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Word List 04

音 频

影视剧场景

arduous [ˈɑːrdʒuəs]

adj. 费力的,艰难的 (marked by great labor or effort)

arduous march 艰难行军

arduousness ( n. 艰苦;艰辛)

benevolent [bəˈnevələnt]

adj. 善心的,仁心的 (kindly, charitable)

词根记忆:bene(好)+vol(意志)+ent→好意的→善心的,仁心的

altruistic, humane, philanthropic

hierarchy [ˈhaɪərɑːrki]

n. 阶层;等级制度 (a system of ranks)

词根记忆:hier(神圣的)+archy(统治)→神圣的统治→等级制度

precedent [ˈpresɪdənt]

adj. 在先的,在前的 (prior in time or significance) n. 先例 (an earlier occurrence of sth. similar) ;判例 (a judicial decision that may be used as a standard in subsequent similar cases)

In failing to see that the justice’s pronouncement merely qualified previous decisions rather than actually establishing a precedent , the novice law clerk overemphasized the scope of the justice’s judgment.

diffident [ˈdɪfɪdənt]

adj. 缺乏自信的 (not showing much belief in one’s own abilities)

bashful, coy, demure, modest, self-effacing

tenacious [təˈneɪʃəs]

adj. 坚韧的,顽强的 (persistent in maintaining or adhering to sth. valued or habitual)

词根记忆:ten(拿住)+acious(有…性质的)→拿住不放→坚韧的

facetious [fəˈsiːʃəs]

adj. 滑稽的,好开玩笑的 (joking or jesting often inappropriately)

联想记忆:face(脸)+tious→做鬼脸→好开玩笑的

surreptitious [ˌsɜːrəpˈtɪʃəs]

adj. 鬼鬼祟祟的 (acting or doing sth. clandestinely)

词根记忆:sur(在…下)+rept(爬)+itious→在下面爬→鬼鬼祟祟的

The Turner Network’s new production is an absorbing Heart of Darkness, watchful, surreptitious , almost predatory as it waits to pounce on our emotions.

surreptitiousness ( n. 偷偷摸摸,鬼鬼祟祟)

perishable [ˈperɪʃəbl]

adj. 易腐烂的,易变质的 (likely to decay or go bad quickly) n. 易腐烂的东西 (stuff subject to decay)

来自perish ( v. 毁灭;腐烂)

Given the perishable nature of wood, the oldest totem poles of the Northwest Coast Indians eventually fell to decay; only a few still stand today.

contagious [kənˈteɪdʒəs]

adj. 传染的,有感染力的 (easily passed from person to person; communicable)

词根记忆:con(共同)+tag(接触)+ious→接触(疾病的)→传染的

prodigious [prəˈdɪdʒəs]

adj. 巨大的 (extraordinary in bulk, quantity, or degree) ;惊人的,奇异的

来自prodigy ( n. 惊人的事物;奇观)

Although Barbara Tuchman never earned a graduate degree, she nonetheless pursued a scholarly career as a historian noted for her vivid style and prodigious erudition.

colossal, gigantic, immense, marvelous, stupendous

abstruse [əbˈstruːs]

adj. 难懂的,深奥的 (hard to understand; recondite)

词根记忆:abs(离开)+trus(推,冲)+e→推到一边→难懂的

inform [ɪnˈfɔːrm]

v. 对…有影响 (to have an influence on sth.) ;使活跃,使有生气 (to animate) ;告 诉,通知 (to impart information or knowledge)

词根记忆:in(使)+form(形式)→使(知道)形式→通知

Just as the authors’ book on eels is often a key text for courses in marine vertebrate zoology, their ideas on animal development and phylogeny inform teaching in this area.

acquaint, apprise

portend [pɔːrˈtend]

v. 预兆,预示 (to give an omen)

联想记忆:port(港口)+end(尽头)→港口到了尽头,预示着临近海洋→预示

scant [skænt]

adj. 不足的,缺乏的 (barely or scarcely)

scant attention/consideration 缺乏注意/考虑

disarray [ˌdɪsəˈreɪ]

n. 混乱,无秩序 (an untidy condition; disorder; confusion)

