问: 英语中的代词主要有哪几种?历年中考考过哪些考点?
答: 英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用可分为九种,分别为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词和不定代词。其中疑问代词和连接代词将在并列句和各大从句章节中进行详细讲解,本讲将就中考常考代词用法进行讲解。请看超级记忆导图:
问: 常考的不定代词有哪些?
答: 常考的不定代词非常多,用法也比较复杂,主要有all、both、every、each、either、neither、more、little、few、much、many、another、other、some、any、one、none、no、no one以及由-thing、-one、-body组成的复合不定代词等。为了便于比较和区分,我们将其分为几组考点进行讲解。
问: another和others等词直接作主语或宾语时有哪些区别?
答: 详见下表所示。
1. I don't like this one. Show me another .(作宾语)
我不喜欢这个,给我看看另一个。
(another=another one,泛指其他某物中的某一个)
2. I don't care what others may think of me. (作主语)
我不在乎别人是怎么看我的。
(others=other people,泛指其他人中的一些人)
3. I have two cars. One is white; the other is red.
我有两辆车,一辆是白色的,另一辆是红色的。
4. Some students come from China, the others from America.
一些学生来自中国,其余所有学生都来自美国。
(the others=the other students,特指其余所有学生)
温馨对比: Some students come from China, others from America. 一些学生来自中国,另一些学生来自美国。(不是其余所有,还有来自其他国家的学生。)
—In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, but in ______, knives and forks.
—You see. People around the world have different eating habits. [咸宁卷]
A. others B. other C. another D. all
温馨讲解: 由选项可知本题考查some... others的用法。由In some countries可知空格处代指“另一些国家”,故用others。所以答案为A。
句意:——在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,但是在另一些国家,人们用的是刀和叉。
——你知道的,世界各地的人们有不同的饮食习惯。
We have two foreign teachers here. One is from England, and ______ is from America. [宿迁卷]
A. another B. the other C. other D. the others
温馨讲解: 本题考查代词的用法。根据句意可知“我们有两位外教,一位来自英国,另一位来自美国。”指“(两者中的)一个……,另一个……”要用one... the other...。所以答案为B。
There are fifty students in Class One. Twenty of them are boys; ______ are girls. [呼和浩特卷]
A. the other B. the others C. others D. another
温馨讲解: 本题考查代词的用法。根据句意可知“一班共有50名学生,20名是男生,剩下的是女生。”因此应该用代词the others,指剩下的全部,所以答案为B。
问: another、other、the other作定语时有哪些区别?
答: 详见下表所示。
—Oh, the traffic is so heavy.
—Let's change ______ route to the airport. [南充卷]
A. other B. others C. the other D. another
温馨讲解: 通过选项可知本题考查代词的用法。other通常修饰复数名词;others后不能加名词;the other为两者当中的另一个;another表示“再一(个),又一(个);别的,其他的;另一个”,根据句意“——交通这么拥堵。——让我们换另外一条去机场的路线(去机场的路线不止两条)”,所以答案为D。
问: every和each在用法上有哪些区别?
答: 详见下表所示。
1. 我们学校的学生都很用功。
Every student in our school works hard.(强调整个学校的学生)
2. 每个学生都可以拥有一本书。
Each student can have one book.(强调每一个学生)
—There're four bedrooms in the house, _______ with its own shower.
—That's what I want. I've got a few kids. [武汉卷]
A. either B. neither C. each D. none
温馨讲解: 由选项可知本题考查代词的用法。either表示“两者中的任何一个”, neither表示“两者都不”,所以A、B不符合四个卧室的语境。each表示“两者或两者以上中的每一个”,所以答案为C。
句意:——这所房子有四间卧室,每间都有单独的淋浴设施。——那正是我想要的。我有好几个孩子。
问: both、either、neither和all、any、none在用法上有哪些区别?
