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1.2 麦弗逊悬架模型

· 启动ADAMS/CAR,选择专家模块进入建模界面;

· 单击File > New命令,弹出建模对话框,如图1.8所示;

· 在模板名称栏(Template Name)输入front_sus,主特征(Major Role)选择suspension,单击OK;

· 单击Build > Hardpoint > New命令,创建硬点对话框,如图1.9所示;

图1.8 悬架模板对话框

图1.9 硬点创建

· Hardpoint Name:lca_front;

· Type:left;

· Location:-33.584, -308.873, -69.696;

· 单击Apply,完成lca_front硬点的创建,此时在ADAMS窗口界面显示左右对称的两个硬点;

· 重复上述步骤,完成图1.10中硬点的创建。

图1.10 悬架硬点

1.2.1 转向节

部件具有位置和方向属性,也有质量和惯量。在建立部件过程中需要预设定部件的相关质量和惯量,由于部件没有确定的几何尺寸,因此质量和惯量不能自动更新。当部件中的几何形状确定后,ADAMS软件会自动计算部件的质量和惯量的相关参数,同时不同的材料也可以进行相关的选择。柔性体部件导入过程中包含质量、位置、惯量等信息,部件建立过程中,默认使用的材料为钢材。

(1)转向节部件

· 单击Build > Part > General Part > New命令,创建部件对话框,如图1.11所示;

· General Part:._front_sus.gel_upright;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_upright;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

图1.11 转向节部件

· Location in:local;

· Orientation Dependency:User-entered values;

· Orient using:Euler Angles;

· Euler Angles:0, 0, 0;

· Mass:13;

· Ixx:2.9639974834E+05;

· Iyy:2.1567610975E+05;

· Izz:3.5331645459E+05;

· Density:Material;

· Material Type:.materials.steel;

· 单击OK,完成部件._front_sus.gel_upright的创建。

(2)转向节几何体

· 单击Build > Geometry > Link > New命令,创建连杆几何体,如图1.12所示;

· Link Name:upright_tierod;

· General Part:._front_sus.gel_upright;

图1.12 连杆几何体

· Coordinate Reference #1:._front_sus.ground.hpl_wheel_center;

· Coordinate Reference #2:._front_sus.ground.hpl_tierod_outer;

· Radius:10;

· Color:midnight blue;

· 不勾选Calculate Mass Properties of General Part复选框,此处由部件物理模型实际参数输入;

· Density:Material;

· Material Type:steel;

· 单击Apply,完成连杆._front_sus.gel_upright.gralin_upright_tierod几何体的创建。

· Link Name:upright_upper;

· General Part:._front_sus.gel_upright;

· Coordinate Reference #1:._front_sus.ground.hpl_wheel_center;

· Coordinate Reference #2:._front_sus.ground.hpl_strut_lwr_mount;

· Radius:10;

· Color:midnight blue;

· 不勾选Calculate Mass Properties of General Part复选框;

· Density:Material;

· Material Type:steel;

· 单击Apply,完成连杆._front_sus.gel_upright.gralin_upright_upper几何体的创建;

· Link Name:upright_lower;

· General Part:._front_sus.gel_upright;

· Coordinate Reference #1:._front_sus.ground.hpl_wheel_center;

· Coordinate Reference #2:._front_sus.ground.hpl_lca_outer;

· Radius:10;

· Color:midnight blue;

· 不勾选Calculate Mass Properties of General Part复选框;

· Density:Material;

· Material Type:steel;

· 单击OK,完成连杆._front_sus.gel_upright.gralin_upright_lower几何体的创建。

1.2.2 部件upper_strut

· 单击Build > Part > General Part > New命令,创建部件对话框,参考图1.11;

· General Part:upper_strut;

· Location Dependency:Located on a line;

· Coordinate Reference #1:._front_sus.ground.hpl_top_mount;

· Coordinate Reference #2:._front_sus.ground.hpl_strut_lwr_mount;

· Relative Location (%):50(等价于两个坐标间的中点位置);

· Orientation Dependency:Orient axis to point;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_top_mount;

· Axis:Z;

· Mass:0.64;

· Ixx:1;

· Iyy:1;

· Izz:1;

