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（科目代码：204）
1．答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2．考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。
3．选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4．填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5．考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
The number of steps you should walk every day to start seeing benefits to your health is lower than previously thought, according to the largest analysis to investigate this.
The study, published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology , 1 that walking at least 3,967 steps a day 2 to reduce the risk of dying from any cause, and 2,337 steps a day reduced the risk of dying from diseases of the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular disease).
3 , the new analysis of 226,889 people from 17 different studies around the world has shown that the more you walk, the greater the health 4 .The risk of dying from any cause or from cardiovascular disease 5 markedly with every 500 to 1,000 6 steps you walk.An increase of 1,000 steps a day was 7 with a 15% reduction in the risk of dying from any cause, and an increase of 500 steps a day was related to a 7% reduction in dying from cardiovascular disease.
The researchers, 8 by Maciej Banach, Professor of Cardiology at the Medical University of Lodz, Poland, found that 9 people walked as many as 20,000 steps a day, the health benefits 10 to increase.They have not found an upper yet.
“Our study 12 that the more you walk, the better,” says Prof.Banach.“We found that this 13 to both men and women, 14 age and whether you live in a(n) 15 , sub-tropical or sub-polar region of the world, or a region with a 16 of climates.In addition, our analysis indicates that as 17 as 4,000 steps a day are needed to significantly reduce deaths from any cause, and even 18 to reduce deaths from cardiovascular disease.”
There is strong 19 that a sedentary lifestyle may contribute to an increase in cardiovascular disease and a shorter life.Studies have shown that 20 physical activity affects more than a quarter of the world's population.
1．[A] advised [B] concluded [C] defended [D] denied
2．[A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] decided
3．[A] However [B] Hence [C] Otherwise [D] Therefore
4．[A] risks [B] benefits [C] problems [D] needs
5．[A] remains [B] increases [C] decreases [D] emerges
6．[A] small [B] heavy [C] extra [D] quick
7．[A] occupied [B] associated [C] endowed [D] faced
8．[A] analyzed [B] accompanied [C] questioned [D] led
9．[A] so that [B] now that [C] if only [D] even if
10．[A] continued [B] stopped [C] delayed [D] suspended
11．[A] limit [B] edge [C] surface [D] atmosphere
12．[A] confirmed [B] warned [C] explored [D] examined
13．[A] adjusted [B] applied [C] attributed [D] stuck
14．[A] according to [B] rather than [C] along with [D] irrespective of
15．[A] temporary [B] original [C] temperate [D] modest
16．[A] structure [B] mixture [C] feature [D] picture
17．[A] well [B] long [C] little [D] many
18．[A] fewer [B] deeper [C] nearer [D] longer
19．[A] confidence [B] criticism [C] evidence [D] dislike
20．[A] adequate [B] outdoor [C] regular [D] insufficient
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)
No child aspires to a life talking the kind of nonsense that many executives speak.But it seems that, as soon as managers start to climb the corporate ladder, they begin to lose the ability to talk or write clearly.They instead become entangled in a forest of gobbledygook.
The first explanation for this phenomenon is that “ jargon abhors a vacuum ”.All too often, executives know they have nothing significant to say in a speech or a memo.They could confine their remarks to something like “profits are up (or down)”, which would be relevant information.But executives would rather make some grand statement about team spirit or the corporate ethos.They aim to make the business sound more inspirational than “selling more stuff at less cost”.So they use long words, obscure jargon, and buzzwords like “holistic” to fill the space.
Another reason why managers indulge in waffle relates to the nature of the modern economy.In the past, work was largely about producing, or selling, physical things such as bricks or electrical gadgets.A service-based economy involves tasks that are difficult to define.When it is hard to describe what you do, it is natural to resort to imprecise terms.
Such terms can have a purpose but still be irritating.Take “onboarding”.A single word to describe the process of a company assimilating a new employee could be useful.But “to board” would do the trick.The only purpose of adding “on” seems to be to allow the creation of an equally ugly word, “offboarding”, the process of leaving a firm.