答: 从整体上来说,both、either、neither都用于两者之间,而all、any、none用于三者或三者以上。详细区别见下表所示:
1. All of the students like this book.
所有学生都喜欢这本书。
2. None of the students like this book.
所有学生都不喜欢这本书。(完全否定)
温馨对比: Not all of the students like this book. 不是所有学生都喜欢这本书。(部分否定)
—How heavily it rained this early morning.
—Yes. But ______ of the students in our class was late for school. [娄底卷]
A. some B. none C. all
温馨讲解: 本题考查代词的用法。some意为“一些”,none意为“没有一个”,all 意为“全部”,三个选项中只有none of the students后面能用谓语单数,所以答案为B。
句意:——今天清早雨下得真大啊。 ——是啊。但是我们班没有一个学生迟到。
—Did you see Peter and Mike?
—No, I saw ______ of them. [枣庄卷]
A. neither B. either C. both D. none
温馨讲解: 本题考查代词的用法。neither表示“两者中的任何一个都不”,either表示“两者中的任何一个”,both表示“两者都”,none表示“三者或三者以上都不”。根据句意“你看见彼得和迈克了吗?”可知有两个人,因此排除D。而由第二句的No可推出语意应该表示否定“不,我没见过他俩中的任何一个”,因此排除B和C,所以答案为A。
句意:——你看见彼得和迈克了吗?——没有,我没见过他俩中的任何一个。
Henry is happy because ______ of his three sons came back on Father's Day. [长春卷]
A. both B. all C. either D. neither
温馨讲解: 本题考查代词的用法。根据句意可知,这里的代词指代“他的三个儿子”,指代三者或三者以上的人或物应使用代词all,所以答案为B。
句意:亨利很开心,因为在父亲节那天他的三个儿子都回来了。
—Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
—I don't care. ______ is fine. [宿迁卷]
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All
温馨讲解: 本题考查代词的用法。either意为“两者中的任何一个”;neither意为“两者都不”;both意为“两者都”;all意为“全部”。根据tea or coffee可知是在两者中选择,因此排除D。空格后谓语动词是is,故排除C。根据空格后的fine可知是肯定回答,所以答案为A,表示“两者中哪一种都可以”。
句意:——你更喜欢哪种,茶还是咖啡?——我不在乎。这两者哪种都好。
问: no one和none在用法上有哪些区别?
答: 主要有两大区别。具体如下:
—Who was hurt in the traffic accident?
—_______. [齐齐哈尔卷]
A. None B. No one C. Nothing
温馨讲解: 本题考查不定代词的用法。none常与of连用,既可指人也可指物,反义词是all,不能单独用来回答who的提问。no one意为“没有人”,只指人,不能与of连用,可用来回答who以及含anyone、anybody引起的疑问句。nothing指“什么都没有”,指代物。根据句意:“交通事故中谁受伤了?”结合选项可以推断答语的意思是“没有人受伤”,所以答案为B。
句意:——这次交通事故中谁受伤了?——没有人受伤。
Peter tried on three jackets, but _______ of them fitted him. [徐州卷]
A. all B. both C. none D. neither
温馨讲解: 本题考查不定代词的用法。all意为“都;全部”,强调三者或者三者以上的人或物;both意为“两者都……”;none常与of连用,既可指人也可指物,意为“三者或三者以上都不”;neither意为“两者都不”。根据句意可知,答案为C。
句意:彼得试穿了三件夹克衫,但是都不合身。
问: some和any在用法上有哪些区别?
答: 详见下表所示。
1. Some of the books are worth reading.
这些书当中有一些值得一读。
2. Would you like some coffee?
要不要来杯咖啡?(表示建议)
3. If there is any trouble, let me know.(any表示“任何”)
如果有任何困难,请告诉我。
问: many和much在用法上有哪些区别?
答: 二者的主要区别是many+ 可数名词 ,而much+ 不可数名词 。
1. How many people are there at the meeting? 有多少人出席了这次会议?
2. How much time have we left? 我们还剩下多少时间?
问: few、a few和little、a little在用法上有哪些区别?
