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1．答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2．考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。
3．选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4．填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5．考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
Is there a best way to become wealthy in the U.S.? The most likely way to 1 your goal is to try to get into a line of work that's hard to get into, particularly if the people in that profession are the ones 2 the rules for entry.
3 , if you want to become rich, tech may be a less likely way than you suppose.In 2019, about 2.4 percent of software developers 4 it to the top one percent of earners.As the economist Jonathan Rothwell points out in his superb book, “A Republic of Equals,” as of 2015 there were nearly eight times as many software developers in this country as there were dentists, 5 nearly as many dentists in the top one percent as there were software developers.
The 6 are also against you if you go into the STEM professions.The arts aren't so hot either. 7 just among people who manage to make a living as an actor, a director or a producer, a few made it to the tippy top.
What's wrong with all these professions? That's 8 : These are highly competitive, innovative and productive 9 where global competition drives down earnings.You want to go into a profession protected by 10 professional organizations and state legislators who will 11 you from global competition and productivity growth.
So what profession is most likely to get you rich? Medicine! What's 12 that? First, there's our 13 health care system in which nearly 18 percent of gross domestic product flows into medicine and 14 toward a relatively small number of doctors.Second, there are huge 15 of entry into that profession—including, of course, the strenuous education that's required.The number of medical school students is 16 .In 2018-2019, according to relative data, 17 41 percent of applicants who applied to medical school actually got into one.Plus, a 1997 federal law 18 the number of residency slots that Medicare funds would support.
Once you've made some money, there's one more way to get richer.Buy a home in a (an) 19 with a lot of zoning restrictions.These restrictions keep the supply of housing low and 20 the value of homes for people wealthy enough to already own one.
1．[A] arrive [B] reach [C] overcome [D] establish
2．[A] obeying [B] accepting [C] setting [D] violating
3．[A] After all [B] Above all [C] In consequence [D] For example
4．[A] pushed [B] got [C] made [D] advanced
5．[A] so [B] and [C] but [D] if
6．[A] odds [B] misfortune [C] hardship [D] poverty
7．[A] Even [B] Indeed [C] However [D] Meanwhile
8．[A] rational [B] simple [C] logical [D] rare
9．[A] industries [B] conditions [C] constructs [D] instruments
10．[A] nominal [B] intense [C] durable [D] strong
11．[A] conceal [B] hide [C] depart [D] shield
12．[A] below [B] over [C] behind [D] upon
13．[A] screwed-up [B] well-informed [C] self-evident [D] built-in
14．[A] unconsciously [B] indestructibly [C] indefinitely [D] disproportionately
15．[A] ditches [B] barriers [C] margins [D] distances
16．[A] substantial [B] unknown [C] unspecified [D] limited
17．[A] dramatically [B] noticeably [C] only [D] delightfully
18．[A] prolonged [B] capped [C] enlarged [D] accelerated
19．[A] neighborhood [B] alliance [C] association [D] club
20．[A] stabilize [B] raise [C] drop [D] place
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)
Your emotions help you make sense of the world.At the core of an emotion is a subjective experience of the valence of it—what emotion scientists call “affect.” Regardless of your situation, your emotions are quick to weigh in, and generally speaking, affect is what we are most focused on.Do you have chocolate cake in front of you? That's good! Do you see a spider on the table? That's bad!
Your affective reactions tell you which experiences are desirable, and which aren't, but the total emotional experience includes what your body does, what thoughts you have, the context you are in and sensitive to, your urges, and your motivation.Emotions aren't a simple guide but you can learn a lot by observing and describing them.You can learn a lot by appreciating their secret life.
The problem is this: The affective features of emotions tend to dominate.Our subjective valence of emotion is almost all we can see.When emotions are only about what is pleasant or unpleasant in subjective experience right now, the more important features of emotion disappear.