The third reason why managers use jargon is to establish their credentials.What makes one person fit to manage another? It is hard to identify any obvious attributes; managers are not like doctors, who prove their expertise through passing exams and practical training.If you can speak the language of management, you appear qualified to rule.If others don't understand terms like “synergy” and “paradigm”, that only demonstrates their ignorance.In a sense, managers are acting rather like medieval priests, who conducted services in Latin rather than in the local language, adding to the mystical nature of the process.
Once corporate jargon is established, it is hard for managers to avoid using it.The terms are ever-present in PowerPoint slides, speeches and annual reports.Not to use them would suggest a manager is not sufficiently committed to the job.Junior staff, for their part, dare not question the language for fear of damaging their promotion prospects.
21．Once executives get promoted, they tend to__________.
[A] put all their effort to the business career
[B] struggle with the impairment of concentration
[C] express their ideas in an implicit way
[D] aim high and achieve greater success
22．What does the author mean by “jargon abhors a vacuum”(Line 1, Paragraph 2)?
[A] Jargon permeates executives' speech.
[B] Jargon exists separately from businesses.
[C] Jargon consists of a deep hatred.
[D] Jargon derives from industrial practices.
23．To fill the space in a speech, executives would rather__________.
[A] say something important and precise
[B] restrict their comments on profits
[C] make some grand and abstract remarks
[D] share some ideas of reducing costs
24．The examples of “onboarding” and “offboarding” are cited to show that__________.
[A] executives deliberately use the terms that have no real effect
[B] executives like to show off their command of these terms
[C] these terms have a direct connection with aircrafts or ships
[D] these terms are a smart use of figures of speech
25．What would be the best title for this text?
[A] How to Climb the Corporate Ladder
[B] The Rich Connotations of Business Jargon
[C] Executives' Grand Vision of Reshaping Society
[D] Why Businesses Use so Much Jargon
Some habits can keep you on track to meet your personal goals.Getting up at a certain hour and carrying out your daily routines according to a schedule, for example, are components of good time management.In fact, the less you think about whether or not you want to engage in these behaviors, the better.If you honestly considered the pros and cons of working out as soon as you arise, you might come up with a myriad of reasons not to, reasons that become more compelling as the day goes on and other concerns occupy you.
Habits involving your use of time, energy, and activity can clearly help you organize your life and keep you on track.However, habits that involve negative ways of thinking can take on a different and much less productive quality in the way you interpret your experiences and even how you view yourself.According to University of Ottawa's Eamon Colvin and colleagues (2021), habits can become cognitive processes, or ways of engaging your thoughts, that become automatically activated under certain key conditions, or cues.
A physical habit, when viewed as a process, tends to be triggered by a set of circumstances.You see a “Don't Walk” signal flash red when you're about to cross the street, so you stop without giving it much thought, or at least you quickly dismiss the idea that you could scurry to safety in time.Stopping in place is a response you've learned to associate with the signal.The Canadian authors argue that, similarly, the more your mental habits become prompted the more often they become associated with a given situation.
Mental habits, the researchers maintain, take on that status of being a “transdiagnostic mental process” whose negative focus could account for a variety of disorders involving anxiety and depression.People with anxiety and those with depressive disorders may differ in the content of their thoughts but the habitual nature of those thoughts and the fact that they arise spontaneously cuts across the diagnostic distinctions.
One key feature of a habit, then, is that it occurs outside the realm of intention.Even if you don't want to engage in the habit, whether a thought or an action, you will do so when the situation presents itself, whether in the reality of the moment or in your memory.The individual with social anxiety disorder can generate the habitual response of feeling judged just by thinking about past social situations.In other words, you don't have to be in the actual situation to have the habit kick into high gear; you just have to conjure it up in your own head.
26．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
[A] Habits can help people to realize their individual dreams.