· Density:Material;

· Material Type:.materials.steel;

· 单击OK,完成部件._front_sus.gel_upper_strut创建。

1.2.3 部件lower_strut

· 单击Build > Part > General Part > New命令,创建部件对话框,参考图1.11;

· General Part:lower_strut;

· Location Dependency:Located on a line;

· Coordinate Reference #1:._front_sus.ground.hpl_top_mount;

· Coordinate Reference #2:._front_sus.ground.hpl_strut_lwr_mount;

· Relative Location (%):50;

· Orientation Dependency:Orient axis to point;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_top_mount;

· Axis:Z;

· Mass:6;

· Ixx:1;

· Iyy:1;

· Izz:1;

· Density:Material;

· Material Type:.materials.steel;

· 单击OK,完成部件._front_sus.gel_lower_strut的创建。

1.2.4 转向横拉杆

(1)部件tierod

· 单击Build > Part > General Part > New命令,创建部件对话框,参考图1.11;

· General Part:tierod;

· Location Dependency:Located on a line;

· Coordinate Reference #1:._front_sus.ground.hpl_tierod_outer;

· Coordinate Reference #2:._front_sus.ground.hpl_tierod_inner;

· Relative Location (%):50;

· Orientation Dependency:Orient axis to point;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_tierod_outer;

· Axis:Z;

· Mass:1.1;

· Ixx:5785.3609861245;

· Iyy:5785.3609861245;

· Izz:17.7453720579;

· Density:Material;

· Material Type:.materials.steel;

· 单击OK,完成部件._front_sus.gel_tierod的创建。

(2)连杆几何体tierod

· 单击Build > Geometry > Link > New命令,创建连杆几何体,参考图1.12;

· Link Name:tierod;

· General Part:._front_sus.gel_tierod;

· Coordinate Reference #1:._front_sus.ground.hpl_tierod_outer;

· Coordinate Reference #2:._front_sus.ground.hpl_tierod_inner;

· Radius:6.5;

· Color:maize;

· 不勾选Calculate Mass Properties of General Part复选框;

· Density:Material;

· Material Type:steel;

· 单击OK,完成连杆._front_sus.gel_tierod.gralin_tierod几何体的创建。

1.2.5 轮毂spindle

(1)悬架前束角、外倾角参数

· 单击Build > Suspension Parameters > Toe/Camber Values> Set命令,弹出悬架参数(前束角与外倾角)对话框,如图1.13 所示,前束角输入0.2,外倾角输入0.667,单击OK,完成参数创建,与此同时系统自动建立前束角与外倾角变量参数及对应的两个输出通讯器:col[r]_toe_angle、col[r]_camber_angle。

图1.13 悬架参数对话框

(2)结构框wheel_center

· 单击Build > Construction Frame > New命令,弹出创建结构框,如图1.14所示;

图1.14 结构框

· Construction Frame:wheel_center;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_wheel_center;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Orientation Dependency:Toe/Camber;

· Variable Type:Parameter Variables;

· Toe Parameter Variable:._front_sus.pvl_toe_angle;

· Camber Parameter Variable:._front_sus.pvl_camber_angle;

· 单击OK,完成结构框._front_sus.ground.cfl_wheel_center的创建。

(3)轮毂部件spindle

· 单击Build > Part > General Part > New命令,创建部件对话框,参考图1.11;

· General Part:spindle;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_wheel_center;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Orientation Dependency:Delta orientation from coordinate;

· Construction Frame:._front_sus.ground.cfl_wheel_center;

· Orientation:0, 0, 0;

· Mass:2.4;

· Ixx:477.8975036678;

· Iyy:477.8975036678;

· Izz:496.2781768857;

· Density:Material;

· Material Type:.materials.steel;

· 单击OK,完成部件._front_sus.gel_spindle的创建。

(4)结构框drive_shaft_otr

· 单击Build > Construction Frame > New命令,创建结构框,如图1.15所示;

· Construction Frame:drive_shaft_otr;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

图1.15 结构框drive_shaft_otr

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.cfl_wheel_center;

· Location:0.0, 0.0, (-1.0 * ._front_sus.pvl_drive_shaft_offset);

· Location in:local;