If you can slow down and expand; if you stop running or clinging and adopt a sense of curiosity, emotions become more nuanced and differentiated.When fear comes up, don't just walk away so that fear dissipates .Instead, stay.Allow yourself to feel the nervousness, the churning of your stomach, the weak knees, the sweating, and everything else that comes along with it.It's one of the hardest things to do in life, but it's also one of the most rewarding.If you run, you are telling basic parts of your brain, “I guess this threat really was real.I better crank up the emotional lever, so I'm protected next time.” You are training yourself to fear, regardless of that situation.If you cling, you are saying, “Change from this emotion is a threat” and since that is itself not a happy place to be, happiness slips through your hands like sand.
Note that you cannot fool yourself.If you open up to an emotion in order to get rid of it, you will be disappointed.Allow the full emotion—without ifs or buts.They have a role to play that is richer and far more interesting than their subjective valence in the present.
You will never enter into their secret life until you stop running or clinging.If you want healthy control of your life, you need to actively train your emotions to be your ally.Observe.Describe.Appreciate.Do that and you may find you have allies for healthy living that were there all along.
21．In the first paragraph, chocolate cake and spider are mentioned to show__________.
[A] the goodness and badness of the world
[B] the subjective experience of emotions
[C] the complex response of emotions
[D] the significance of emotions in life
22．What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
[A] It is much easier to observe and describe emotions.
[B] The more important traits of emotions are hard to see.
[C] The subjective and objective experience are mixed.
[D] The pleasant and unpleasant feelings are important.
23．The word “dissipates” (Para.4) is closest in meaning to__________.
[A] vanishes
[B] diffuses
[C] differs
[D] sharpens
24．According to the author, what is the problem if you run when fear comes up?
[A] Running makes you confident next time when facing real fear.
[B] Running will make you feel threatened and fearful next time.
[C] Running from fear is a threat to the basic parts of our brain.
[D] Running is the least rewarding response in our brain.
25．The text mainly discusses__________.
[A] the subjective experience of emotions
[B] how to find allies for our healthy living
[C] magical functions of emotions in our life
[D] getting into the secret life of emotions
Talking to Gen Z about tech overuse isn't exactly groundbreaking.We all recognize the impact of daily device usage on our health, well-being and ability to focus.One day, we'll look at social media use the way we now view smoking, a friend argues—we know it's bad for us, but we might need a little help to quit.
Popular social media and online dating platforms are designed for addiction.By maintaining a Snapchat streak or posting your vacation photos on Instagram, you're rewarded with a flood of hearts on your screen or a little flame emoji, and you're conditioned to do it again and again.
But beyond app design, the reasons we can't seem to detach ourselves from unhealthy cycles with social media are more complex, and probably linked to a lack of access to in-person social interaction.For many members of Gen Z, most of our human interactions—everything from dating to brainstorming client strategy—now happen at least partially online.It's certainly not the case for everyone: Many young people have thriving social lives and use their phones only to send quick texts or to figure out their next move for the night.But many others feel powerless to resist the pull of the phone—if everyone else is online, being offline often means being alone.
It sometimes seems social media has turned everyone into an armchair psychologist, bringing awareness and language to some of the same mental health issues it aggravates.For example, “Dopamine detoxing” is a recent trend that aims to reset your brain's reward center by giving it a break from things that usually give you a dopamine rush—social media included.Stanford neuroscientist Andrew Huberman's podcast episodes on dopamine have garnered millions of YouTube views, striking a chord with people seeking to improve their mood and increase focus in a distracting, overstimulating world.
Gen Zers have already taken some impressive steps to solve our own problems with social media and tech overuse.Take Royce Branning, for example, a founder of clearspace, an app that helps people control their “doomscrolling” sessions and reduce their screen time.Or check out the projects found at LookUp.live, a firm that supports Gen Z's efforts to create a technologically healthier future.They include online movements to encourage teens and college students to delete or take break from their social media accounts.
Tech-based solutions to tech-based problems are only half the story.Like with smoking and secondhand smoke, there are externalities to using the internet as the primary way we spend our time with others—namely, fewer in-person opportunities for connection, fewer unexpected conversations with strangers and fewer “no phone” events.Today, recent grads vow that they will keep the next generation from taking up bad habits.But if we can muster up the courage and support to quit for ourselves before then? Even better.