[B] If people carry out their daily routines, they can meet their goals.
[C] Too much consideration to the pros and cons will lead to no deed.
[D] Taking action without hesitation in daily life is preferable.
27．Ottawa's Eamon Colvin and his colleagues think that mental habits__________.
[A] have negative influence on the ways of thinking
[B] involve the use of time, energy, and activity
[C] prevent you from crossing the street with the red traffic light
[D] are automatically-generated thoughts processes
28．What do we know about people with anxiety and depressive disorders?
[A] Their thoughts come up naturally.
[B] Their thoughts share the same content.
[C] The transdiagnostic category doesn't apply to their symptoms.
[D] Their mental processes have no influence on their health.
29．The key feature of a habit is that it happens__________.
[A] aimlessly
[B] intensely
[C] colourfully
[D] purposefully
30．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Troublesome Mental Habits
[B] New Research about Habits
[C] Mental Habits Contributing to Your Happiness
[D] Ways to Develop Good Habits
Education strikes at the heart of what makes us human.It drives the intellectual capacity and prosperity of nations.It has developed the minds that took us to the moon and eradicated previously incurable diseases.And the special status of education is why generative AI tools such as ChatGPT are likely to profoundly disrupt this sector.This isn't a reflection of their intelligence, but of our failure to build education systems that nurture and value our unique human intelligence.
AI could be a force for tremendous good within education.It could release teachers from administrative tasks, giving them more opportunities to spend time with students.However, we are woefully equipped to benefit from the AI that is flooding the market.To reap the benefits of this technology, we must design effective ways to roll out AI across the education system, and regulate this properly.
Staying ahead of AI will mean radically rethinking what education is for, and what success means.Human intelligence is far more impressive than any AI system we see today.We possess a rich and diverse intelligence, much of which is unrecognized by our current education system.
We are capable of sophisticated, high-level thinking, yet the school curriculum, particularly in England, takes a rigid approach to learning, prioritizing the memorizing of facts, rather than creative thinking.Students are rewarded for rote learning rather than critical thought.Take the English syllabus, for instance, which requires students to learn quotations and the rules of grammar.This time-consuming work encourages students to marshal facts, rather than interpret texts or think critically about language.
Our education system should recognize the unique aspects of human intelligence.At school, this would mean a focus on teaching high-level thinking capabilities and designing a system to supercharge our intelligence.Literacy and numeracy remain fundamental, but now we must add AI literacy.Traditional subject areas should become the context through which critical thinking, increased creativity and knowledge mastery are taught.Rather than teaching students only how to collate and memorize information, we should prize their ability to interpret facts and weigh up the evidence to make an original argument.
Failure to change isn't an option.Now these technologies are here, we need humans to excel at what AI cannot do, so any workplace automation complements and enriches our lives and our intelligence.
This should be an amazing opportunity to use AI to become much smarter, but we must ensure that AI serves us, not the other way round.This will mean confronting the profit-driven imperatives of big tech companies and the illusionist tricks played by Silicon Valley.It will also mean carefully considering what types of tasks we're willing to offload to AI.
Some aspects of our intellectual activity may be dispensable, but many are not.While Silicon Valley conjures up its next magic trick, we must prepare ourselves to protect what we hold dear—for ourselves and for future generations.
31．Education holds a special place because__________.
[A] it drives AI tools to disrupt traditional subject areas
[B] it improves intelligence and boots prosperity
[C] it is a reflection of peace and prosperity
[D] it is based on the human intelligence
32．The great benefit brought by AI to the education lies in the possibility that__________.
[A] AI tools will be far more intelligent than they really are
[B] it will free teachers from time-consuming administrative duties
[C] AI tools can produce many forms of knowledge they understand
[D] we could prepare ourselves in a short time for such technologies
33．The English syllabus is cited in Paragraph 4 to show that__________.