联想记忆:dis(离开)+array(排列)→没有进行排列→无秩序

Because of their frequent disarray , confusion, and loss of memory, those hit by lightning while alone are sometimes mistaken for victims of assault.

synonymous [sɪˈnɑːnɪməs]

adj. 同义的 (having the same connotations, implications, or reference)

来自synonym ( n. 同义词)

replete [rɪˈpliːt]

adj. 充满的,供应充足的 (fully or abundantly provided or filled)

词根记忆:re(重新)+plet(满)+e→充满的

precursor [priːˈkɜːrsər]

n. 先驱,先兆 (one that precedes and indicates the approach of another)

词根记忆:pre(在前面)+curs(跑)+or→跑在前面的人→先驱

forerunner, harbinger, herald, outrider

impending [ɪmˈpendɪŋ]

adj. 即将发生的,逼近的 (imminent)

词根记忆:im(使)+pend(挂)+ing→挂到眼前→即将发生的,逼近的

William James lacked the usual awe of death; writing to his dying father, he spoke without inhibition about the old man’s impending death.

motley [ˈmɑːtli]

adj. 混杂的 (heterogeneous) ;多色的,杂色的 (of many colors)

词根记忆:mot(看作mote,微粒)+ley→各种微粒混合→混杂的

antecedent [ˌæntɪˈsiːdnt]

n. 前事 (a preceding event, condition or cause) ;祖先 (a person’s ancestors or family and social background) adj. 先行的 (preceding in time and order)

grimy [ˈɡraɪmi]

adj. 沾满污垢的,满是灰尘的 (full of or covered with grime)

来自grime ( n. 尘垢)

missionary [ˈmɪʃəneri]

n. 传教士 (a person undertaking a religious mission)

来自mission ( n. 使命)

dedicated [ˈdedɪkeɪtɪd]

adj. 献身的,专心致志的 (committed)

词根记忆:de(表加强)+dic(宣称)+ated→宣誓只做一件事→专心致志的

a dedicated reader of the book 本书的忠实读者

testimonial [ˌtestɪˈməʊniəl]

n. 推荐信,证明信 (a statement testifying to benefits received)

词根记忆:testi(证明)+mon(y)(行为结果)+ial→证明信

disown [dɪsˈəʊn]

v. 与…断绝关系 (no longer want to be connected with or responsible for sb./sth.)

词根记忆:dis(分离)+own(拥有)→分离其拥有的一切→与…断绝关系

naturalism [ˈnætʃrəlɪzəm]

n. 自然主义 (the system of thought holding that all phenomena can be explained in terms of natural causes and laws)

来自natural ( adj. 自然的)

Naturalism sees each individual as inextricably bound to the environment and depicts each person as someone controlled by, instead of controlling concrete reality.

metabolism [məˈtæbəlɪzəm]

n. 新陈代谢 (the chemical processes in living things that change food, etc. into energy and materials for growth)

词根记忆:meta(改变)+bol(扔,抛)+ism→抛旧换新→新陈代谢

metabolic ( adj. 新陈代谢的)

devolve [dɪˈvɑːlv]

v. (权力、责任)下放 (to pass on from one person or entity to another) ;衰落 (to degenerate or deteriorate gradually)

词根记忆:de(向下)+volv(转)+e→责任、权利向下转→下放

devolve real power 下放实权

Martian [ˈmɑːrʃn]

adj. 火星的 (of or relating to the planet Mars)

联想记忆:和Mars ( n. 火星)一起记

Martian surface 火星表面

transparent [trænsˈpærənt]

adj. 透明的 (allowing you to see through it)

词根记忆:trans(越过)+par(看见)+ent(…的)→可以看穿的→透明的

limpid, pellucid, transpicuous

prioritize [praɪˈɔːrətaɪz]

v. 按重要性排列 (to arrange or deal with in order of importance)

来自priority ( n. 优先权)

hortatory [ˈhɔːrtəˌtɔːri]

adj. 劝告的 (tending to exhort)

词根记忆:honor(尊敬)+ific(…的)→尊敬的

lurid [ˈlʊrɪd]

adj. 艳丽的 (bright and intense in color) ;骇人听闻的 (characterized by shocking or outrageous behavior)

sensuous [ˈsenʃuəs]

adj. 愉悦感官的 (giving pleasure to your senses)