26．The author mentions smoking in Paragraph 1 to illustrate that__________.
[A] it is the leading cause of some fatal illnesses
[B] its impact on health has not been fully realized
[C] social media use is hard to quit
[D] tech overuse is more harmful than smoking addiction
27．People are obsessed with social media because__________.
[A] they will obtain financial reward from using apps
[B] there are fewer offline chances for connection
[C] they like to share their social lives on social media
[D] youngsters long for communication with new people
28．It is indicated in Paragraph 4 that people__________.
[A] strike a chord with the neuroscientists
[B] develop an awareness of dopamine
[C] turn themselves into psychologists
[D] make efforts to quit social media overuse
29．Gen Zers try to solve the problem by__________.
[A] creating a new application to control their screen time
[B] finding a space to maintain motivation and focus
[C] supporting a proposal to delete all social media accounts
[D] protesting against the addictive design of social media
30．What does the author argue in the last paragraph?
[A] Social media addiction should be quit immediately.
[B] Applications should be put under strict supervision.
[C] Rules need to be set to diversify online platforms.
[D] In-person social interaction rights should be protected.
Everyone knows that data are worth something.The biggest companies in the world base their businesses on them.Artificial-intelligence algorithms consume them in large amounts.But data are not like normal traded goods and services, such as apples and haircuts.They can be used time and again, like public goods.They also have spillover effects, both positive, such as helping to improve health care, and negative, such as breaches of personal information.That makes them far from easy to value.
A new report, led by Diane Coyle, an economist at the University of Cambridge, attempts to address this by understanding the value of data and who stands to benefit from it.She says market prices often do not ascribe full value to data because, in many cases, trading is too thin.Moreover, while much of society's emphasis is on the dangers of misuse of personal data, the report chooses to highlight data's contribution to “the broad economic well-being of all of society.” That gives it a much deeper value than a simple monetary one.
She outlines a variety of data types and uses.Some may be more useful in aggregate, others for individual purposes.For example, a patient's medical records may be most valuable when they are combined with everyone else's, while web-browsing history has value when it is used individually to bombard a person with advertisements.Timeliness also matters: phone-location records flowing in real-time for a car GPS-navigation system are useful for ten minutes, while today's retail-sales transactions help forecast next year's demand.
As yet the data economy does not distinguish such features well.Ms.Coyle argues that a new mindset is needed, as well as institutions, such as data trusts, to ensure information is fairly distributed.Personal information should not be regarded through the lens of “ownership” but “access rights,” she says.Hence, people may control how it is used, but should not treat it as a winning ticket to be monetized.
That should apply more broadly, she argues.For governments, the right strategy may be to make data freely accessible.Estimates for the value of open government data range from less than 0.1% to more than 7% of GDP.Companies also should consider privileging access to personal data above ownership of it.Try telling that to the tech giants, though.However, data are valued, they have no doubt about how valuable exclusive control is to them.
31．Data is different from normal traded goods and services in that__________.
[A] their value is difficult to estimate
[B] they can be used repeatedly
[C] AI algorithms feed on them
[D] they have negative effects if misused
32．Speaking of data, society often focuses on__________.
[A] their contribution to social development
[B] their effect on the economic growth
[C] the risk of misuse of personal data
[D] the dangers of losing monetary value
33．The author mentions a patient's medical records to illustrate that some data may__________.
[A] be more valuable for individual purposes
[B] be different in terms of types and uses
[C] make it hard to protect privacy
[D] be more helpful when added together
34．According to Ms.Coyle, a new mindset and institutions are required to__________.
[A] ensure reasonable distribution of information
[B] emphasize the importance of information protection
[C] warn of the ownership of personal information
[D] prevent people from monetizing information
35．It can be learned from the text that government may need to__________.