[A] students should be rewarded for critical thinking
[B] memorizing facts is a time-consuming work
[C] students are capable of giving new insights
[D] schools take an inappropriate teaching approach
34．To recognize the unique aspects of human intelligence, schools should__________.
[A] develop a system to supervise AI tools
[B] cultivate students' ability to create original ideas
[C] prioritize the improvement of literacy and calculation
[D] cancel quotation and grammar learning in the classes
35．According to Paragraph 7, the author thinks that__________.
[A] big tech companies fool their customers
[B] Silicon Valley is always be driven by profit
[C] people should make AI become much smarter
[D] AI should be an assistant but not a dominator
The economic news this week is stark.Inflation has hit a 30-year high and the average British worker is entering their third drop in real wages in a decade.But what's really sobering is that the worst is still to come.Next month, the regulator Ofgem announces the maximum price for heating bills, and energy company bosses are already warning that they will almost certainly be double last winter's levels.The new price cap kicks in from April, at just the point that national insurance goes up alongside council tax increases in many boroughs, and there's a stealth rise in income tax.
Without immediate state action, the human fallout of all of this will be severe.Two big points need to be borne in mind: first, when basics are shooting up in price, households cannot put off their purchases or buy something cheaper.Second, although prices are going up for everyone, not all families have the same financial buffer against this storm.
What should be done immediately has been sketched out by Labour's Rachel Reeves: a windfall tax on oil and gas companies, with the proceeds going towards the least well-off to help with bills.Labour is also proposing scrapping VAT on fuel bills for a few months, which makes better sense politically than it does in policy terms.The amount households save would be small and financial support should be better targeted.
Much more of a mistake would be for Whitehall to hand money to utility firms, as has been suggested: that hands money to shareholders rather than to households.Over the longer term, the state needs to build up a much bigger renewables base so that the UK is less dependent on international oil and gas markets.
What doesn't help is for the Bank of England to raise interest rates again, as looks likely.There is no evidence of workers pushing for higher wages, but there are already signs of companies raising their prices in line with their material costs.
A quarter-point increase in the base rate will do nothing to prevent that, nor will it curb fluctuations on international oil markets.All it does is signal a certain complacency on the Bank of England about the prospects for the UK economy, which are not that rosy.The high growth, high productivity miracle promised by the Government just last autumn is being revealed instead as a high-cost, high-inequality failure.
36．What will happen next month according to Ofgem?
[A] Maximum price for heating bills will be increased.
[B] The number of energy company bosses will double.
[C] British workers will have less real wages.
[D] The inflation will hit a new high.
37．The author think the proposal put forward by the Labour Party__________.
[A] makes better sense in policy terms
[B] should provide financial support for households
[C] will benefit politicians rather than British households
[D] is supposed to scrap VAT on fuel bills for a few months
38．Why should UK build up a bigger renewables base?
[A] To increase benefits to British households.
[B] To reduce its dependency on international oil and gas.
[C] To provide more funds to British households.
[D] To correct the mistake of handing money to utility firms.
39．If Bank of England raises interest rates, the potential consequence is that__________.
[A] the wages for workers will be pushed up
[B] fluctuations on international oil markets will be curbed
[C] the future of the UK economy will be improved
[D] the prices of goods and services will go up
40．What is the author's attitude toward the Government's promise?
[A] Critical.
[B] Indifferent.
[C] Appreciative.
[D] Cautious.
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
[A] Schedule tasks to match your energy flow
[B] Eliminate unimportant work
[C] Make use of Parkinson's Law
[D] Have efficient meetings
[E] Look for ways to minimize distractions
[F] Set up your workspace
[G] Leverage time-management strategies
Most people want to be more productive.But the trick is to learn how to get more done in less time, without sacrificing quality.In this article, we'll introduce the methods you can adopt to do this.
41．________________________
It's important to have a healthy and comfortable workstation.Start by making sure that your desk and chair are comfortable.Your workstation should be well lit, and heated or cooled appropriately.It should also inspire you, so it should be somewhere you enjoy being! Next, reduce background noise: distractions negatively affect productivity.Shut your office door or wear headphones to get some peace and quiet.Last, make sure that you have all of the resources you need to work efficiently before you sit at your desk.