词根记忆:sens(感觉)+uous(…的)→有感觉的→愉悦感官的

sensuality ( n. 性感)

benighted [bɪˈnaɪtɪd]

adj. 愚昧无知的 (without understanding)

benightedness ( n. 愚昧无知)

manacle [ˈmænəkl]

v. 给…戴上镣铐;束缚 (to restrain from movement, progress, or action)

词根记忆:man(手)+acle→给…戴上镣铐

Some of the company’s supporters charged that the negative report had been motivated by a broader political assault on the company that was designed to help market rivals who would like to see the company manacled .

practitioner [prækˈtɪʃənər]

n. 从业人员 (a person who works in a profession)

词根记忆:pract(做,从事)+ition+er→从业人员

regimen [ˈredʒɪmən]

n. 生活规则 (a procedure, program, or routine) ;养生法 (a systematic plan designed to improve the health of a patient)

daily regimen 日常生活规律;fire regimen 火疗法

truism [ˈtruːɪzəm]

n. 老生常谈,不言而喻的道理 (a statement that is obviously true or that is often presented as true)

联想记忆:true(真实的,事实的)+ism(主义,思想)→不言而喻的道理

profusion [prəˈfjuːʒn]

n. 大量 (the state of being profuse; abundance)

词根记忆:pro(向前)+fus(流)+ion→不断向前流→大量

abundance, mass, plentitude, scads

jeremiad [ˌdʒerɪˈmaɪæd]

n. 哀诉 (a prolonged lamentation or complaint)

vendor [ˈvendər]

n. 卖主;小贩 (one that sells or vends something)

词根记忆:vend(出售)+or(人)→出售货品的人→卖主

encroachment [ɪnˈkrəʊtʃmənt]

n. 侵占 (the act of slowly covering more and more of an area)

词根记忆:en(进入)+croach(钩子)+ment→拿着钩子进入→侵占

donor [ˈdəʊnər]

n. 捐赠者,捐赠机构 (one that gives, donates, or presents something)

词根记忆:don(给予)+or(人)→给予的人→捐赠者

contributor

materialism [məˈtɪriəlɪzəm]

n. 唯物主义 (the belief that only material things exist)

联想记忆:material(物质)+ism(主义)→唯物主义

historical materialism 历史唯物主义

materialist ( n. 唯物论者);materialistic ( adj. 物质享乐主义的)

irreducible [ˌɪrɪˈduːsəbl]

adj. [数]不可约的 (impossible to reduce to a desired, simpler, or smaller form or amount) ;无法减少的 (impossible to make less or smaller)

词根记忆:ir(不)+reduc(e)(减少)+ ible→无法减少的

shrink [ʃrɪŋk]

v. (使)缩水,收缩,缩小 (to become smaller) ;退缩 (to hold oneself back)

shrink from 回避,避免

discordant [dɪsˈkɔːrdənt]

adj. 不一致的 (not in agreement) ;不和谐的 (not sounding pleasant together)

词根记忆:dis(不)+cord(心)+ant(…的)→不是一条心→不一致的

discordance ( n. 不一致;不调和;冲突)

anonymous [əˈnɑːnɪməs]

adj. 匿名的,不知姓名的 (not named or identified) ;没有特色的 (having no distinctive character or recognition factor)

词根记忆:an(不,无)+onym(名字)+ous(…的)→没有名字的→匿名的

insulate [ˈɪnsəleɪt]

v. 使孤立 (to place in a detached situation)

词根记忆:insul(岛屿)+ate→像岛屿般与世隔绝→使孤立

panache [pəˈnæʃ]

n. 神气十足 (dash or flamboyance in style and action)

来自中古法语pennache“羽毛”,指帽子上装饰用的羽毛

baseless [ˈbeɪsləs]

adj. 无根据的,无缘无故的 (not supported by good reasons or facts)

词根记忆:base(基础)+less(无…的)→无基础的→无根据的

unfounded, untenable

electorate [ɪˈlektərət]

n. 选民 (a body of qualified voters)

词根记忆:elect(选举)+or(人)+ate(人)→选民

spike [spaɪk]

n. 猛增,急升 (an abrupt sharp increase)

implacable [ɪmˈplækəbl]

adj. 无法安抚的 (impossible to placate or appease)

