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释 / əˈsəʊʃieɪt / v. 联系，联想 ‖ / əˈsəʊʃiət / a. 联合的，有关联的
搭 associate... with... 把……和……联系起来
例 Recent studies show that urban sprawl encourages more driving and is associated with heavier weight. 最近的研究表明，城市无计划扩展会鼓励更多的驾驶，并与体重增加有关。（2023.12）
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释 n. 仔细而彻底的审查
例 The news media are usually more transparent than businesses because their work product is constantly available for public scrutiny . 新闻媒体通常比企业更透明，因为他们的工作成果要不断地受到公众的审查。
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释 a. 不间断的，持续的；无尽无休的；终身的，永久的
例 On another scale, he was a perpetual outsider. 从另一个角度看，他永远是个局外人。（2021.6）
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释 v. 阻碍，妨碍，阻挡
搭 hinder sb./sth. from sth./doing sth. 妨碍……做……
例 It can hinder other more positive motivation types, such as completing a task purely because it's fulfilling or enjoyable. 它会阻碍其他更积极的动机类型，比如完成一项任务纯粹是因为它很有成就感或令人愉快。（2022. 12）
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释 a. 较小的，次要的，轻微的 ‖ n. 辅修科目；未成年人 ‖ v. 辅修
搭 minor in 辅修
例 The EAT report presumes that“traditional diets”in countries like India include little red meat, which might be consumed only on special occasions or as minor ingredients in mixed dishes. EAT 报告假定，印度等国的“传统饮食”中几乎不包括红肉，红肉可能只在特殊场合食用，或作为混合菜肴中的次要配料。（2020.12）
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释 / dɪˈfjuːz / v. 扩散；漫射；传播 ‖ / dɪˈfjuːs / a. 冗长的；弥漫的；松散的
搭 diffuse knowledge 传播知识
例 The light was diffused by the leaves. 树叶使光线漫射。
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释 a. 令人吃惊的；戏剧性的
例 This was a dramatic jump from 1989, where it stood at 15.8%. 与1989年的15.8%相比，这一比例有了大幅提高。（2023.3）
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释 v. 假定，假设；装出，假装
搭 It is assumed that... 假定；人们认为
例 For instance, from a chart indicating that 33 percent of firstborn children in a research sample did not feel close to their fathers, you might assume that some dreadful influence was at work on the firstborn children. 例如，一个图表显示，在某个研究样本群体中，家庭里的长子或者长女，有33%都觉得与父亲关系不亲密。你可能会认为一定有某种可怕的影响在这些人身上起作用。（2015.12）
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释 v. 辨别；区别对待，歧视
搭 discriminate A from B 把A和B区分开 ‖ discriminate against sb. 歧视某人
例 Russian speakers, who make an extra distinction between light and dark blues in their language, are better able to visually discriminate shades of blue. 俄语对深蓝和浅蓝做了特别细致的区分，所以讲俄语的人能更好地从视觉上辨别蓝色的深浅。
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释 v. 维持；维修；断言（某事）属实，坚称；供养
例 He did it to increase production—he was paying a premium to maintain a reliable workforce. 他这样做是为了增加产量——他支付了额外的费用来维持一支可靠的劳动力队伍。（2023.12）
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释 v. 提供；提议；出价 ‖ n. 提议；出价
搭 offer letter 报价书；录取通知书‖job offer 工作机会
例 Our professors are always willing to lend an ear and offer what advice they can. 我们的教授们总是愿意认真倾听，并尽力提出建议。
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释 v. 发明，创造；虚构
例 Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago, whereas language probably traces back at least 80,000 years. 写作仅诞生于5 500年前，而语言则可能要追溯到至少8万年前。（2014.6）
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释 v. 欠 … …债；感激；应归功于；怀有情感
搭 owing to 由于
例 She was out of work owing to a physical injury. 她因为受外伤而失业了。
