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□ will modal v. 将要；愿意，要 n. [C, U]意志；[C]遗嘱
考 will作情态动词：1. 表示意愿或决心：I will do my best to help you. 我愿意尽全力帮助你。2. 表示习惯或规律：Fish will die out of water. 鱼儿离开水就会死。
□ willing adj. 情愿的，乐意的
考 be willing to do... 愿意做…
□ unwilling adj. 不愿意，勉强的
例 I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not staying out with my friends too late. 我不愿意和他交谈，经常违反他让我不要在外面跟朋友待到很晚的规定。(全国甲卷)
参 unwillingly( adv. 不情愿地)；unwillingness ( n. 不情愿)
·主题相关词
□ voluntary adj. 自愿的
记 · 词根记忆 volunt(意愿)+ary(…的)→凭自己意愿的→自愿的
例 She is a voluntary worker at the hospital. 她在这家医院做义工。
□ volunteer v. 自愿 n. [C]志愿者
记 · 词根记忆 volunt(意志，意愿)+eer(表示人)→有意愿的人→志愿者
例 We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. 我们与不同年龄和背景的志愿者一起工作。(北京卷)
□ wish v. 祝愿；想要 n. [C]愿望；[pl.]祝福
考 1. wish to do sth. 希望做某事：How I wish to go there! 我好想去那儿啊！2. wish+宾语从句(虚拟语气)，表示无法或难以实现的愿望： I wish I were as strong as Tom. 我希望能像汤姆一样健壮。
□ hesitate v. 犹豫，踌躇
记 · 词根记忆 hes(黏附)+it+ate(做)→做事拖泥带水→犹豫，踌躇
考 hesitate to do... 做…犹豫不决
例 If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never hesitates to buy them a meal. 如果一个学生在往返学校的漫长车程中饿了，威尔逊会毫不犹豫地给他购买餐食。(北京卷)
□ hesitation n . [C, U]犹豫
□ hesitant adj. 犹豫的；不情愿的
□ reluctant adj. 不情愿的，勉强的
例 Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff. 尽管酒店的服务很差，但经理也不愿为员工投入资金来提供足够的培训。(江苏卷)