词根记忆:im(不)+plac(安慰)+able(能…的)→无法安抚的

dishearten [dɪsˈhɑːrtn]

v. 使沮丧,使灰心 (discourage)

联想记忆:dis(除去)+hearten(激励)→使沮丧

daunt, demoralize

disheartening ( adj. 令人灰心的)

haphazard [hæpˈhæzərd]

adj. 无秩序的,无计划的 (marked by lack of plan, order, or direction)

词根记忆:hap(机会)+hazard(冒险)→运气和冒险都是偶然的→无计划的

random, helter-skelter

placid [ˈplæsɪd]

adj. 安静的,平和的 (serenely free of interruption)

词根记忆:plac(使平静)+id→平和的,安静的

adversary [ˈædvərseri]

n. 对手,敌手 (one that contends with, opposes, or resists) adj. 对手的,敌对的 (having or involving antagonistic parties or opposing interests)

adversarial ( adj. 对立的;敌对的)

erudite [ˈerjədaɪt]

adj. 博学的,饱学的 (learned, scholarly)

词根记忆:e(出)+rud(天然的)+ite→走出原始(愚昧)状态→博学的

bemuse [bɪˈmjuːz]

v. 使昏头昏脑,使迷惑 (to puzzle, distract, absorb)

bedaze, daze, paralyze, petrify, stun

bemused ( adj. 茫然的,困惑的)

superficial [ˌsuːpərˈfɪʃl]

adj. 表面的,肤浅的 (shallow)

词根记忆:super(在…上面)+fic(做)+ial→在上面做→表面的

He continually describes what superhuman labor it has cost him to compose his poems and intimates that, in comparison with his own work, the poetry of other poets is superficial .

insidious [ɪnˈsɪdiəs]

adj. 暗中危害的,阴险的 (working or spreading harmfully in a subtle or stealthy manner)

词根记忆:in(向内)+sid(坐)+ious→坐在幕后的(坏人)→暗中危害的

enigma [ɪˈnɪɡmə]

n. 谜一样的人或事物 (sth. hard to understand or explain; an inscrutable or mysterious person)

To astronomers, the moon has long been an enigma , its origin escaping simple solution.

camaraderie [ˌkɑːməˈrɑːdəri]

n. 友情 (a spirit of friendly good fellowship)

abundant [əˈbʌndənt]

adj. 大量的 (plentiful)

词根记忆:ab(表加强)+und(溢出)+ant→(多得)溢出了→大量的

teeming

forage [ˈfɔːrɪdʒ]

v. 觅(食) (to search for food)

forager ( n. 搜寻食物的人)

sanction [ˈsæŋkʃn]

v. 认可;批准 (to give consent to) n. 许可,批准 (authorization)

词根记忆:sanct(神圣)+ion→给予神圣的权力→授权

Between the late 1800s and early 1900s, various institutional structures emerged that set researchers in scientific fields apart as a professional class and moderated disputes by sanctioning some kinds of knowledge as real science.

endorse

divination [ˌdɪvɪˈneɪʃn]

n. 占卜,预言 (the act of finding out and saying what will happen in the future)

来自divine ( v. 占卜)

prophylactic [ˌprəʊfəˈlæktɪk]

adj. 预防的 (acting to defend against or prevent something, especially disease)

联想记忆:跟prophet ( n. 预言家)一起记→预言家能给出预防措施

lament [ləˈment]

v. 对…感到悲痛 (to express grief; mourn) ;痛惜 (to regret deeply) n. 悼词 (a song or poem expressing deep grief or mourning)

dirge, elegy, requiem

tumultuous [tuːˈmʌltʃuəs]

adj. 动荡的 (involving many difficulties and a lot of change and often violence)

来自tumult ( n. 骚乱)

tumultuous times 动荡的时代

tempestuous

entail [ɪnˈteɪl]

v. 牵涉,需要 (to involve something that cannot be avoided)

联想记忆:en+tail(尾巴)→被人抓住尾巴→牵涉

totem [ˈtəʊtəm]

n. 图腾;图腾形象 (one that serves as an emblem or revered symbol)

totemic ( adj. 图腾的)

scathing [ˈskeɪðɪŋ]

adj. 严厉批评的 (criticizing someone or something very severely)