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释 v. 解雇；遣散，解散（队伍等）；驳回，拒绝受理；搁置
搭 dismiss from 解雇；开除
例 I think we can safely dismiss their objections. 我认为我们对他们的异议可以完全不予理会。
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释 n. 身份（或地位）相同的人，同辈；（英国）贵族成员 ‖ v. 仔细看，端详
搭 peer at 凝视
例 We want to fit in, to bond with others, and to earn the respect and approval of our peers . 我们希望融入社会，与他人建立联系，赢得同龄人的尊重和认可。（2021.12）
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释 v. 扣除，减去；演绎
搭 deduct from 扣除
例 The company deducted this payment from her compensation. 公司从她获得的赔偿金中扣去了这笔付款。
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释 v. 准备；使适合；装备；预备；做好思想准备
搭 prepare for 为……做准备；筹备
例 For example, universities could incorporate IDPs into their graduate curricula to help students discuss, plan, prepare for, and achieve their long-term career goals. 比如，大学可以把个人发展计划融入到他们的研究生课程里，以帮助学生探讨、规划、准备并达成他们的长期职业目标。（2013.12）
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释 v. 旋，拧；压榨；强迫 ‖ n. 螺旋；螺丝钉
搭 screw up 拧紧；鼓舞；弄糟
例 The point is that we should screw up our courage to face the problems. 关键在于我们应鼓起勇气面对这些问题。
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释 v. 减少，缩减，降低；贬低，轻视
例 A large survey of school children found that their negative feelings grew as their experience with nature diminished . 一项针对学童的大型调查发现，随着他们对大自然的体验减少，他们的负面情绪也在增加。（2022.12）
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释 v. 服从，听从；遵守，遵循
例 It is necessary that one should obey the law. 人有必要遵守法律。
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释 n. 信号；预兆，征兆 ‖ v. 向 … …发信号；用动作（手势）示意
例 LOL signals basic empathy between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality. LOL表示发短信者之间基本的同感，来缓解紧张并建立平等的感觉。（2014.6）
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释 a. 固体的；实心的；结实的，可靠的
例 They form a solid basis for policy making. 它们为政策的制定奠定了坚实的基础。（2013.6）
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释 v. 忽略；俯瞰；远眺
例 Don't overlook the pressure you're under and what it does to you. 不要忽视你所承受的压力及它带给你的后果。
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释 n. 大船，轮船；（盛液体的）容器，器皿；血管
搭 ocean-going vessel 远洋轮船 ‖ blood vessel 血管
例 Crew members were up at dawn, dragging sensors from their expedition vessels back and forth, day in and day out, year after year, to detect metal of any kind. 船员们在黎明时分起床，日复一日、年复一年地从探险船上来回拖动传感器来探测各种金属。（2023.12）
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释 n. 激情；热情；酷爱；盛怒
搭 passion for 对……的热爱
例 Readers will feel they know John Muir after reading his story and may catch his passion for preserving the riches of our land. 读过他的故事之后，读者会感觉到他们了解约翰·缪尔，并可能被他保护我们富饶土地的热情所感染。（2013.6）
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释 v. 咀嚼，咬；深思，考虑 ‖ n. 咀嚼
例 She chewed her lower lip nervously. 她紧张地咬着下嘴唇。
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释 n. （教育、专业等）机构，机构建筑 ‖ v. 制定（体系、政策等），开始，实行
例 In 1997 Congress requested the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the Department of Education to convene a National Reading Panel to end the“reading wars”and synthesize the evidence. 1997年，国会要求国家儿童健康与人类发展研究所和教育部召集一个全国阅读小组，以结束“阅读战争”并整合证据。（2023.6）
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释 a. 精神的；脑力的；疯的
搭 mental health 心理健康‖mental state 精神状态
例 The challenge is a test of both physical strength and mental fitness. 这项挑战既是对体力的考验，也是对心理素质的考验。（2022.12）