[A] estimate the value of open data
[B] make data available for free
[C] apply data more broadly
[D] consider ownership of personal data
The resignation of a Cambridgeshire headteacher, Mark Patterson, following a dispute about the amount of money spent on operating costs by the trust that runs his secondary school has placed in the public domain a source of tension more frequently discussed behind closed doors.Top-slicing of school budgets by multi-academy trusts is the way this governance model works.The trusts pool money taken from school budgets to fund themselves and the services they provide.
With school budgets under intense pressure, and nearly half of multi-academy trusts in England in deficit because their income has not risen in line with costs, it is not surprising that negotiations are causing friction.
Patterson said he was leaving Hinchingbrooke School because of “significant concerns” about Aces Academies Trust's management.The amount taken from his school rose to £770,000 in 2021-22 from £383,206 the year before.The trust has rejected what it called “serious accusations” and said expansion plans lay behind the dispute.
It is not difficult to see why the ambitions of a trust and a school might conflict.But by giving up on efforts to make the academy governance model work better overall, ministers have let schools down.Trusts have not lived up to expectations.While some of their schools are very successful, they are overrepresented at the bottom as well as the top of ranking list.That's why the government's 2022 white paper promised to let councils set up their own trusts, and proposed a new minimum of 10 schools.
It is a good thing that the poorly evidenced policy of compulsory academisation was dropped.But by abandoning the bill, the Conservatives also revealed just how few ideas they have got about schools.Reform of school governance lay at the heart of the academies programme.The theory was that old-style governing bodies, with their mixture of parents, staff and other stakeholders, were not doing a professional enough job.Academy trusts, it was thought, would harness a wider range of expertise, crucially bringing on board the private sector.Their schools were meant to outperform the old maintained ones with their local authority ties.
The hope turned out to be false.With 79% of secondary schools and 37% of primaries in England now run as academies, the issue of governance has not gone away.The excessive pay of some trust executives and poor outcomes of some chains, as well as tensions over funding, require policymakers' focused attention.Office for Standards in Education Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted) brought about a proposal to inspect trusts as well as schools.Inexplicably, Conservative ministers refused it.Labour has made this its policy.But it will take more than a few visits from inspectors to sort out the unaddressed problems of the academisation experiment.
36．It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that multi-academy trusts__________.
[A] come into conflict with schools over curriculum planning
[B] pool money to fund themselves and make an investment
[C] draw the authority's attention to its management model
[D] provide services related to the school management
37．What did Aces Academies Trust think of Mark Patterson?
[A] What he said was not in line with the facts.
[B] He was ignorant of the operation of schools.
[C] He didn't make any academic achievements.
[D] There were several inconsistencies in his words.
38．According to Paragraph 4, the government's promise is to__________.
[A] acclaim the trust's performance
[B] cancel the academy governance model
[C] provide adequate financial support
[D] cater to the needs of local authority
39．The reform of school governance was implemented on the hypothesis that__________.
[A] the policy of compulsory academisation would be widely embraced
[B] the government had sufficient funding to achieve its educational ambitions
[C] the traditional governing bodies had harmonious and effective communication
[D] the academy trusts would improve school governance standards with professional
knowledge
40．Which of the following is true of Ofsted's suggestion?
[A] It has been carried out by the government.
[B] It will fail to address the current problems.
[C] It brings all schools under the same regulatory framework.
[D] It will hinder the academisation experiment.
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
[A] Find an acceptable way to express gratitude
[B] Help someone
[C] Have a short “recession” every day
[D] Make a joy bucket list
[E] Look for connection
[F] Incorporate daily habits you look forward to
[G] Dance it out
During these past few years, many people have struggled to find even the tiniest glints of joy.But experts say that incorporating just a little bit of joy into our lives can enhance well-being by reducing the risk of chronic illness, strengthening the immune system, and combatting stress.Even if you're not full of joy right now, you can start shoring up your reserves.Unlike some other emotions, experiencing joy often depends on preparing for it, rather than spontaneously feeling it, says Philip C.Watkins, a professor of psychology at Eastern Washington University.Filling your life with meaningful goals and purpose is essential, Watkins notes, as is cultivating an open mindset.Here are a few ways to achieve small moments of joy every day, no matter what's happening:
41．________________________
Robin Shear, a life coach based in Detroit, has an emergency plan for those inevitable times when everything feels awful.Instead of sinking into a depression, she turns to her “joy bucket list,” a list of all the things that make her happy: test-driving fast cars and sharing new experiences with her family.She suggests others do the same, storing it in their phone or some other easily accessible place.“If you already did the work and made your list on a scrap of paper, you'll find it's much less challenging,” she says.