来自scathe ( v. 伤害,损伤)

scathingly ( adv. 尖刻地;严厉地)

dart [dɑːrt]

n. 镖;飞镖 (a small, narrow object with a sharp point which can be thrown or shot)

awash [əˈwɔːʃ]

adj. 被淹没的 (covered with water) ;充满的 (having something. in large quantities)

联想记忆:a(在…)+wash(冲洗)→淹没在水里被冲洗干净→被淹没的

doused, drenched

backwater [ˈbækwɔːtər]

n. 落后的地区 (an isolated place)

组合词:back(偏远的)+water(领海,海域)→偏远的海域→落后的地区

spearhead [ˈspɪrhed]

v. 领导,带头做 (to be the leader of ...)

组合词:spear(矛)+head(领头位置)→拿着矛站在领头位置→领导

thermoregulatory [ˌθɜːməʊˈreɡjʊlətəri]

adj. 体温调节的 (tending to maintain a body at a particular temperature whatever its environmental temperature)

联想记忆:thermo(热)+regulatory(调节的)→调节热度的→体温调节的

feckless [ˈfekləs]

adj. 无效的,效率低的 (inefficient) ;不负责任的 (irresponsible)

词根记忆:feck(看作effect,效果)+less(无…的)→没有效果→无效的;注意不要和reckless ( adj. 轻率的)相混

obscure [əbˈskjʊr]

adj. 难以理解的,含糊的 (cryptic, ambiguous) ;不清楚的,模糊的 (not clear or distinct) v. 使变模糊 (to make less conspicuous) ;隐藏 (to conceal)

词根记忆:ob(在…之上)+scur(覆盖)+e→盖上一层东西→使变模糊

The New Yorker short stories often include esoteric allusions to obscure people and events: the implication is, if you are in the in-crowd, you’ll get the reference; if you come from Cleveland, you won’t.

dislimn, haze, obfuscate, overcast

exotic [ɪɡˈzɑːtɪk]

adj. 异国的,外来的 (not native; foreign) ;奇异的,珍奇的 (strikingly unusual)

词根记忆:exo(外面)+tic→外来的

Surprisingly enough, it is more difficult to write about the commonplace than about the exotic and strange.

constrain [kənˈstreɪn]

v. 束缚,强迫 (to make sb. do sth. by strong moral persuasion or force) ;限制 (to inhibit)

词根记忆:con(共同)+strain(拉紧)→拉到一起→束缚,强迫

bridle, check, curb, withhold

intangible [ɪnˈtændʒəbl]

adj. 触摸不到的 (not tangible; impalpable) ;无形的 (incorporeal)

词根记忆:in(不)+tang(触摸)+ible→触摸不到的

imperceptible, indiscernible, untouchable

evince [ɪˈvɪns]

v. 表明,表示 (to show plainly; indicate; make manifest)

词根记忆:e(出)+vinc(征服,克服)+e→克服障碍,表达感情→表明

temperate [ˈtempərət]

adj. (气候等)温和的 (marked by moderation) ;(欲望、饮 食等)适度的,有节制的

intemperate ( adj. 过激的)

rampant [ˈræmpənt]

adj. 猖獗的,蔓生的 (marked by a menacing wildness or absence of restraint)

联想记忆:ram(羊)+pant(喘气)→因为草生长猖獗,所以羊高兴得直喘气→猖獗的,蔓生的

trepidation [ˌtrepɪˈdeɪʃn]

n. 恐惧,惶恐 (timorousness, uncertainty, agitation)

词根记忆:trepid(颤抖的)+ation→因恐惧而颤抖的→恐惧,惶恐

Salazar’s presence in the group was so reassuring to the others that they lost most of their earlier trepidation ; failure, for them, became all but unthinkable.

verse [vɜːrs]

n. 诗歌 (a line of metrical writing; poems)

词根记忆:vers(转)+e→诗歌的音节百转千回→诗歌

tranquil [ˈtræŋkwɪl]

adj. 平静的 (free from agitation of mind or spirit)

Their married life was not tranquil since it was fraught with bitter fighting and arguments.

