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（科目代码：204）
1．答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2．考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。
3．选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4．填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5．考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
When in need of some guidance, most people immediately look for an expert on the topic. 1 , that person's advice may not be any more helpful.“Skillful performance and skillful teaching are not always the same thing, so we shouldn't expect the best performers to necessarily be the best teachers 2 ,” said David Levari, author of a recent Psychological Science article. 3 two experiments, he found that top performers don't give 4 better advice than other performers, at least in some domains. 5 , they just give more of it.
In the first experiment, he 6 to determine whether people believe an advisor's performance is a robust 7 of the quality of their advice.More than 1,100 participants were told they would be playing a game called Word Scramble and then answering questions about it.Shown a board of letters, participants were given 60 seconds to 8 as many words as possible.Participants played three rounds, and each round 9 a different assortment of letters.The researcher then asked participants to 10 which advisors they would prefer to receive advice 11 to improve their performance. 12 , participants showed a strong preference for the best performers, 13 how the question was asked.
In the second experiment, the researcher 14 whether the best performers did indeed give the best advice.He asked 100 “advisors” to play six rounds of Word Scramble, write advice for future players, and 15 the quality of their own advice.The best performers believed they had given the best advice possible.In the same experiment, another 2,085 participants were 16 assigned to either an advice or a no-advice condition.After playing one round of Word Scramble, participants in the advice condition received direction from a random advisor, then played five more rounds.The no-advice participants played six rounds without 17 .Advisees performed better after receiving advice, and they tended to perform better with each 18 round.But the advice from the best performers was no more helpful, on average, than the advice from the other performers.
“People seem to mistake 19 for quality,” the researcher wrote.“My studies suggest that at least in some instances, people may 20 advice from top performers.”
1．[A] Moreover [B] However [C] Therefore [D] Besides
2．[A] as well [B] at most [C] above all [D] in turn
3．[A] Through [B] Beyond [C] Within [D] Upon
4．[A] over [B] in [C] up [D] out
5．[A] Rather [B] Thus [C] Otherwise [D] Even
6．[A] set aside [B] set out [C] set back [D] set upon
7．[A] debate [B] recovery [C] indicator [D] growth
8．[A] mention [B] form [C] understand [D] translate
9．[A] calculated [B] tested [C] featured [D] invented
10．[A] choose [B] exclude [C] contempt [D] hate
11．[A] to [B] on [C] from [D] under
12．[A] Occasionally [B] Predictably [C] Fortunately [D] Eventually
13．[A] along with [B] rather than [C] due to [D] regardless of
14．[A] explored [B] concluded [C] enrolled [D] neglected
15．[A] protect [B] ignore [C] maintain [D] rate
16．[A] randomly [B] frequently [C] incidentally [D] probably
17．[A] hesitation [B] doubt [C] feedback [D] permission
18．[A] imminent [B] previous [C] subsequent [D] final
19．[A] expectation [B] quantity [C] advantage [D] figure
20．[A] overvalue [B] overtake [C] overbalance [D] overturn
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)
Betsy Holden was vice-president of strategy and new products at Kraft, a giant food company, when she became pregnant for the second time.“No one has ever done the job with two children,” her male boss worried.“How many children do you have?” Ms.Holden asked.“Two,” he replied.
This double standard is only one of the barriers that female executives face, as recounted in “Power Moms”, a new book by Joann Lublin, a former Wall Street Journal columnist.The author focuses on two waves of female leaders.The first group were the baby-boomers, born between 1946 and 1964．These were often the only women in upper man-agement at their firms.They faced a lot of pressure to be hands-on mothers, had little support from their husbands and were reluctant to ask for reduced schedules for fear of not seeming committed to their jobs.
The second wave of women, born between 1974 and 1985, had female colleagues in upper management, expected (and usually received) support from their spouses, and benefited from employer perks, such as maternity leave and flexible working.This later generation has mastered the “work-life sway” in which they move back and forth between their personal and professional lives in the course of a day, conducting a meeting before taking their children for a check-up and then returning to the office.
A Harvard Business School study shows that adult daughters of employed mothers are more likely to hold supervisory responsibility and earn higher incomes while sons are likely to spend more time caring for family members.And companies are now much more willing to promote women, who make up more than a fifth of senior executive positions in American firms, compared with just 10% in 1996．A few are exceptionally accommodating, for example providing rooms where mothers can express milk, sinks to wash the breast pump and even courier services to deliver the milk when they are away on a business trip.
Despite the advances made by female executives, things are even more difficult for the vast majority of working mothers.Many work in smaller businesses, where maternity benefits and flexible hours are less likely to be available.The author writes that “nothing is more essential to an employed mother's professional success than reliable high-quality child care”, and for many women who are not executives, this is a constant headache.
