第四节
应用文

文体解读

应用文是人们日常生活和工作中广泛使用的文体，常见形式有电子邮件、书信、通知、便条、日记、演讲稿等。应用文的写作要点如下：

1. 语言较规范，有特定的语言表达方式，开头和结尾套话较多。

2. 明确要点，如理由、时间、地点、参加人、活动内容等基本信息的传达。

3. 语言以实用为准，力求平实、准确、简洁，句子不要过长，使读者一眼便领会其要点。

4. 不同的文体采用不同的时态，如：日记一般用过去时，通知和请柬一般用现在时和将来时等。

常用模板

模板1 书信

经典考题及满分文赏析

经典考题

假设你是某英语报社的编辑Rina，收到了Li Wei 同学的来信，他在信中诉说了因为肥胖常常遭到同学嘲笑的苦恼，并向你寻求建议。请你根据以下提示给Li Wei回信。

要求：1. 须包括所有要点提示并适当补充，语句通顺，意思连贯；

2. 词数：100词左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

3. 文中不得出现个人真实姓名和校名。

参考词语：laugh at; care about; high-fat food; the more ..., the healthier ...

Dear Li Wei,

I've received your letter and I can understand you. ____________________________________________________

Yours,
Rina

试题审读

本文要求按照所给的提示给Li Wei写一封回信。写作中要包含编辑提出的三方面建议：自信乐观、合理饮食以及适当运动。根据材料内容可知，本文要用一般现在时，人称主要是第一人称单数。注意并列连词的使用及主谓一致问题。

满分文展示

Dear Li Wei,

I have received your letter and I can understand you. You must feel upset when being laughed at for your weight. ^① Here is my advice for you.

Firstly, there is no need to worry about what others think of you. ^② The most important thing is to be confident, as it will give you enough courage to face and overcome your trouble. ^③

Secondly, keep away from high-fat food and eat more fruit and vegetables instead. ^④ Eating healthily is very important for losing weight.

Thirdly, I strongly advise you to do more exercise than before. You'd better get up early in the morning and do some sports regularly.

I hope my advice will be helpful to you.

Yours,
Rina

赏析

① when being laughed at为状语从句的省略结构，相当于when you are being laughed at，表达地道、高级。

② Firstly及下文的Secondly、Thirdly 使文章衔接自然，脉络清晰，层次分明。此外，本句还运用了固定句型there is no need to do ...，恰当、自然。

③ 不定式to be confident作本句的表语，as引导原因状语从句，to face and overcome your trouble作目的状语。本句解释了不要在乎他人看法的原因。

④ instead在此作副词，意为“代替”，和从前的饮食习惯形成对比的变化。

模板2 电子邮件

经典考题及满分文赏析

经典考题

假如你是李华，在网上看到英国Britech公司为正在开发的一款提高英语写作能力的应用软件（APP）征集网友建议。请根据网上的征集信息，用英语给该公司写一封电子邮件。

注意：1. 内容涵盖所有要点，可适当发挥。

2. 词数80左右（已给出文章开头，不计入总词数）。

3. 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。

Dear Sir or Madam,

Thanks for designing an app for English writing. ____________________________________________________

Yours,
Li Hua

试题解读

这是一篇根据英国Britech公司为正在开发的一款提高英语写作能力的应用软件（APP）征集网友建议的短文，征集的要点主要包括：APP的名字、这款APP主要解决什么问题，以及这款APP主要做什么。请根据网上的征集信息，用英语给该公司写一封电子邮件。认真围绕要点组织材料，在此基础上亦可适当发挥。根据材料可知本文主要是应用第一人称，一般现在时态。

满分文展示

Dear Sir or Madam,

Thanks for designing an app for English writing. I'd like to share my ideas here. Could it be named “Writing Made Easy”? ^①

Many of us have trouble in writing. We don't know how to organize ideas, use proper words, and so on. ^② I hope it can help us solve these problems.