propensity [prəˈpensəti]

n. 嗜好,习性 (an often intense natural inclination or preference)

词根记忆:pro(提前)+pens(称重量)+ity→总是喜欢预先挂好→嗜好,习性

The poet W. H. Auden believed that the greatest poets of his age were almost necessarily irresponsible, that the possession of great gifts engenders the propensity to abuse them.

bent, leaning, tendency, penchant, proclivity

ubiquitous [juːˈbɪkwɪtəs]

adj. 无处不在的 (existing or being everywhere at the same time)

词根记忆:ubi(哪里)+qu(任一)+itous→无处不在的

ubiquity ( n. 无所不在,随处可见)

visionary [ˈvɪʒəneri]

adj. 有远见的;幻想的 n. 空想家 (one who is given to impractical or speculative ideas)

Although the architect’s concept at first sounded too visionary to be practicable, his careful analysis of every aspect of the project convinced the panel that the proposed building was indeed, structurally feasible.

dreamy, idealistic, utopian

conceive [kənˈsiːv]

v. 想象,构想 (to imagine) ;怀孕 (to become pregnant)

词根记忆:con(共同)+ceiv(抓)+e→一起抓(思想)→构想

elicit [ɪˈlɪsɪt]

v. 得出,引出 (to draw forth or bring out)

词根记忆:e(出)+licit(引导)→引出

boost [buːst]

v. 增加,提高 (to make higher) ;促进 (to promote the cause or interests) ;往上推 (to raise by a push)

联想记忆:boo(看作boot,靴子)+st→穿上靴子往高处走→提高

downplay [ˌdaʊnˈpleɪ]

v. 贬低,不予重视 (to belittle)

组合词:down(向下)+play(玩)→玩下去→不予重视

acknowledge [əkˈnɑːlɪdʒ]

v. 承认 (to recognize as genuine or valid) ;致谢 (to express gratitude)

词根记忆:ac(加强)+knowledge(知识,知道)→向大家表明自己知道了→承认

admit, avow, concede, confess

paltry [ˈpɔːltri]

adj. 无价值的,微不足道的 (trashy, trivial, petty)

联想记忆:pal(看作pale,苍白的)+try(努力)→白努力→无价值的

sagacious [səˈɡeɪʃəs]

adj. 聪明的,睿智的 (showing keen perception and foresight)

来自sage ( n. 智者)

sagaciousness ( n. 睿智)

vainglorious [ˌveɪnˈɡlɔːriəs]

adj. 自负的 (marked by vainglory; boastful)

irreversible [ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl]

adj. 不能撤回的,不能取消的 (not reversible)

irrevocable, unalterable

collaborate [kəˈlæbəreɪt]

v. 合作,协作 (to work together with sb.) ;通敌 (to help enemy occupying one’s country)

词根记忆:col(共同)+labor(劳动)+ate→共同劳动→合作

muddle [ˈmʌdl]

n. 迷惑,困惑 (a confused or disordered state) ;混乱 (mess)

联想记忆:mud(泥浆)+dle→混入泥浆→混乱

impolitic [ɪmˈpɑːlətɪk]

adj. 不明智的,失策的 (unwise, injudicious)

词根记忆:im(不)+politic(策略的)→失策的

Although Tom was aware that it would be impolitic to display annoyance publicly at the sales conference, he could not hide his irritation with the client’s unreasonable demands.

imprudent, indiscreet

movement [ˈmuːvmənt]

n. 乐章 (a principal division or section of a sonata or symphony)

imitate [ˈɪmɪteɪt]

v. 模仿 (to mimic, counterfeit)

联想记忆:im+it(它)+ate(eat的过去式,吃)→它照着别人的样子吃→模仿

ape, burlesque

imitation ( n. 模仿;仿制品)

perfunctory [pərˈfʌŋktəri]

adj. 例行公事般的,敷衍的 (characterized by routine or superficiality)

Her first concert appearance was disappointingly perfunctory and derivative, rather than the inspired performance in the innovative style we had anticipated.

perfunctoriness ( n. 敷衍)

ephemeral [ɪˈfemərəl]

adj. 朝生暮死的 (lasting only for a day) ;生命短暂的 (transitory, transient)