It is good news that many more women have climbed the corporate ladder.There needs to be a lot more progress made in helping the vast majority of women to juggle their home and work lives, not least by providing affordable child care.
21．Betsy Holden's story is cited because__________.
[A] she had a common topic of child care with her boss
[B] she was a brilliant female senior executive at Kraft
[C] she felt totally inadequate as a parent of two kids
[D] it represents the barriers that female leaders encounter
22．The first wave of female leaders is characterized by their__________.
[A] having female colleagues in upper management
[B] husbands sharing household duties with them
[C] willingness to take on their already saturated workload
[D] having a carefree attitude toward life
23．Which of the following is true about the second wave of women?
[A] They had little support from their husbands.
[B] They were the majority of the management.
[C] They can balance the work and life.
[D] They mastered some professional skills.
24．Which of the following is true about adult daughters of employed mothers?
[A] They are more likely to earn an insufficient salary.
[B] They tend to spare more time caring for family members.
[C] They are more possible to undertake supervisory obligations.
[D] There is a great possibility for them to get promoted.
25．The most important thing to an employed mother is__________.
[A] professional training
[B] maternity benefits
[C] flexible hours
[D] children supervision
The biggest success of the fossil fuel industry's decades-long campaign to push doubt about climate science is that it forced the conversation about the climate crisis to centre on science.
It's not that we didn't need scientific research into climate change, or that we don't need plenty more of it.But at this moment, “believe science” is too high a bar for something that demands urgent action.Believing science requires understanding it in the first place.In the US, the world's second-biggest carbon polluter, fewer than 40% of the population are college-educated and in many states, schools in the public system don't have climate science on the curriculum.So where should this belief—strong enough to push for large-scale social and behavioral change—be rooted exactly?
People don't need to know anything at all about climate science to know that a profound injustice has occurred here that needs to be righted.It's not a scientific story, it's a story of fairness: people with more power and money than you used information about climate change to shore up their own prospects and told you not to worry about it.That story is backed up by not only the internal memos of various oil companies, and the discrepancies between those internal communications and what they were telling the public, but also by their patents.For example, in 1973, Exxon secured a patent for an oil tanker that could easily navigate a melting Arctic.
Lori French's family fish for crab in the coast of California, who signed on to support a lawsuit by their trade association against the 30 largest oil companies in the world for their role in delaying action on climate.They were shown various documents detailing how the fossil fuel industry had been preparing to not just weather climate impacts but continue to profit as the glaciers melted.For French, it didn't really matter whether climate change was caused by burning fossil fuels or natural planetary force.She sidestepped the origin story of climate change but focused on the injustice inherent in preparing your own business for trouble while telling everyone else not to worry.
Climate crisis is not a scientific or technical problem, it is an issue of justice and political will.Acting on it calls into question not just our energy source, but our power structures, catalyzing widespread social change.The only thing that's ever really succeeded in doing that are public outcries over blatant injustice and a demand for change.If progressives and climate activists want to have any hope of spurring the kind of movement necessary to shift political and economic interests away from fossil fuels, it's time to put aside “believe science” and instead embrace a broad fight for justice.
26．After decades-long efforts, the fossil fuel industry__________.
[A] confirmed its responsibility for climate change
[B] contributed greatly in climate action
[C] shaped the public opinion on climate crisis
[D] made Americans fully aware of climate science
27．The author holds that “believe science”__________.
[A] is totally unnecessary
[B] is not the key issue
[C] should take root
[D] flourishes among students
28．By referring to Exxon, the author intends to show__________.
[A] the injustice in climate crisis
[B] its monopoly in navigating a melting Arctic
[C] the oil companies won't tell the public the truth
[D] various internal memos are precious
29．According to the author, widespread social change can only be achieved by__________.
[A] public's belief in government
[B] people's protest against unfairness
[C] the movement in fossil fuel industry
[D] scientific innovation
30．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Just “Following the Science” Won't Promote Climate Justice
[B] Americans Are Ignorant about Climate Science
[C] The Belief in Science May Save the Climate Crisis
[D] Oil Companies Are Hiding the Truth
Founded as the London Mechanics' Institute in 1823, Birkbeck—which since 1920 has been part of the University of London—belongs to a rich tradition of which Britain should be proud.Birkbeck's mission was to extend the Enlightenment to working people.Dr.George Birkbeck gave lectures to craftspeople, but the new colleges were not limited to technical education.They also taught arts, science and philosophy.Birkbeck admitted women decades before the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.
That precious legacy is now in jeopardy.Citing financial pressures, the college's bosses propose to cut up to a quarter of all teaching staff from departments including English and geography, plus up to a third of administrators.The pattern is being mirrored elsewhere.Universities that were committed to levelling up long have shut or shrunk courses that don't fit the government's narrowing agenda.