· Orientation Dependency:Orient axis to point;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_wheel_center;

· Axis:Z;

· 单击OK,完成结构框._front_sus.ground.cfl_drive_shaft_otr的创建。

(5)轮毂几何体housing_extension

· 单击Build > Geometry > Cylinder> New命令,创建圆柱体,如图1.16所示;

图1.16 轮毂圆柱体

· Cylinder Name:housing_extension;

· General Part:._front_sus.gel_spindle;

· Construction Frame:._front_sus.ground.cfl_drive_shaft_otr;

· Radius:17;

· Length In Postive Z:120;

· Length In Negative Z:0;

· Color:red;

· 不勾选Calculate Mass Properties of General Part复选框;

· 单击OK,完成轮毂圆柱体._front_sus.gel_spindle.gracyl_cv_jt_housing_extension几何体的创建。

1.2.6 驱动轴

(1)变量参数drive_shaft_offset

· 单击Build > Parameter Variable > New命令,参数变量对话框,如图1.17所示;

图1.17 drive_shaft_offset变量

· Parameter Variable Name:drive_shaft_offset;

· 参数类型:Real Value (实数值),数值为73;

· Units:length;

· Hide from standard user:no;

· 单击OK,完成变量._front_sus.pvl_drive_shaft_offset的创建。

(2)驱动轴部件drive_shaft

· 单击Build > Part > General Part > New命令,创建部件对话框;

· General Part:drive_shaft;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_drive_shaft_inr;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Orientation Dependency:Orient in plane;

· Coordinate Reference #1:._front_sus.ground.cfl_drive_shaft_otr;

· Coordinate Reference #2:._front_sus.ground.hpl_drive_shaft_inr;

· Coordinate Reference #3:._front_sus.ground.hpl_wheel_center;

· Axis:ZX;

· Mass:1;

· Ixx:1;

· Iyy:1;

· Izz:1;

· Density:Material;

· Material Type:.materials.steel;

· 单击OK,完成部件._front_sus.gel_drive_shaft的创建。

(3)驱动轴几何体drive_shaft

· 单击Build > Geometry > Link > New命令;

· Link Name:drive_shaft;

· General Part:._front_sus.gel_drive_shaft;

· Coordinate Reference #1:._front_sus.ground.hpl_drive_shaft_inr;

· Coordinate Reference #2:._front_sus.ground.cfl_drive_shaft_otr;

· Radius:8.5;

· Color:cyan;

· 勾选Calculate Mass Properties of General Part复选框,当几何体建立后会更新对应部件的质量和惯量参数;

· Density:Material;

· Material Type:steel;

· 单击OK,完成._front_sus.gel_drive_shaft.gralin_drive_shaft几何体的创建。

(4)驱动轴几何体drive_shaft

· 单击Build > Geometry > Ellipsoid > New命令,创建椭球体(球体),如图1.18所示;

图1.18 椭球体(球体) otr_cv_housing

· Ellipsoid Name:otr_cv_housing;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.cfl_drive_shaft_otr;

· Method:scaled off link;

· Link:._front_sus.gel_drive_shaft.gralin_drive_shaft;

· X Scale:2;

· Y Scale:2;

· Z Scale:2;

· Color:cyan;

· 勾选Calculate Mass Properties of General Part复选框;

· Density:Material;

· Material Type:steel;

· 单击Apply,完成._front_sus.gel_drive_shaft.graell_otr_cv_housing几何体的创建;

· Ellipsoid Name:tripot_housing;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_drive_shaft_inr;

· Method:scaled off link;

· Link:._front_sus.gel_drive_shaft.gralin_drive_shaft;

· X Scale:2;

· Y Scale:2;

· Z Scale:2;

· Color:cyan;

· 勾选Calculate Mass Properties of General Part复选框;

· Density:Material;

· Material Type:steel;

· 单击OK,完成._front_sus.gel_drive_shaft.graell_tripot_housing几何体的创建。

1.2.7 万向节tripot

(1)结构框drive_shaft_inr

· 单击Build > Construction Frame > New命令;

· Construction Frame:drive_shaft_inr;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_drive_shaft_inr;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Orientation Dependency:Orient in plane;