Here is my advice on what the app does. ^③ First, it's better to provide some reading materials. The more we read, the better we write. ^④ Second, to develop our writing skills, it's advised to have an online course on the app. Third, there should be an e-teacher who can correct mistakes and offer suggestions. ^⑤

I hope my advice is worth taking. ^⑥

Yours,
Li Hua

赏析

① 反问句的形式来征询意见，使语气婉转、客气。

② how +不定式作know的宾语，该句具体陈述写作中遇到的具体困难。

③ here引导的完全倒装是高级句式，回答了APP是做什么的这一问题。

④ The more ..., the better ...句式，丰富了文章的句式结构。

⑤ there should be句型意为“应该有……”，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词e-teacher。

⑥ 短语be worth doing sth. 意为“值得做某事”。advice is worth taking为固定句式，意为“建议值得采纳”。

模板3 日记

经典考题及满分文赏析

经典考题

假如你是晨光中学的学生李华，平时坚持用英语写日记。请根据以下要点，描述你星期三放学乘地铁回家路上看到的事情，并表达自己的想法。

l.一个男孩不舒服，开始呕吐，一位穿着漂亮的女士帮着擦拭地面，男孩表达感谢。

2.地铁到站，有人挤向座位，有人下不去车，有人因此争吵。

3.你认为……

要求：1.词数：80~100个；

2.日记格式和开头已给出，不计入总词数；

3.要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。

参考词语：开始呕吐 begin to vomit；挤向座位 push towards the seat；争吵 have a quarrel

June 5, Wednesday Sunny

When I took the underground back home from school, I noticed ____________________________________________________

试题解读

这是一篇日记，题目已经给出日记的主要内容。在写这类作文时，要根据短文的中心思想考虑如何开头、展开和结尾，使用一些能承上启下的连词。写时切忌结构分散，废话连篇，严重跑题。因为是日记，所以时态为一般过去时，人称为第一人称。注意作文中必须包含材料中的所有信息，并适当发挥。

满分文展示

June 5, Wednesday Sunny

When I took the underground back home from school, I noticed a boy who didn't feel well. As I was wondering what was wrong with him ^① , he began to vomit. A well-dressed lady ^② helped him clean the floor. And then the boy thanked her for helping. When the underground got to the station, some pushed towards the seat while others couldn't get off. ^③ Therefore, they had a quarrel.

I wish we all can help each other when someone is in trouble and behave well all the time. Only in this way will our world be more beautiful. ^④

赏析

① as引导时间状语从句，what's wrong with him作wonder的宾语，该句为过渡句，使得前后两句衔接自然。

② 形容词well-dressed为高级词汇，本句也可以替换为定语从句a girl who was dressed in beautiful clothes。

③ while在此处作并列连词，表示同时存在的两种事物的对比。该词将有人抢座位、有人下不去车两种现象做了鲜明对比，体现了作者运用词汇能力之强。

④ “only +介词短语”置于句首，构成了部分倒装结构。

模板4 通知

经典考题及满分文赏析

经典考题

假如你是李明，本周日由你组织国际交换生去北京动物园游玩，请用英语拟一份口头通知。内容要点如下：

1. 集合时间、地点：早上9点，动物园入口处；

2. 上午自由参观，可拍照；

3. 下午请动物饲养员做一个报告，五点乘大巴返校；

4. 穿结实的鞋，着装轻便。

要求：1. 文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；

2. 词数：80~100；

3. 内容连贯，不要逐条翻译；

4. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Hello, everyone!

We are going to the Beijing Zoo this Sunday. ___________________________

____________________________________________________

试题解读

本题考查应用文中的口头通知，要求考生以团队负责人李明的身份拟一份口头通知，告知本校的国际交换生周日去北京动物园游玩的相关事宜。写作时要注意口头通知的写作特点，阐明活动的时间、地点、内容以及相关的注意事项。题目中给出了提示信息，写作难度不大，写作时要包含所有提示信息，多用一般将来时，注意内容连贯。

满分文展示

Hello, everyone! Sunny

We are going to the Beijing Zoo this Sunday. Here is something we need to know. Everyone is expected to meet at the gate of the Beijing Zoo before 9:00 a.m. ^① In the morning, we are free to ^② watch tigers, lions, elephants and many other animals. And we are allowed to take photos. ^③ In the afternoon, an animal keeper will give us a talk on the protection of wild animals. Our school bus will wait for us at the gate at 5 p.m. By the way, wearing light clothes, strong shoes and bringing some water will make us more comfortable during the visit. ^④

Wish you have a great time!