42．________________________
All of us have certain times when we're more engaged, just as there are periods when our energy naturally falls, making it more difficult to stay on task.Schedule in difficult tasks, or those that require a lot of focus, when your energy level is up.To refresh yourself during your low-energy periods, drink water, take a brisk walk outside, or—where possible—spend a few minutes meditating.
43．________________________
Not all tasks are created equal.Start by keeping an Activity Log to understand how you spend time every day.After a week or two, look at each of your tasks carefully.Which ones help you to achieve organizational and career goals? And which of them, really, are a waste of time? If you identify tasks that aren't a priority but still need doing, you could delegate them to someone else.When you work on activities that are important, resist the urge to multitask.
44．________________________
Start by managing your email with productivity in mind.Only check your inbox at certain points during the day.This limits distractions and allows you to manage your workflow more efficiently.Next, be aware of Parkinson's Law, which means: If you schedule two hours for an activity, then you'll often find that it takes two hours to do.However, if you only give yourself an hour, chances are you'll be much more focused and finish it in the allotted time.Also, some people work faster when they know that they're accountable to someone else.You can use this to your advantage by asking another team member to set a deadline for you.
45．________________________
Professors Nicholas Romano and Jay Nunamaker found that professionals spend 25 to 80 percent of their time in meetings.You likely fall somewhere in the middle of this range, which still means that you're in meetings for a large part of your working week.When scheduling the meeting, give yourself half as much time as you think you'll need.If you believe that you need an hour, allow 30 minutes.Following Parkinson's Law, you'll focus better if you know that you're working to a tighter timescale.
46．Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
Employees want to grow.It's no longer a lifetime commitment to an employer, but if your people stay an extra year or two, everyone benefits.We've long known that employee development is a key contributor to attracting and retaining talent.Growing people and offering them more opportunities can no longer be a simple HR goal.It's table stakes for a new employee value proposition (EVP) which includes work-life balance, stability, respect, and, the most importantly, growth.
In an uncertain talent environment where it's not always possible to find, hire and keep the high-performing people, talent development offers a mechanism to create more stability.This practice not only improves existing employees retention but also makes your organization a desirable destination for those actively seeking growth, success, and belonging.And with more companies than ever telling us that talent issues are rising to the operational/executive level, this is the perfect time to make this priority.
47．Directions:
The national university marathon, which was scheduled for next week in your university, will be cancelled.Write a notice to inform the contestants to
1) explain the reasons, and
2) make new arrangements.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name.Use “Li Ming” instead.(10 points)
48．Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart blow.In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．D 10．A 11．A 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C 16．B 17．C 18．A 19．C 20．D
Part A （40 points）
21．C 22．A 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．D 28．A 29．A 30．B 31．B 32．B 33．A 34．B 35．D 36．A 37．C 38．B 39．D 40．A
Part B （10 points）
41．F 42．A 43．B 44．G 45．D
雇员们希望成长。（雇员们）虽不再终生效力于一位雇主，但如果你的员工多待一两年，人人都会受益。我们早就明白，员工发展是吸引人才并留住人才的一个关键因素。培养员工并为他们提供更多机遇，不再是一个简单的人力资源目标。新的员工价值主张的筹码包括工作与生活的平衡、稳定性、尊重，以及最重要的部分，成长。
在一个不确定的人才环境中，并不总能发现、雇用并留住表现优秀的人才，而人才发展则提供了一种机制，以便带来更多的稳定性。这种做法不仅可以提高现有员工的留用率，而且能使你的机构成为一个理想的地方，吸引着那些积极寻求成长、成功和归属感的人。随着比以往更多的公司向我们表示，人才问题正在上升到运营/管理的高度，这正是优先考虑这一问题的最佳时机。
（见解析册）