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释 n. 限制；局限；极限；起限制作用的规则（或事实、条件）
例 The very process imposed a limitation on the quantity of materials copied. 这个过程就对被复制资料的数量施加了限制。（2014.6）
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释 v. 收集；聚集；收紧，收缩；积聚
例 Now he finds immigrant craftsmen gathered in abundance outside his store in the early morning, waiting for it to open so they can buy supplies for the day's work as contractors. 现在他发现，每天一大早，就有大批移民手工艺人聚集在他的店门口，等着商店开门以购买物资，然后开始他们作为承揽工的一天。（2013.6）
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释 n. 立场，观点
搭 from the standpoint of 从……角度来看；从……立场来看
例 One's opinion tends to differ in accordance with one's standpoint . 不同的立场往往形成不同的见解。
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释 n. 耐心，耐性；忍耐
搭 with patience 耐心地‖lose patience 失去耐心
例 We would like to thank them for their patience and understanding. 我们要感谢他们的耐心和理解。
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释 n. 论坛，讨论会；公开讨论的广场
例 In a 2012 report, the World Economic Forum found that when it comes to closing the gender gap in“economic participation and opportunity,”the United States is ahead of not only Sweden but also Finland, Denmark, the Netherlands, Iceland, Germany and the United Kingdom. 在2012年的一份报告中，世界经济论坛发现，就缩小在“经济参与和机会”方面的性别差距而言，美国不仅领先于瑞典，还领先于芬兰、丹麦、荷兰、冰岛、德国和英国。（2014.6）
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释 a. 准确的；严密的；精密的 ‖ v. 要求；苛求；迫使
搭 to be exact 确切地说
例 I don't remember the exact words. 我不记得确切的话语。
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释 n. （愚蠢或粗心的）错误 ‖ v. 犯（愚蠢的或粗心的）错误
搭 blunder about/around 乱闯，瞎闯 ‖ blunder into sth. 撞上某物
例 It was a serious blunder for them to make compromise and concession on a major issue. 他们在重要问题上做出了妥协和让步，那是严重的错误。
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释 v. （尤指在争论中）声称，认为；竞争，争夺
搭 contend that 声称…… ‖ contend with sth. （不得不）处理问题，对付困境
例 Beyond moral issues, others contend that hunting is not practical. 除了道德问题，还有人认为狩猎不切实际。（2020.7）
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释 n. 方便的
搭 convenient for 便于……
例 It's all very handy stuff, I guess, a convenient way to be a do-it-yourselfer without being all that good with tools. 我想，这些东西都很好用，而且就算你不擅长使用工具，也能轻易地成为DIY达人。（2013.6）
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释 v. 许诺，允诺；保证；希望 ‖ n. 允诺，许诺
搭 keep promise 守信‖make a promise 许诺，允诺
例 It promises a long-term career path. 它确保建立起一条长远的职业发展路线。（2013.12）
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释 n. 署名；签名
例 The two sides met to put their signatures to a formal agreement. 双方聚首签署了一份正式的协议。
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释 v. 竞争；参加比赛
搭 compete with/against sb. for sth. 为某事物与某人竞争
例 Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out. 雷诺兹曾经指出，如今的女孩为了能够在学校内外和男孩竞争，都在使用更为自信的语言策略。
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释 n. 结果，效果
例 The researchers concluded that role model selection can have a positive or negative outcome on a teenager's psychosocial development. 研究人员得出的结论是，榜样的选择能够对青少年社会心理的发展产生正面或者负面的影响。（2013.6）
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释 n. 接班人，继任人，继承人
搭 legitimate successor 法定继承人
例 His successor Cyrus Mistry has several underperforming businesses to deal with as we explained in our cover story at the end of last year. 正如本刊（《经济学人》）在去年年底封面故事中所阐述的那样，他（拉坦·塔塔）的继任者塞勒斯·密斯特里要去处理一些表现不佳的业务。