赏析

① 短语be expected to do sth.引出了集合的时间、地点，简明准确。

② 词组be free to do sth.交代了“自由参观”事项。

③ 本句使用allow sb. to do sth.的被动语态来阐述学生游玩时对其的要求。

④ 作者使用by the way连接一些出行小贴士，其中用动名词wearing ...和bringing ...作主语，不仅使得语言更简洁，还兼顾了句式的多样性。

模板5 便条

经典考题及满分文赏析

经典考题

假如你是李明，因为天气太冷，你得了重感冒，医生建议你卧床休息两天。为此，你需要写一张假条，向班主任王老师请两天假，并表示自己能够自学，并请老师把作业发到微信（WeChat）上。

要求：1. 包含以上所有要点，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；

2. 词数：60~80词。

Asking for Leave

Dear Mr. Wang,

____________________________________________________

Yours,
Li Ming

试题审读

试题要求李明给班主任王老师写一张请假条，内容包括请假原因、请假时长。请假条是日常生活中常用的一种交流方式，因此试题的体裁和题材都非常贴近学生的生活实际，学生也容易下笔，有话可说。考生可根据试题的要求适当地增添细节。注意人称为第一人称，时态为一般现在时。在写作时，因为是学生向老师请假，所以语气要诚恳。

满分文展示

Asking for Leave

Dear Mr. Wang,

I'm sorry to write the request for leave. ^①

I had a terrible ^② cold and coughed badly ^② because of the cold weather. My doctor advised me to have a good rest at home. ^③ So I'm writing to ask for 2 days' sick leave. ^④

I know it's not good to miss classes, ^⑤ but I have to. ^⑥ And I will do my best to make up for the lessons. Please send the homework to me by WeChat.

I will be very thankful if you approve my application.

Yours,
Li Ming

赏析

① 文章开头点题，符合英语的写作习惯。

②terrible强调感冒的严重性。一来比bad程度更深，二来避免和badly重复。这里表现出考生在写作时字斟句酌。

③ advise sb. to do sth.的短语运用正确。

④ I'm writing ...符合信件书面语的特征，该句为请假条中最常用的一句话，短语ask for sick leave（请病假）的娴熟运用，表明了作者良好的词汇基础。

⑤ it作形式主语，动词不定式to miss classes作真正的主语。表明作者能够熟练地使用英语句式进行表达。

⑥ 这里使用的是省略句，用I have to（miss classes）表达简洁、地道。

模板6 演讲稿

经典考题及满分文赏析

经典考题

假如你是李华，你所在的学校即将开展以“文明礼貌伴我行，争做文明中学生”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请完成下面的演讲稿。内容包括：

1. 列举生活中至少两种不文明现象并写出各自产生的影响；

2. 提出至少三条争做文明中学生的建议；

3. 发出争做文明中学生的号召。

要求：1. 词数80~100，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

2. 文中不能出现真实的学校名称和姓名；

3. 可以适当发挥。

Hello, everyone!

My name is Li Hua. Nowadays, people care more about our grades. In fact, good behavior is as important as good grades. However, ____________________________________________________

I believe we'll be better students as long as we behave ourselves.

That's all. Thanks for listening.

试题审读

该题目属于演讲稿写作。在写作时应紧接开头，根据内容提示列举生活中至少两种不文明现象并写出各自产生的影响，提出至少三条争做文明中学生的建议并发出争做文明中学生的号召。作文中主要用第三人称，主要使用一般现在时，叙述要完整，条理要清晰。

满分文展示

Hello, everyone!

My name is Li Hua. Nowadays, people care more about our grades. In fact, good behavior is as important as good grades. However, some bad behaviors can be seen around us. For example, some students throw rubbish everywhere, which makes the environment worse and worse. ^① Some students are always shouting back angrily to ^② their parents. Gradually the relations between them become bad.

How can we behave well? First, ^③ I think we should be polite and kind to others. Be ready to help others in need. ^④ Second, try to be honest and keep promises. The most important thing is to follow the rules at school or in public. ^⑤

Let's pull together and take action from now on.

I believe we'll be better students as long as we behave ourselves.

That's all. Thanks for listening!

赏析

① which引导非限制性定语从句，且该句中worse and worse作宾语environment的补足语。

② be always doing sth.指“经常做某事”，该短语伴有语气和感情色彩在内，在此表达对学生朝父母怒吼这一不文明行为的不满。

③ 过渡性词语first与下文的second前后照应，使文章衔接自然，脉络清晰，层次分明。

④ 祈使句的运用干脆利落，词组in need作others的后置定语。

⑤ 不定式结构to follow the rules at school or in public作句子的表语，体现了作者深厚的语法功底。 KDAo7sxUeUff+tsEAI8fR/R8McMohGno+YjXMFYH8M+ORMKemq/oUY0x39EpLYRh