These colleges are the places with the longest traditions of teaching working-class men and women, often part-time and in the evenings, sometimes as mature students returning to education years after leaving school.Wolver-hampton, Roehampton and Aberystwyth are among others with similar roots.At a time when ministers are seemingly committed to redistributing opportunities towards people and areas that have traditionally had fewer, it is unreasonable that these kinds of institutions are suffering.Bloated salaries (Birkbeck's vice-chancellor, David Latchman, earned £380,000 in 2020) make decisions to impose cuts even less acceptable.
Specifics may vary but, generally, course closures are blamed on deficits combined with falling demand.This followed the decision in 2016 to lift caps on student numbers, which freed the most prestigious universities to recruit more, but meant places elsewhere went unfilled.It was a crude measure designed to increase market pressures on an already fragile sector.As well as ongoing issues with underfunding, universities were hit hard by Brexit, which continues to affect research, admissions and recruitment.
Higher and further education have a vital role to play in addressing chronic skill shortages, particularly in health and care.But universities making cuts too often appear to lack any strategic vision or sense of accountability to staff, students and wider society.Undermining the humanities is not a substitute for workforce planning, or a stimulus to innovation.Given the unquestionable importance of culture and creativity to the economy, it is more likely to dampen growth—while increasing polarisation, as young people from better-off backgrounds hold on to chances that are denied to others.
Dr.Birkbeck and his free-thinking supporters were right.Access to knowledge is a social good.The former mechanics' institutes should be cherished.That doesn't mean preserving them unchanged.It does mean making long-term plans that can stand up to scrutiny.Currently, the stewardship by both ministers and managers looks far too messy.
31．According to Paragraph 1, Birkbeck aimed to__________.
[A] help working people get better education
[B] promote equality in technical education
[C] set an example for Britain education system
[D] offer all types of academic discipline
32．Birkbeck's cherished tradition is now in danger because of__________.
[A] the government's controversy
[B] the lack of funds
[C] its overstaffed problem
[D] its poor management
33．We can learn from Paragraph 3 that the government measures to improve equality of opportunities are__________.
[A] self-contradictory
[B] practicable
[C] satisfactory
[D] drastic
34．Removing the restriction on student numbers leads to__________.
[A] more students in universities
[B] the unfairness of the market
[C] financial pressure on colleges
[D] higher salaries for staff
35．Universities imposing cuts too often appear to__________.
[A] solve the financial problem
[B] encourage the innovation
[C] refuse to accept their responsibilities
[D] have an efficient management
As the nation hurtles toward a critical election, the fate of U.S.democracy is complicated by another pressure: the public's low esteem of the media.Trust in the news is at record lows, especially among conservatives, and local news is at risk of dying out completely.
Isn't that the case, repeated in poll after poll and bemoaned by experts? That sad state hangs over everything, because democracy depends on an agreed-upon set of facts, a free press to discover them and a public square where citizens can find compromise over their differences.But if you look more closely, the reality isn't so simple—or so terrible.There is far more trust in journalism these days than people often contend.
Indeed, there are signs of crisis.By Gallup's count, only 34 percent of Americans have even a “fair amount” of trust and confidence that the media reports the news “fully, accurately and fairly.” But ask the same question with only a slight variation, and the results look quite different.At the research firm NORC at the University of Chicago, we give people five possible answers to the question—a so-called five-point scale, rather than the four-point scale Gallup uses.By this method, more than half of Americans—55 percent—trust the press's accuracy.
There is even ample evidence that Americans still share a public square where they can find common facts—at least at the local level.Fifty-two percent told NORC that the sources they rely on for news are local TV news stations, apps, websites or news alerts.An additional 24 percent cited local newspaper content.Those findings are reinforced by Pew data, which finds majorities of both conservatives and liberals trusting the accuracy of the information they get from local news outlets.
Another set of terrible assumptions involves millennials and Gen Z.If the news industry is shifting from advertising to subscriptions, doesn't that spell another crisis for the press? Young people accustomed to getting everything free online, particularly through social platforms, won't pay for news, will they? Again the data might surprise you.The Media Insight Project found that 60 percent of people younger than 40 already pay for or donate to news in some way.
The point is that we should be wary of generalizations and monolithic assumptions when thinking about how to rebuild the infrastructure for a responsible press and about how that press should operate.There's a lot we still don't know.Journalism is in crisis, but until we learn more about the precise nature of the problem, we can't take the right steps to fix it—and give our democracy the informational foundation it needs to thrive.
36．According to the first two paragraphs, the public's low esteem of the media______.
[A] mirrors the collapse of democracy
[B] highlights social media's role
[C] is an exaggerated narrative
[D] shows conservatives' hatred of news
37．It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that NORC______.
[A] conducts its survey on a 5-point scale
[B] draws a conclusion far from the truth
[C] confirms the press crisis in America
[D] highly praises the accuracy of national news
38．Pew data is cited to show that_______.
