害某人的工作/某人与……的关系/安全/某人的事业/某人的健康
eliminate vt. 消除,排除
eliminate discrimination/poverty/the possibility/inflation
消除歧视/贫穷/可能性/通货膨胀
eliminate jobs
裁员