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释 n. （公开的）争论，辩论，论战
搭 controversy over/about/surrounding sb./sth. 关于某人/某事的争论
例 As a politician he has often courted controversy . 作为政治人物，他常常招致争议。
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释 n. 社区；团体；共享
搭 community centre 社区活动中心 ‖ community service 社区服务
例 He is popular in the local community because of his unselfishness. 由于无私，他在当地社区很受欢迎。
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释 n. 蛋白质
例 A low-carbohydrate, high- protein diet may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease, according to a large study in Swedish women. 一项针对瑞典妇女所做的大型研究表明，低碳水化合物、高蛋白的饮食习惯可能会增加患心血管疾病的风险。
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释 n. 立体声音响（系统）
例 The speakers of my old stereo finally gave out and there was no way to repair them. 最终，我的旧音响的扬声器出毛病了，而且（这次）说什么也修不好了。（2011.12）
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释 n. 下级，属下 ‖ a. 较低的；次等的
搭 inferior to 低于，劣于 ‖ inferior by comparison 相形见绌
例 A cheaper camera is not always inferior to a more expensive one. 更便宜的照相机并不总是不如更贵的好。
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释 a. 机械的；呆头呆脑的；擅长于机械原理的
例 They were using a mechanical shovel to clear up the streets. 他们用机械铲土机清理街道。
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释 a. 艰苦的；强硬的；健壮的
搭 tough on/with sb./sth. 对某人/某物要求严厉
例 Wardian, a 42-year-old Arlington resident, is a record-breaking racer, known in the ultra-running community for seeking tough courses and setting world records. 沃德安今年42岁，住在阿灵顿，是一名破纪录的参赛者，在超跑界以寻求艰险的赛道和创造世界纪录而闻名。（2022.12）
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释 n. 侧影；概述，简介；形象；轮廓 ‖ v. 描 … …的轮廓
搭 a high/low profile 惹人/不惹人注目；高/低姿态
例 You should keep a low profile for the next few days. 未来几天里你要保持低调。
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释 n. 促进因素；刺激物
搭 external stimulus 外在刺激
例 Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts. 把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。
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释 n. 策略，战略
例 Bina believes that brands need to readdress their exclusivity tactic . 比娜认为，各大品牌需要重新调整他们的排他性策略。（2021.12）
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释 a. 昂贵的；代价高的；损失大的；奢华的
搭 costly victory 来之不易的胜利
例 The intricate and costly style of the lace ruff worn by the man in the portrait was characteristic of that period. 肖像画里男人穿戴的复杂又昂贵的花边状衣领是那个时代的特征。
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释 a. 贫瘠的；不结果实的；不孕不育的
搭 barren land 不毛之地
例 Villagers tend to claim that financial compensation, where there is any, is a pittance. When land is offered as compensation it is isolated, barren and often lacks access to water, electricity, sealed roads and the like. 村民们倾向于认为财政补偿虽然在一些地方存在，但是金额少。当土地被提供作为补偿的时候，它们通常存在诸如偏僻、贫瘠、用水用电困难、道路封闭等情况。
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释 n. 分子
搭 a molecule of water 水分子
例 A molecule usually consists of a group of atoms. 分子通常由一组原子构成。
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释 ad. 不过，然而，尽管如此
例 There is little chance that we will win the game. Nevertheless , it is important that we try. 我们几乎没有可能赢得比赛。不过，重要的是我们应该努力争取。
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释 n. 道德，道义；道德准则，道德规范