答: 从整体上看,few、a few修饰 可数名词 ,而little、a little修饰 不可数名词 。区别详见下表:
1. He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
温馨对比: He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
2. We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
温馨对比: There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。
We'd better wait ______ more minutes. I think Jeff will come soon. [河北卷]
A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
温馨讲解: 本题考查little与few的辨析。因为minutes是可数名词复数,所以排除C和D。根据Jeff will come soon可以判断用肯定形式,所以答案为A。
句意:我们最好再等几分钟。我想杰夫很快就来了。
—There used to be lots of fish in the lake.
—Yes, but there are very ______ now. [无锡卷]
A. few B. fewer C. little D. less
温馨讲解: 本题考查little与few的辨析。根据转折词but可知“现在几乎没有鱼了”,同时very修饰形容词或副词原级,所以答案为A。注意这里few修饰可数名词复数(fish)。
句意:——过去湖里有很多鱼。——是的,但是现在几乎没有鱼了。
1. —Our classroom is so clean. Who's cleaned it, Li Fei?
—Sorry, I don't know. I think ______ did it before class. [黄冈卷]
A. somebody B. nobody C. everyone D. anyone
2. —Is this iPad yours?
—Yes. My parents bought ______ for my language learning. [安徽卷]
A. one B. it C. other D. another
3. —I am planning a trip to Lianyungang this summer. How is the weather there?
—Not so hot. Sometimes ______ is a bit cool and wet. [连云港卷]
A. this B. that C. it D. one
4. Li Hua's parents hold different opinions on whether they should have ______ child. [日照卷]
A. another B. other C. others D. the other
5. Linda and Kitty will go to Greenery Theme Park by ______ next Sunday. [南京卷]
A. they B. them C. their D. themselves
6. Dad doesn't always come to you. You have to fight and save ______! [苏州卷]
A. yourself B. himself C. myself D. herself
7. He got up to get some hot water but found there was ______ left in the bottle. [泰州卷]
A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
8 —Doctor, what's wrong with me?
—______ serious. You have just got a cold. [宿迁卷]
A. Something B. Nothing C. Everything D. Anything
9. —Which of the two T-shirts would you like to choose?
—Both. Then I can give one to my brother and leave ______ to myself. [哈尔滨卷]
A. another B. the other C. other
10. Bryan will not want to have ______ to do with horses in the future. [扬州卷]
A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
11. —I'm worried about the talent show tomorrow.
—Be confident (自信的)! If you don't believe in yourself, ______ will. [东营卷]
A. nobody B. anybody C. everybody D. somebody
12. ______ knowledge and experience are important to finish that task. [上海卷]
A. Either B. Neither C. None D. Both
13. Tom! You're no longer a 3-year-old kid. I can cook dinner for you, but don't expect me to do ______ for you. Go and tidy your room! [无锡卷]
A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
14. —What would you like to drink, tea or coffee?
—______ is OK, but I prefer coffee ______ milk. [鄂州卷]
A. Either; to B. Either; with C. Neither; to D. Neither; with
15. —The frozen yogurt tastes like ice cream but has ______ of the fat.
—It suits me fine. I'm on a diet. [武汉卷]
A. none B. neither C. any D. some
1. There isn't ________ (some) milk in the fridge now. Why not buy some online? [兰州卷]
2. In the face of danger, all the firefighters were brave and ________ (没有一个) of them gave up. [青岛卷]
3. ________ (每一个) of the students in our group is thirsty for success in the speech competition. [青岛卷]
4. —What's in the bag?
—N________. It's empty. [内江卷]
5. I have finished reading this magazine. Please give me a________ one. [眉山卷]
6. The two books are b________ about history. You can choose either of them to read. [凉山卷]
7. —Could you please come to my office? I have s________ important to tell you.
—Of course. I will come soon. [眉山卷]