· Coordinate Reference #1:._front_sus.ground.hpl_drive_shaft_inr;

· Coordinate Reference #2:._front_sus.ground.hpr_drive_shaft_inr;

· Coordinate Reference #3:._front_sus.ground.cfl_drive_shaft_otr;

· Axis:ZX;

· 单击OK,完成结构框._front_sus.ground.cfl_drive_shaft_inr的创建。

(2)万向节部件drive_shaft

· 单击Build > Part > General Part > New命令,创建部件对话框,参考图1.11;

· General Part:tripot;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_drive_shaft_inr;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Orientation Dependency:Orient to zpoint-xppoint;

· Coordinate Reference #1:._front_sus.ground.hpr_drive_shaft_inr;

· Coordinate Reference #2:._front_sus.ground.cfl_drive_shaft_otr;

· Axes:ZX;

· Mass:1.9851127075;

· Ixx:1101.8600905078;

· Iyy:1101.8600905078;

· Izz:813.8962100926;

· Density:Material;

· Material Type:.materials.steel;

· 单击OK,完成部件._front_sus.gel_tripot的创建。

(3)万向节几何体tripot_housing_extention

· 单击Build > Geometry > Cylinder> New命令,创建圆柱体,参考图1.16;

· Cylinder Name:tripot_housing_extention;

· General Part:._front_sus.gel_tripot;

· Construction Frame:._front_sus.ground.cfl_drive_shaft_inr;

· Radius:17;

· Length In Postive Z:50;

· Length In Negative Z:0;

· Color:red;

· 不勾选Calculate Mass Properties of General Part复选框;

· 单击OK,完成万向节._front_sus.gel_tripot.gracyl_tripot_housing_extention几何体的创建。

1.2.8 柔性体部件

(1)下控制臂柔性体部件

· 单击Build > Part > Flexible Body > New命令,创建下控制臂柔性体部件,如图1.19所示。需要说明的是,模态中性文件需要提前制作好并存放到对应的数据库中flex_bodys文件夹中,此处直接通过路径调出柔性部件模型;

图1.19 下控制臂柔性体部件

· Flexible Body Name:lca;

· Location Dependency:User-entered location;

· Location values:0, 0, 0;

· Orientation Dependency:User entered values;

· Orient using:Euler Angles;

· Euler Angles:0, 0, 0;

· Left MNF File:mdids://my_book/flex_bodys.tbl/front_lca_left.mnf;

· Right MNF File:mdids://my_book/flex_bodys.tbl/front_lca_right.mnf;

· Sprung Mass%:100;

· Color:red;

· 单击Apply,完成下控制臂柔性体部件._front_sus.fbl_lca的创建。

(2)副车架柔性体部件

· Flexible Body Name:subframe;

· Location Dependency:User-entered location;

· Location values:0, 0, 0;

· Orientation Dependency:User entered values;

· Orient using:Euler Angles;

· Euler Angles:0, 0, 0;

· MNF File:mdids://my_book/flex_bodys.tbl/front_subframe.mnf;

· Sprung Mass%:100;

· Color:green;

· 单击Apply,完成下控制臂柔性体部件._front_sus.fbs_subframe的创建。

(3)下控制臂连杆柔性体部件

· Flexible Body Name:lca_link;

· Location Dependency:User-entered location;

· Location values:0, 0, 0;

· Orientation Dependency:User entered values;

· Orient using:Euler Angles;

· Euler Angles:0, 0, 0;

· Left MNF File:mdids://my_book/flex_bodys.tbl/front_left_prod.mnf;

· Right MNF File:mdids://my_book/flex_bodys.tbl/front_right_prod.mnf;

· Sprung Mass%:100;

· Color:yellow;

· 单击OK,完成下控制臂柔性体部件._front_sus.fbl_lca_link的创建。

1.2.9 悬架安装部件

· 单击Build > Part > Mount > New命令,创建安装部件,如图1.20所示;

图1.20 安装部件

· Mount Name:subframe_to_body;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_subframe_front;

· From Minor Role:inherit;

· 单击Apply,完成._front_sus.mtl_subframe_to_body安装部件的创建;

· Mount Name:lca_rear_to_body;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_lca_rear;