例 He actively promoted the dissemination of scientific ideas about matters such as morality . 他积极推动诸如道德之类的科学观念的传播。
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释 n. 活动；行动；活跃
例 When people uttered a falsehood, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala. 当人们说假话时，科学家们注意到他们的大脑扁桃核突然活跃起来。（2019.12）
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释 a. 多才多艺的；多用途的，多功能的
例 He's a very versatile performer. 他是个多才多艺的表演者。
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释 a. 有限的；限定的
例 What the commodity markets are telling us is that we're living in a finite world, in which the rapid growth of emerging economies is placing pressure on limited supplies of raw materials, pushing up their prices. 商品市场告诉我们的是：我们生活在一个资源有限的世界里，新兴经济体的迅速发展给有限的原材料供应带来压力，促使原材料价格上涨。
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释 a. 巨大的，庞大的，极大的
例 The massacre of thousands of Jews represents a humanitarian catastrophe of enormous proportions. 屠杀成千上万犹太人是巨大的人道主义灾难。
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释 n. 边境；边界；国界
例 They have tightened security along the border . 他们加强了边境的安全工作。
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释 a. 灭绝的，绝种的
搭 nearly extinct 几乎绝迹
例 The now extinct passenger pigeon has the dubious honor of being the last species anyone ever expected to disappear. 现在已经灭绝的旅鸽“有幸”是人们曾预期会消失的最后一个物种。（2022.9）
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释 / ˈseɡmənt / n. 部分；瓣 ‖ / seɡˈment / v. 分割，划分
例 Market researchers usually segment the population on the basis of social class and income. 市场研究人员通常按照社会阶层和收入划分人口。
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释 n. 被动语态 ‖ a. 被动的，消极的；被动语态的
搭 passive voice 被动语态
例 He played a passive role in the game. 他在游戏中扮演了一个被动的角色。
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释 n. 小号；喇叭 ‖ v. 宣传，鼓吹；吹喇叭
搭 blow one's own trumpet 自我吹嘘
例 She likes to trumpet her own success. 她喜欢吹嘘自己的成功。
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释 a. 典型的；一贯的；特有的
搭 typical of local cookery 当地风味的饭菜
例 Picture a typical MBA lecture theatre twenty years ago. 想象一下20年前典型的工商管理硕士课堂。（2011.6）
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释 n. 被告人，被告
例 The defendant was accused of pick pocketing on a bus in India. 那位被告被指控在印度的一辆公交车上偷窃。
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释 v. 诠释，说明；口译
搭 interpret... as... 把……理解为……
例 You should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours. 你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的理解去解释。
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释 n. 惩罚，刑罚；害处，不利
搭 penalty area 罚球区，禁区 ‖ death penalty 死刑
例 Alcohol is strictly prohibited for Muslims in Iran. Repeat offenders can even face the death penalty . 在伊朗，酒类严禁销售给伊斯兰教徒。重犯者甚至可能被判死刑。
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释 n. 消费者，顾客，用户
搭 consumer demand 消费需求
例 There is no chance that will change anytime soon, even if the government creates a better social safety net and successfully encourages greater consumer spending. 即使政府建立了比较好的社会安全网络，成功地鼓励了民众扩大消费，中国人的这一审慎理财传统也不会马上改变。（2012.12）
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释 n. 经济衰退；退后，撤回
例 The recession has certainly come with more problems than Andrea anticipated, but she remains unfailingly optimistic. 经济衰退无疑带来了更多的问题，超出了安德烈娅的预料，但是她仍保持无限的乐观。（2012.12）
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释 v. 口述；命令，指示；使听写；控制，支配