[A] Americans like to discuss international affairs in a public square
[B] all local American people rely on their TV news stations
[C] conservatives and liberals differ in their feelings about local news
[D] it coincides with NORC's survey findings
39．What can be learned about millennials and Gen Z?
[A] They get everything for free.
[B] They have low trust in the press.
[C] They are willing to pay for news.
[D] They prefer newspapers with ads on them.
40．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Be wary of the crisis of trust in the U.S.media
[B] Americans don't hate the media as you think
[C] How a responsible press should operate
[D] How to counter hate speech on social media
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
The title of the exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1974 was definitive : “The Destruction of the Country House, 1875-1975”.A gallery was lined with pictures of some of the 1,200 mansions that had been demolished in a century—victims of urbanisation, tax and neglect.One thing was clear: never again would the ruling elite build buildings like Trentham, which the Shah of Persia told the future king Edward VII should cost its owner, the Duke of Sutherland, his head on the grounds that it was “too grand for a subject”.
That obituary now requires an afterword.Stonemasons' chisels are once again chipping away at the top of long driveways as a new generation of moneyed Britons commissions its own stately homes.Rebounding demand has prompted a steady supply of architects for whom being a classicist is no longer shameful.“Back in the 1980s if you wanted to build a good-looking classical building…there were about two or three architects in the country who could do that,” says George Saumarez Smith, an architect.“Now there are lots.”
Just as the status symbols of old were often built for that generation's new-riches, so are today's new-builds.“The peak of a lot of people's ambition is to have a country house, and that applies not just to British people, but to people coming to Britain,” says Robert Adam, a classical architect who designed Lea House in Surrey, is currently building two country houses and has three more on order.His clients include self-made financiers, celebrities and Russians.
Steve Gibson, a welder's son who made money in logistics and now owns Middlesbrough Football Club, is typical of the new breed.His home in North Yorkshire will be the county's largest house for 200 years.Christopher Boyle, a lawyer who helps newcomers obtain planning permission, likens them to “the riches of the 18th century”, who were keen to show off the riches of empire.They are, he says, “people of extremely fine taste, who have found themselves by good fortune to have lots of cash.”
The lack of ancient piles on the market, and the massive heating bills and musty smells they come with, make building from scratch a good option.The new houses' architecture usually offers more than a nod to that of their ancestors.Brutalism is not a style much favoured.Mr Adam likes to lay out several plans for his clients, but “they almost always choose the Palladian one.” Some people regard such houses as mere pastiches, but they are not carbon copies.For instance, whereas previous generations hid their kitchens at the back of the house or below stairs, today's lords of the manor houses like to cook and, according to Mr Saumarez Smith, “want the kitchen in the best part of the house, where they will enjoy good views.”
And though such grand designs could hardly be described as modest, their owners still claim to be.“Normally the first thing clients say is‘we are just an ordinary family and we just want a nice house,’” says Mr Saumarez Smith.
46．Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
When I was 8 years old, I wrote a letter asking President Nixon to do what he could to protect our planet.I didn't know I'd one day go on to lead the agency he founded, the Environmental Protection Agency, or build on that work at Apple.But I saw the impact pollution was having on my community, contaminating our air and water.I knew then, as I know now, that when people's health is at risk, we should do something about it.
At the heart of our concern for the planet should be a concern for people.If we want to avert the worst impacts of climate change, we'll do it by bringing the communities most affected to the table and working together.Equity should be the bedrock of environmental progress.
Climate change and global inequity are far bigger problems than any one company can solve.But I'm inspired by how many are seeing that a healthy planet demands an equitable future.
47．Directions:
Suppose there was a reading session in your university last week.You were assigned to write the meeting minutes.In your minutes, you should record the main contents of the meeting and other relevant information.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name.Use “Li Ming” instead.(10 points)
48．Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart.In your essay, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D 16．A 17．C 18．C 19．B 20．A
Part A （40 points）
21．D 22．C 23．C 24．C 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．A 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．B 35．C 36．C 37．A 38．D 39．C 40．B
Part B （10 points）
41．C 42．F 43．E 44．A 45．G
我8岁的时候给尼克松总统写了封信，要求他尽自己所能来保护我们的星球。我当时不知道有一天我会接着领导他所建立的部门：环保局，或在此基础上开展在苹果公司的工作。但是当时我看到污染正在给我的社区带来影响，污染了我们的空气和水。那时我就知道，正如我现在也确信，当人们的健康受到威胁时，我们应当做些什么。
我们关心这个星球的核心应当是关心人类。如果我们想要避免气候变化带来的最坏的影响，那就要让受影响最严重的社区参与其中，共同协作。公平应当是环境改善的基石。
气候变化和全球不公平问题之大，远不是一家公司可以解决的。但是如此多的人都意识到一个健康的地球需要一个公平的未来，这让我备受鼓舞。
（见解析册）