· From Minor Role:inherit;

· 单击Apply,完成._front_sus.mtl_lca_rear_to_body安装部件的创建;

· Mount Name:tripot_to_differential;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_drive_shaft_inr;

· From Minor Role:inherit;

· 单击Apply,完成._front_sus.mtl_tripot_to_differential安装部件的创建;

· Mount Name:strut_to_body;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_top_mount;

· From Minor Role:inherit;

· 单击Apply,完成._front_sus.mtl_strut_to_body安装部件的创建;

· Mount Name:tierod_to_steering;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_tierod_inner;

· From Minor Role:inherit;

· 单击OK,完成._front_sus.mtl_tierod_to_steering安装部件的创建。

1.2.10 弹簧/避震器

(1)弹簧

· 单击Build > Force > Spring > New命令,创建弹簧,如图1.21所示;

图1.21 螺旋弹簧

· Spring Name:ride_spring ;

· I Part:._front_sus.gel_upper_strut;

· J Part:._front_sus.gel_lower_strut;

· I Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_spring_up;

· J Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_spring_lwr_seat;

· Preload (弹簧预载,按实际车辆真实载荷输入):2893;

· Property File:mdids://my_book/springs.tbl/test_my_30.spr;

· Spring Diameter:50;

· Spring of Coils:5;

· 单击OK,完成弹簧._front_sus.nsl_ride_spring的创建。

(2)避震器

· 单击Build > Force > Damper > New命令,创建避震器,如图1.22所示;

图1.22 避震器

· Damper Name:ride_damper ;

· I Part:._front_sus.gel_upper_strut;

· J Part:._front_sus.gel_lower_strut;

· I Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_top_mount;

· J Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_strut_lwr_mount;

· Property File:mdids://my_book/dampers.tbl/damper_front.dpr;

· Color:maize;

· Damper Diameter:12;

· 单击OK,完成避震器._front_sus.dal_ride_damper的创建。

1.2.11 刚性/衬套约束

(1)刚性约束

刚体与柔性体之间可以直接约束,也可通过Interface part建立中间体接口(本质上是无质量部件),中间体接口会通过柔性体上的节点附加在柔性体上,此时建立刚体与中间体之间的约束等价于刚体与柔性体间的约束。本悬架模型中均采用方案2建立约束。

①部件upright与下控制臂柔性体之间spherical约束(方案1)。

· 单击Build > Attachments > Joint > New命令,创建球形副约束,如图1.23所示;

图1.23 刚体与下控制臂柔性体间球形副约束(方案1)

· Joint Name:lca_balljoint;

· I Part:._front_sus.gel_upright;

· J Part:._front_sus.fbl_lca;

· Type:left;

· Joint Type:spherical;

· Active:always;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_lca_outer;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Closest Node:Left/1102,Right/1105 (通过选取附近的节点,左右对应的节点会自动填入);

· Orientation:None;

· 单击OK,完成约束副._front_sus.jolsph_lca_balljoint的创建。

②部件upright与下控制臂柔性体之间spherical约束(方案2)。

· 单击Build > Part > Interface Part > New命令,创建中间体部件,如图1.24所示;

图1.24 中间体部件

· Interface Part Name:lca_to_upright;

· Flexible Body:._front_sus.fbl_lca;

· Left Node Id:1102;

· Right Node Id:1105;

· Geometry Length:15(即中间体部件为边长为15 mm的正方体);

· Color:blue;

· 单击OK,完成中间体部件._front_sus.ipl_lca_to_upright的创建;

· 单击Build > Attachments > Joint > New命令,创建球形副约束,如图1.25所示;

图1.25 刚体与下控制臂柔性体间球形副约束(方案2)

· Joint Name:lca_balljoint;

· I Part:._front_sus.gel_upright;

· J Part:._front_sus.ipl_lca_to_upright;

· Joint Type:spherical;

· Active:always;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_lca_outer;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Orientation:None;

· 单击Apply,完成约束副._front_sus.jolsph_lca_balljoint的创建。

③部件upper_strut与lower_strut之间cylindrical约束。

· Joint Name:strut;

· I Part:._front_sus.gel_upper_strut;

· J Part:._front_sus.gel_lower_strut;

