指示代词是表示指示概念的代词,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。常见的指示代词包括:this这个,that那个,these这些,those那些。
1 指示代词的用法
(1)this/these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的人或物;还可以指下文要提及的事。
These are my books.这些是我的书。
Remember this:No pain,no gain.请记住这个:不劳则无获。
(2)that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或物;还可以指前面刚刚提过的事。
Those boys are from America.那些男孩来自美国。
She was ill.That's why she didn't go to school.她生病了,那就是为什么她没有去上学。
学霸支招
打电话时用this指代自己,用that指代对方。如:Hello!This is Lily speaking.Who's that?您好!我是莉莉。您是哪位?
2 it,one与that的用法
(1)it 特指 上文提及的同一个事物或前面提及的情况,代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。
I have lost my umbrella.I'm looking for it.(该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella)
(2)one 泛指 上文提及的同类事物中的一个,同类但不是同一个。其复数形式为ones。
I have lost my umbrella.I think I must buy one.(one在该句中表泛指,因为my umbrella已经丢了)
There were a few young people and some older ones in the house.(ones代替可数名词复数people)
(3)用于表示比较的句子中时,为了 避免重复 ,that可指代前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词,those可指代复数可数名词。
The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought.(替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”,以区别“the umbrella you bought”)
These pictures are more beautiful than those.(those代替可数名词复数pictures)
3 it的特殊用法
(1) 表示婴儿或不知道性别的人。
Someone is knocking on the door.Who can it be?有人在敲门。他可能是谁呢?
(2) 表示时间、天气、季节、距离等。
It was snowing when I got home yesterday.昨天我到家的时候正在下雪。
How far is it from your home to your school?从你家到学校距离多远?
(3) it作形式主语 ,常用于以下句型:
①It's+adj.(+ for/of sb.)+ to do sh.做某事(对某人来说)是……的。
It's very important for us to eat breakfast every day.对我们而言每天吃早餐很重要。
②It's time for/to do sth.是做某事的时间了。
It's time for lunch.该吃午饭了。
It's time to get up.该起床了。
③It seems that...好像……
It seems that the boy is very interested in Chinese paintings.
这个男孩好像对中国画很感兴趣。
④It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
It's your turn to clean the classroom.轮到你打扫教室了。
⑤It's+adj.+ that从句 ……是……
It's impossible that we finish the work in two days.我们在两天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。
⑥It takes( sb.)+ 一段时间+to do sth.做某事花费(某人)多长时间。
It took me two hours to get to the zoo.到动物园花了我两个小时。
(4)it作形式宾语,代替由动词不定式或从句等表示的真正宾语,常用在动词find,think,make,consider,feel等词后。
I find it important to learn history.我发现学习历史很重要。