42．________________________
Every morning, Deborah J.Cohan, a sociology professor at the University of South Carolina, has a cup of coffee in a colorful mug.She begins looking forward to it the evening before.“I think there's something about joy that's multisensory,” says Cohan.“You smell it, you taste it, you see it—it's a heightened sensory experience.” Think about ways to schedule pleasurable habits into your day.Then feel the anticipation of them, because that's part of the magic.
43．________________________
Research has long found that gratitude fuels well-being.But if keeping a gratitude journal isn't a path to joy for you, think about other creative ways to reflect on and appreciate the good parts of your life—like finding one small thing that's good about every day, even on a bad day.
44．________________________
When Nora Mclnerny, host of the podcast Terrible, Thanks for Asking , gets lost in a black hole of gloominess, she seeks connection.A quick phone call with a loved one is enough to lift her up; so is catching someone's eye on a walk or mailing a friend a card.“Whatever I can do to feel connected to other people is really helpful,” she says.
45．________________________
Look for an opportunity to give back, in even a small way: by planting a tree, donating blood, or contributing to a friend's online fundraiser.“It can help us get out of our scary little minds and into something that's more important,” says Melanie Harth, a psychologist based in Santa Fe, N.M.“And it can also help catalyze an unexpected moment of joy.You never know when that's going to happen.”
46．Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
Do you compare how you look to people you follow on Instagram? Or maybe you compare your salary to what your friend earns.Social comparison theory explains that making comparisons is natural.But it isn't likely to help boost your self-confidence.It may even have the opposite effect.A 2018 study published in Personality and Individual Differences found a direct link between envy and the way we feel about ourselves.Specifically, researchers noted that when people compare themselves to others, they experience envy.And the more envy they have, the worse they feel about themselves.
How do you build self-confidence when you notice that you are drawing comparisons? First, remind yourself that doing so isn't helpful.Everyone is running their own race and life isn't a competition.If you're feeling envious of someone else's life, it's also helpful to remember your own strengths and successes.Keep a gratitude journal to better recall the areas in life where you are blessed.This can help you focus on your own life versus focusing on the lives of others.
47．Directions:
Suppose you happen to see a recruitment advertisement for a Sales Manager Assistant in a website of a company.Write the company an email to
1) apply for the position, and
2) state your qualifications.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name.Use “Li Ming” instead.(10 points)
48．Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 16．D 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．B
Part A （40 points）
21．B 22．B 23．A 24．B 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．A 31．A 32．C 33．D 34．A 35．B 36．D 37．A 38．D 39．D 40．B
Part B （10 points）
41．D 42．F 43．A 44．E 45．B
你会将自己的外貌与Instagram上关注的人进行比较吗？或者，你可能会拿自己的工资和朋友的收入进行比较。根据社会比较理论的解释，与别人比较是很自然的事情。但这不可能有助于增强你的自信。它甚至可能产生截然相反的结果。2018年发表于《人格与个体差异》的一项研究发现，嫉妒和我们对自己的感觉之间存在直接联系。具体而言，研究人员们指出，当人们将自己与他人进行比较时，就会产生嫉妒感。嫉妒感越强，对自己就越不满意。
当你注意到自己在进行比较时，该如何建立自信呢？首先要提醒自己这样做无济于事。每个人都有自己的赛道，而生活并不是一场竞赛。如果你嫉妒他人的生活，记住自身的优势和成功才是有益的。坚持写感恩日志，以便更好地回忆生活中你得到祝福之处。这有助于你专注于自己的生活，而不是关注别人的生活。
（见解析册）