· Joint Type:cylindrical;

· Active:always;

· Location Dependency:Centered between coordinates;

· Centered between:Two Coordinates;

· Coordinate Reference #1:._front_sus.ground.hpl_top_mount;

· Coordinate Reference #2:._front_sus.ground.hpl_strut_lwr_mount;

· Orientation Dependency:Orient axis to point;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_top_mount;

· Axis:Z;

· 单击Apply,完成约束副._front_sus.jolcyl_strut的创建。

④部件tierod与upright之间spherical约束。

· Joint Name:tierod_outer;

· I Part:._front_sus.gel_tierod;

· J Part:._front_sus.gel_upright;

· Joint Type:spherical;

· Active:always;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_tierod_outer;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Orientation:None;

· 单击Apply,完成约束副._front_sus.jolsph_tierod_outer的创建。

⑤部件tierod与安装件tierod_to_steering之间convel约束。

· Joint Name:tierod_inner;

· I Part:._front_sus.gel_tierod;

· J Part:._front_sus.mtl_tierod_to_steering;

· Joint Type:convel;

· Active:always;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_tierod_inner;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· I-Part Axis:._front_sus.ground.hpl_tierod_outer;

· J-Part Axis:._front_sus.ground.hpr_tierod_inner;

· 单击Apply,完成约束副._front_sus.jolcon_tierod_inner的创建。

⑥部件tripot与安装件tripot_to_differential之间translational约束。

· Joint Name:tripot_to_differential;

· I Part:._front_sus.gel_tripot;

· J Part:._front_sus.mtl_tripot_to_differential;

· Joint Type:translational;

· Active:always;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_drive_shaft_inr;

· Orientation Dependency:Orient to zpoint-xpoint;

· Coordinate Reference #1:._front_sus.ground.hpr_drive_shaft_inr;

· Coordinate Reference #2:._front_sus.ground.cfl_drive_shaft_otr;

· Axis:ZX;

· 单击Apply,完成约束副._front_sus.joltra_tripot_to_differential的创建。

⑦部件tripot与drive_shaft之间convel约束。

· Joint Name:drive_sft_int_jt;

· I Part:._front_sus.gel_tripot;

· J Part:._front_sus.gel_drive_shaft;

· Joint Type:convel;

· Active:always;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_drive_shaft_inr;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· I-Part Axis:._front_sus.ground.hpr_drive_shaft_inr;

· J-Part Axis:._front_sus.ground.cfl_drive_shaft_otr;

· 单击Apply,完成约束副._front_sus.jolcon_drive_sft_int_jt的创建。

⑧部件spindle与drive_shaft之间convel约束。

· Joint Name:drive_sft_otr;

· I Part:._front_sus.gel_drive_shaft;

· J Part:._front_sus.gel_spindle;

· Joint Type:convel;

· Active:always;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.cfl_drive_shaft_otr;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· I-Part Axis:._front_sus.ground.hpl_drive_shaft_inr;

· J-Part Axis:._front_sus.ground.hpl_wheel_center;

· 单击Apply,完成约束副._front_sus.jolcon_drive_sft_otr的创建。

⑨部件spindle与upright之间revolute约束。

· Joint Name:upright;

· I Part:._front_sus.gel_spindle;

· J Part:._front_sus.gel_upright;

· Joint Type:revolute;

· Active:always;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.cfl_wheel_center;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Orientation Dependency:Delta orientation from coordinate;

· Construction Frame:._front_sus.ground.cfl_wheel_center;

· 单击Apply,完成约束副._front_sus.jolrev_spindle_upright的创建。

⑩部件upright与lower_strut之间fixed约束。

· Joint Name:upright_strut;

· I Part:._front_sus.gel_upright;

· J Part:._front_sus.gel_lower_strut;

· Joint Type:fixed;

· Active:always;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_strut_lwr_mount;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Orientation:None;

· 单击Apply,完成约束副._front_sus.jolfix_upright_strut的创建。

⑪中间体部件lca_to_link与link_to_lca之间fixed约束。

· 单击Build > Part > Interface Part > New命令,创建中间体部件,参考图1.24;

· Interface Part Name:link_to_lca;

