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1）Import Trade
It refers to the purchase of goods from a foreign country. Countries import goods which are not produced by them either because of cost disadvantage or because of physical difficulties, or which are not produced in sufficient quantities to meet their requirements.
2）Export Trade
It means the sale of goods to a foreign country. In this trade, the goods are sent outside the country. Below are the 20 countries/districts that earned the highest total dollar amounts in export sales for 2019.
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（www.Exportport.com/types-of-international-trade-and-business/）
Below are the 20 export products that attracted the highest dollar value in sales during 2019.
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（www.Exportport.com/types-of-international-trade-and-business/）
3）Entrepot Trade
When goods are imported from one country and are exported to another country, it is called entrepot trade. Here, the goods are imported not for consumption or sale in the country but for reexporting to a third country. For example, if Turkey imports rubber from Thailand, processes it, and reexports it to another country like Germany, it would be referred to as entrepot trade.
Most countries deal in entrepot because of the following reasons:
·lack of access or direct connection between any two countries;
·better processing or logistical facilities available with a third country;
·absence of a trade agreement between two countries;
·no trade finance in banking facilities available in the importing country.
4）Transit Trade
Transit trade refers to the passage of goods through a third country（for example, Pakistan）for the purpose of transporting them from the manufacturing country（for example, Iran）to the consuming country（for example, India）. For the third country that allows the passage of goods, this trade activity is transit trade.
1）Direct Business
In direct business, the importer places an order with a manufacturer of the exporting country.No help is taken from importing or exporting agency and middlemen too are avoided. Direct business is possible when the manufacturer is known to the importer. The purchase is made at a fixed price and no commission, etc. is to be paid.
2）Consignment Business
Under consignment business, the exporter sends the goods to an agent in the importing country. The goods are received at the risk of the exporter and the consigner（importer）sells the goods at a price decided by the sender. The consigner cannot change the price unless otherwise permitted by the sender. The consigner is allowed a commission on sales and the expenses incurred on the goods.
The details of sales are regularly sent to the sender. The consigner remits the money received on sales to the sender after deducting his commission and expenses. In consignment business, the ownership of goods remains with the principal（the sender of goods）and the consigner acts on his behalf.
3）Indent Firms
There are firms of importing and exporting agents at important port towns. These agents purchase goods on behalf of international traders and make arrangements to send them. The purchases are made at lowest prevailing prices. Similarly, goods are purchased in foreign countries and are imported on behalf of traders in the country. The indent firms charge a commission for their services. The indent firms are also called commission agents.
4）Merchant Shippers
This is a class of businessmen who buy goods on their own account and sell them in a foreign country at a profit. The goods are purchased at lowest possible prices while sales are made at highest available prices to maximize their profits. These merchants are also known as export merchants and most belong to the Export House Association.
There are a number of middlemen in international trade. Because of complex and intricate procedures in foreign trade, the role of middlemen is very important. Middlemen have become almost a necessity in international trade.
1）Middlemen in Importing Country
•Clearing Agent
A clearing agent is appointed by an importer. He completes various formalities when goods reach the port. He gets the goods clearly by observing customs formalities and then dispatches them to the destination of the importer either by road or by rail as the case may be. A clearing agent charges a commission for his service.
•Import Agent
An import agent acts on behalf of the wholesaler. He completes the complicated procedures involved in importing goods on behalf of the wholesaler. He gets a fixed commission for his services and the risk involved in the business is to be borne by the wholesaler. An import agent has a specialized knowledge of the goods in which he deals.
2）Middlemen in Exporting Country
•Export Agent
An export agent acts on behalf of the international buyer. He collects goods as per the instructions of the international buyers and dispatches them these goods after completing various formalities. He charges commission as per agreements for his services.
•Forwarding Agent
A forwarding agent is appointed by the exporter to act on his behalf. He performs various export formalities and arranges for the export of goods and charges commission as per agreements.
•Shipping Company
A shipping company may also act as an agent of the exporter. It dispatches goods to the country of the importer by collecting them from the exporters.