例 It took him a long time to dictate the whole story. 他花了很长时间口述整个故事。
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释 v. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊
搭 astonish beyond measure 感到万分惊讶
例 If viewers cast aside their hostility, what may astonish them is Mr. Hirst's ability to transform dry conceptual art into witty, emotionally engaging work. 观众如果抛开敌意，可能会震惊于赫斯特先生把枯燥的概念艺术转变成诙谐而富有情感魅力的作品的能力。
0 7 5
释 n. 记号，符号；谱号
例 The teacher asked his students to make a notation on the margin of the paper. 这位老师要求他的学生们在纸张空白边缘做个标记。
0 7 6
释 v. 躲避，避开，躲闪；逃避 ‖ n. 托词，伎俩，诡计
例 The politician tried to dodge the reporters' queries. 那位政客试图躲避记者的质问。
0 7 7
释 a. 可溶的，易溶解的；可解决的，可解答的
例 Some substances are soluble , while others are not. 有些物质是可溶的，而另一些是不可溶的。
0 7 8
释 v. 汇合，集中；聚集，聚会
例 The roads converge just before the railway station. 道路刚好汇聚在火车站前。
0 7 9
释 n. 残余，剩余；零头布料
例 After thirty-six hours of fighting, the remnants of the enemy were fleeing. 战斗持续了36个小时后，敌军残部正在溃逃。
0 8 0
释 a. 眼睛的；视觉的；光学的
例 The country spent $3 billion, and is considered the international leader in most optic fields. 这个国家花费了30亿美元，被认为在光学的大多数领域居国际领先地位。
0 8 1
释 a. 允许的，许可的，准许的
例 Under the new regulations it is permissible . 根据新的规章制度，这是可以的。
0 8 2
释 a. 古怪的，奇异的
例 The plot of the novel is too bizarre to be believed. 这部小说的情节太离奇了，简直令人难以置信。
0 8 3
释 v. 扰乱，使混乱
例 The quarrels of the different political parties seemed likely to disrupt this country. 不同政党的争执可能给该国造成混乱。
0 8 4
释 n. 初级律师；推销员
例 He practised as a solicitor for many years. 他做了许多年推销员。
0 8 5
释 a. 残酷的，严苛的；压抑的，抑制的，克制的
例 The media criticised the repressive methods employed by the country's government. 媒体指责了这个国家的政府采取的镇压手段。
0 8 6
释 v. 碎裂，崩裂，坍塌；（使）粉碎，（使）碎裂
例 My son crumbled the bread on the table. 我儿子把面包碎屑弄到桌子上了。
0 8 7
释 v. 捏造，编造
例 The reason she gave for her absence was obviously fabricated . 她给出的缺席理由显然是编造的。
0 8 8
释 v. （使）（战斗、暴力或不好的情况）升级，（使）恶化；升高，增加
例 We must realise that even a limited confrontation can escalate into a major war. 我们必须认识到即使是局部的对抗也可能扩大成一场战争。
0 8 9
释 n. 动脉；干道，干线
例 Heart disease and artery disease will raise our risk of stroke. 心脏病和动脉疾病会增加我们患中风的风险。
0 9 0
释 n. 吊唁
例 I sent a message of condolence . 我发了一条吊唁信息。
0 9 1
释 v. 强调；画线于 … …下
例 The figures underscore the shaky state of the economic recovery. 这些数据强调了经济复苏状况的不稳定。
0 9 2
释 a. 城镇的，城市的；市民的，公民的
例 The Russia President's visit was the most important civic event of the year. 俄罗斯总统的来访是该城市那年的头等大事。
0 9 3
释 v. 将（一系列事件）载入编年史中，记录（大事） ‖ n. 编年史，年代记
例 We've decided to chronicle its 20 greatest moments here. 我们决定在此记录下其中的20个最重要的时刻。
0 9 4
释 a. 有礼貌的，亲切的；豪华舒适的，华美的
例 The old lady distributed gifts in a gracious manner. 老妇人亲切地分发礼物。
0 9 5
释 v. 猛投，投掷
例 A good roper can hurl out the coil with marvelous accuracy and force. 一位优秀的套索捕马者会用令人惊异的准确度和力量掷出绳索。
0 9 6
释 v. 骑（自行车）；踩动踏板 ‖ n. 踏板，脚蹬
例 She climbed on her new bike with a feeling of pride and pedalled the five miles home. 她自豪地骑上新自行车，骑了5英里路回家。
0 9 7
释 v. 排练，排演
例 I came here today intending to rehearse with them. 我今天到这里来是想和他们一起排练。
0 9 8
释 n. 伏击，埋伏；埋伏地点 ‖ v. 埋伏
例 The police lay in ambush for the robbers. 警察暗中等候那些劫匪。
0 9 9
释 n. 教条，教义，教理
例 We should regard Marxist theory not as a dogma , but as a guide to action. 我们不应当把马克思主义理论看作教条，而应当看作行动的指南。
1 0 0
释 v. 部署，调动
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