词根记忆:ep(看作epi,短暂)+hemer(天)+al→生命短暂的

evanescent, fleeting, fugacious, momentary

vehement [ˈviːəmənt]

adj. 猛烈的,热烈的 (marked by forceful energy)

exquisite, fierce, furious, intense, violent

dearth [dɜːrθ]

n. 缺乏,短缺 (scarcity)

词根记忆:dear(珍贵的)+th→物以稀为贵→缺乏,短缺

individualism [ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəlɪzəm]

n. 个人主义 (a doctrine that the interests of the individual are or ought to be ethically paramount)

juvenile [ˈdʒuːvənl]

adj. 青少年的 (of or like young people) ;孩子气的,幼稚的 (marked by immaturity; childish)

词根记忆:juven(年轻的)+ile→青少年的

maverick [ˈmævərɪk]

n. 特立独行的人 (a person who shows independence of thought and action)

nonconformist

expiation [ˌekspiˈeɪʃn]

n. 补偿;赎罪 (the act of expiating; atonement)

tinker [ˈtɪŋkər]

v. (尤指不起作用地)小修理 (to make unskilled or experimental efforts at repair)

tinker with something 胡乱修补

supposition [ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃn]

n. 推测,假设 (an assumption)

联想记忆:suppos(e)(猜想)+ition→猜想

intelligentsia [ɪnˌtelɪˈdʒentsiə]

n. 知识分子 (the people who are well educated)

来自intelligent ( adj. 聪明的,有才智的)

remuneration [rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃn]

n. 薪水 (an amount of money that is paid to sb. for the work they have done)

来自remunerate ( v. 付酬,支付报酬)

payment, compensation, remittance, repayment, disbursement, reimbursement

paraphernalia [ˌpærəfərˈneɪliə]

n. 全套装备 (the articles used in a particular activity; equipment)

词根记忆:para(旁边)+phern(带来)+alia→随身物品→全套装备

quizzical [ˈkwɪzɪkl]

adj. 可笑的 (teasing, mocking)

insufferable [ɪnˈsʌfrəbl]

adj. 难以忍受的 (not to be endured)

词根记忆:in(不,非)+suffer(忍受)→难以忍受的

distill [dɪˈstɪl]

v. 浓缩,提炼 (to separate or extract the essential elements of) ;用蒸馏法提取 (to increase the concentration of, or purify by distillation)

词根记忆:dis(分离)+(s)till(小水滴)→分离成小水滴→蒸馏

distillation ( n. 蒸馏)

incursion [ɪnˈkɜːrʒn]

n. 突然入侵 (a hostile entrance into a territory)

词根记忆:in(入)+curs(跑)+ion→跑入→入侵

detract [dɪˈtrækt]

v. 减损,贬低 (to make something seem less good or enjoyable)

词根记忆:de(向下)+tract(拉)→向下拉→贬低

deprecate

antiquarian [ˌæntɪˈkweriən]

adj. 古文物的 (connected with the study, collection or sale of valuable old objects)

词根记忆:antiqu(古老)+arian(…的)→古老的→古文物的

chronicle [ˈkrɑːnɪkl]

n. 编年史 (a written record of events in the order in which they happened) v. 按事 件发生顺序记载 (to record events in the order in which they happened)

词根记忆:chron(时间)+icle→按事件发生顺序记载

The novels chronicle the experiences of women who, beset with hardships, find within themselves qualities of intelligence, will, resourcefulness, and courage sufficient to overcome their obstacles.

mammalian [məˈmeɪliən]

adj. 哺乳类的 (connected with mammals)

来自mammal ( n. 哺乳动物)

unexampled [ˌənigˈzampəld]

adj. 前所未有的 (having no example or parallel)

词根记忆:un(不)+exampl(e)(例子)+ed(…的)→没有先例的→绝无仅有的

novel

molder [ˈməʊldər]

v. 腐烂 (to crumble to dust; disintegrate)

来自mold ( n. 发霉)

phenomenon [fəˈnɑːmɪnən]

n. 现象 (an observable fact or event)

词根记忆:phen(显示)+omen(预兆)+on→显示预兆→现象

unnerve [ˌʌnˈnɜːrv]

v. 使紧张 (to cause to become nervous) ;使失去勇气 (to cause to lose courage or firmness of purpose)