· Flexible Body:._front_sus.fbl_lca_link;

· Left Node Id:1108;

· Right Node Id:1110;

· Geometry Length:15(中间体部件为边长为15 mm的正方体);

· Color:blue;

· 单击Apply,完成中间体部件._front_sus.ipl_link_to_lca的创建;

· 单击Build > Part > Interface Part > New命令,创建中间体部件,参考图1.24;

· Interface Part Name:lca_to_link;

· Flexible Body:._front_sus.fbl_lca_link;

· Left Node Id:1103;

· Right Node Id:1106;

· Geometry Length:15(即中间体部件为边长为15 mm的正方体);

· Color:blue;

· 单击Apply,完成中间体部件._front_sus.ipl_lca_to_link的创建;

· Joint Name:lca_to_link;

· I Part:._front_sus.ipl_lca_to_link;

· J Part:._front_sus.ipl_link_to_lca;

· Joint Type:fixed;

· Active:always;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_link_to_lca;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Orientation:None;

· 单击Apply,完成约束副._front_sus.jolfix_lca_to_link的创建。

⑫部件upper_strut与安装件strut_to_body之间hooke约束。

· Joint Name:top_mount;

· I Part:._front_sus.gel_upper_strut;

· J Part:._front_sus.mtl_strut_to_body;

· Joint Type:hooke;

· Active:kinematic mode;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_top_mount;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· I-Part Axis:._front_sus.ground.hpl_strut_lwr_mount;

· J-Part Axis:._front_sus.ground.cfl_top_mount_ext;

· 单击OK,完成约束副._front_sus.jklhoo_top_mount的创建。

(2)柔性约束

C特性决定整车的驾乘品质,衬套的匹配是整车设计研发的核心环节,目前国内整车设计大多采用比对标杆车(竞车)的方法,此种设计方法很难精确地提升整车的品质。正确的方法应该是在K模式下提取整车与悬架连接处(衬套连接处)的载荷,分析载荷在低、中、高频特性下的振动特性,然后根据载荷特性采用有限元方法逆向设计或优化出衬套的拓扑刚度模型,针对拓扑模型再做出衬套模型。

针对衬套特性,悬架模型建立过程中大多忽略衬套的预载,此时计算整车对应的参数会存在微小的误差,正确的做法是提取衬套在K模式下载荷并输入到衬套对应的预载框中,如图1.26中的位移预载与扭转预载。

①部件upper_strut与strut_to_body之间bushing约束。

· 单击Build > Attachments > Bushing > New命令,创建衬套,如图1.26所示;

· Bushing Name:top_mount;

· I Part:._front_sus.gel_upper_strut;

· J Part:._front_sus.mtl_strut_to_body;

· Inactive:never;

· Preload:-53,-452,2749;

· Tpreload:-238,-753,0;

· Offset:0, 0, 0;

· Roffset:0, 0, 0;

· Geometry Length:20;

图1.26 衬套top_mount

· Geometry Radius:30;

· Property File:mdids://my_book/bushings.tbl/TOP_front.bus;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_top_mount;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Orientation Dependency:Orient axis to point;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_strut_lwr_mount;

· Axis:Z;

· 单击OK,完成轴套._front_sus.bgl_top_mount的创建。

②部件frame_to_body_front与subframe_to_body之间bushing约束。

· 单击Build > Part > Interface Part > New命令,创建中间体部件参考图1.24;

· Interface Part Name:frame_to_body_front;

· Flexible Body:._front_sus.fbs_subframe;

· Left Node Id:1501;

· Right Node Id:1502;

· Geometry Length:15;

· Color:blue;

· 单击OK,完成中间体部件._front_sus.ipl_frame_to_body_front的创建;

· Bushing Name:subframe_front;

· I Part:._front_sus.ipl_frame_to_body_front;

· J Part:._front_sus.mtl_subframe_to_body;

· Inactive:never;

· Preload:0, 0, 0;

· Tpreload:0, 0, 0;

· Offset:0, 0, 0;

· Roffset:0, 0, 0;

· Geometry Length:20;

· Geometry Radius:30;

· Property File:mdids://my_book/bushings.tbl/fixed.bus;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_subframe_front;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Orientation Dependency:User entered values;

· Orient using:Euler Angles;

· Euler Angles:0, 0, 0;

· 单击OK,完成轴套._front_sus.bgl_subframe_front的创建。

③部件frame_to_body_rear与subframe_to_body之间bushing约束。

· 单击Build > Part > Interface Part > New命令,创建中间体部件,参考图1.24;

· Interface Part Name:frame_to_body_rear;

· Flexible Body:._front_sus.fbs_subframe;

· Left Node Id:1503;

· Right Node Id:1504;

· Geometry Length:15;

· Color:blue;

· 单击OK,完成中间体部件._front_sus.ipl_frame_to_body_rear的创建;

· Bushing Name:subframe_rear;

· I Part:._front_sus.ipl_frame_to_body_rear;

· J Part:._front_sus.mtl_subframe_to_body;

· Inactive:never;

· Preload:0, 0, 0;

· Tpreload:0, 0, 0;

· Offset:0, 0, 0;

· Roffset:0, 0, 0;

· Geometry Length:20;

· Geometry Radius:30;

· Property File:mdids://my_book/bushings.tbl/fixed.bus;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_subframe_rear;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Orientation Dependency:User entered values;

· Orient using:Euler Angles;

· Euler Angles:0, 0, 0;

· 单击OK,完成轴套._front_sus.bgl_subframe_rear的创建。

④中间体部件lca_subframe与frame_to_lca之间bushing约束。

· 单击Build > Part > Interface Part > New命令,创建中间体部件,参考图1.24;

· Interface Part Name:lca_subframe;

· Flexible Body:._front_sus.fbl_lca;

· Left Node Id:1101;

· Right Node Id:1104;

· Geometry Length:15;

· Color:blue;

· 单击Apply,完成中间体部件._front_sus.ipl_lca_subframe的创建;

· Interface Part Name:frame_to_lca;

· Flexible Body:._front_sus.fbs_subframe;

· Left Node Id:1505;

· Right Node Id:1506;

· Geometry Length:15;

· Color:blue;

· 单击OK,完成中间体部件._front_sus.ipl_frame_to_lca的创建;

· Bushing Name:lca_front;

· I Part:._front_sus.ipl_lca_subframe;

· J Part:._front_sus.ipl_frame_to_lca;

· Inactive:never;

· Preload:-136,626,166;

· Tpreload:-410,-40,119;

· Offset:0, 0, 0;

· Roffset:0, 0, 0;

· Geometry Length:20;

· Geometry Radius:30;

· Property File:mdids://V3_project/bushings.tbl/LCA_front.bus;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_lca_front;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Orientation Dependency:Orient axis to point;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_lca_rear;

· Axis:Z;

· 单击OK,完成轴套._front_sus.bgl_lca_front的创建。

⑤部件link_to_body与lca_rear_to_body之间bushing约束。

· 单击Build > Part > Interface Part > New命令,创建中间体部件,参考图1.24;

· Interface Part Name:link_to_body;

· Flexible Body:._front_sus.fbl_lca_link;

· Left Node Id:1107;

· Right Node Id:1109;

· Geometry Length:15;

· Color:blue;

· 单击OK,完成中间体部件._front_sus.ipl_link_to_body的创建;

· Bushing Name:lca_rear;

· I Part:._front_sus.ipl_link_to_body;

· J Part:._front_sus.mtl_lca_rear_to_body;

· Inactive:never;

· Preload:46,151,-105;

· Tpreload:-164,12,-79;

· Offset:0, 0, 0;

· Roffset:0, 0, 0;

· Geometry Length:20;

· Geometry Radius:30;

· Property File:mdids://my_book/bushings.tbl/LCA_link_to_body.bus;

· Location Dependency:Delta location from coordinate;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_lca_rear;

· Location:0, 0, 0;

· Location in:local;

· Orientation Dependency:Orient axis to point;

· Coordinate Reference:._front_sus.ground.hpl_link_to_lca;

· Axis:Z;

· 单击OK,完成轴套._front_sus.bgl_lca_rear的创建。 HMrIqG1lj5JJroEVj9hTn32gwWGEJV+fASm04ATQjKEEVgSONyT8wY8yzMUCLvVj

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