词根记忆:un(没有)+nerv(神经,勇气)+e→没有勇气,变得紧张→使紧张

cetacean [sɪˈteɪʃn]

n. 鲸类动物 (a whale, dolphin, or other sea creature that belongs to the same group)

词根记忆:来自拉丁词cetus,大型海洋生物,特指鲸

Some researchers claim that cetaceans — whales and dolphins — have culture, which the researchers define as the ability to learn from one another.

cetaceous ( adj. 鲸类的)

melodramatic [ˌmelədrəˈmætɪk]

adj. 夸张的 (exaggeratedly emotional or sentimental; histrionic)

来自melodrama ( n. 情节剧),引申词义“夸张的”

respire [rɪˈspaɪər]

v. 呼吸 (to breathe in and out; inhale and exhale)

词根记忆:re(重复)+spir(呼吸)+e→重复呼吸→呼吸

breathe, inhale

annals [ˈænlz]

n. 编年史 (a record of events arranged in yearly sequence) ;历史记载 (historical records)

词根记忆:ann(年)+al+s→一年年的人和事→编年史

debut [deɪˈbjuː]

n. 首次亮相,初次登台 (the first appearance)

联想记忆:演员首次登台(debut)就很受欢迎,因此还清了债务(debt)

emblem [ˈembləm]

n. 象征 (something that represents a perfect example or a principle)

emblem books 寓意画集

emblematic ( adj. 象征性的)

incivility [ˌɪnsəˈvɪləti]

n. 粗鲁的举动 (a rude or discourteous act)

词根记忆:im(不)+civility(文明)→不文明→粗鲁的举动

banality [bəˈnæləti]

n. 平庸,平淡乏味 (the condition or quality of being banal)

联想记忆:banal(平庸的)+ity→平庸

meteoric [ˌmiːtiˈɔːrɪk]

adj. 流星般迅速而短暂的 (similar to a meteor in speed, brilliance, or brevity)

来自meteor ( n. 流星)

ephemeral, evanescent, fleeting, momentary, transient, transitory

collegiality [kəˌliːdʒiˈæləti]

n. 共同合作 (the cooperative relationship of colleagues)

词根记忆:col(共同)+leg(选择)+ial(具有…的)+ity(状况)→共同选择→共同合作

nominee [ˌnɑːmɪˈniː]

n. 被提名人,被任命者 (one who has been nominated to an office or for a candidacy)

词根记忆:nomin(名称,名字)+ee (人)→被提名人

sentimental [ˌsentɪˈmentl]

adj. 多愁善感的 (having an excess of sentiment or sensibility)

词根记忆:senti(看作sent,感觉)+ment+al(的)→感觉敏锐的→多愁善感的

nonsentimental ( adj. 非感性的);sentimentalism ( n. 感情主义);sentimentality ( n. 多愁善感)

endeavor [ɪnˈdevər]

n. 努力,尝试 (serious determined effort) v. 努力,尽力 (to attempt by exertion of effort)

degrade [dɪˈɡreɪd]

v. (使)退化 (to change or make something change to a simpler chemical form) 使贬低身份 (to lower in grade, rank, or status)

词根记忆:de(向下)+grad(级,走)+e→级别向下走→退化

degradation ( n. 衰退,恶化)

molecule [ˈmɑːlɪkjuːl]

n. 分子 (the simplest unit of a chemical substance, usually a group of two or more atoms)

词根记忆:mol(摩尔)+e+cule(小)→分子

water molecules 水分子

topography [təˈpɑːɡrəfi]

n. 地形 (the physical features of an area of land)

词根记忆:topo(地方)+graphy(写,画)→画出地方的形状→地形

topographical ( adj. 地形的);topographically ( adv. 在地形构造方面)

litigant [ˈlɪtɪɡənt]

n. 诉讼当事人 (a party engaged in a lawsuit)

来自litigate ( v. 提起诉讼)

litigation ( n. 诉讼;打官司) +b3ghsvX6df/xgJt4kjCbl+vgRDePcW1EJXHuCGLNSk5W5dB8JXGshzUF1bxJxpk

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