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第4讲
完形填空之语法与固定搭配

[学习建议:第4天完成]

Part A:考点解读与技巧解密

Section 1: 考点解读

问1:完形填空中的语法考点主要有哪些?

答: 完形填空中常考的语法考点虽然不多,但比较丰富,主要有以下三大从句和五大词法:1. 宾语从句,2. 定语从句,3. 状语从句,4. 指示代词(包括形式主语或宾语it),5. 动词(包括时态、语态、非谓语动词等),6. 形容词、副词,7. 冠词,8. 介词。

语法学习是英语学习的基础,语法基础薄弱的同学们可以参考“新东方24天突破”系列的另一本图书《24天突破中考英语语法》。

问2:如何突破完形填空中的固定搭配考点?

答: 完形填空中的固定搭配题没有捷径,主要在于同学们平时的学习积累。另外,完形填空不仅仅涉及固定搭配,而且还要根据上下文的语义逻辑来确定答案。

Section 2:技巧解密

1. 语法结构
1) 宾语从句

问:宾语从句题的解题关键是什么?

答: 宾语从句题主要考查引导词,解题的关键有以下两点:第一,要熟悉宾语从句有哪些引导词,特别要注意that、whether、if(是否)在从句中不做成分,只起到引导宾语从句的作用。另外,注意最常考的what做主语、宾语。第二,要分析引导词在宾语从句中充当的成分,“从句缺什么成分,补什么成分”是解答宾语从句的核心技巧,同时要结合上下文的语义逻辑来解答。

真题再现一

When the exam paper was returned to me, I was surprised and sad. There was a big red “X” through each of my answers. I failed. But how come? Anyway, on the test paper, I had written down 1 Mr. Jackson said in class. [内蒙古卷]

1. A. when B. whether C. why D. what

解析:

本题考查的是宾语从句。从句Mr. Jackson said in class位于written down之后,是个宾语从句。根据“从句缺什么成分,补什么成分”的原则可知,Mr. Jackson said后缺宾语,而从四个选项可以看出,whether在从句中不做成分,when和why是状语从句引导词,因此答案为 ______。

2) 定语从句

问:定语从句题的解题关键是什么?

答: 定语从句题主要考查引导词,解题的关键有以下两点:第一,要熟悉定语从句有哪些引导词。另外特别要注意what、whether、how不引导定语从句,所以如果考查定语从句题,我们首先就排除选项中的这几个词。第二,要分析引导词在定语从句中充当的成分,“从句缺什么成分,补什么成分”同样是解答定语从句的核心技巧。特别要注意当定语从句的先行词是时间、地点、原因的时候,我们不一定是用关系副词when、where、why,一定要看从句缺什么,比如说:I will never forget the days that we spent together. 本句中定语从句的先行词是the days,但引导词不能用when,因为spent的后面缺宾语,而不是状语。

真题再现二

In 1934, he was one of the first Chinese students 2 studied in a special music school in Paris. Before he left, Xian became the school's best student and won several prizes for his talents. [广东卷]

2. A. what B. which C. who D. whom

解析:

根据前面的先行词students可知本题考查定语从句。四个选项中what不能引导定语从句,因此先排除A。再根据“从句缺什么成分,补什么成分”的原则,定语从句studied in a special music school in Paris缺少主语,先行词students指人,所以引导词要用who,故本题答案为 ______。

3) 状语从句

问:状语从句题的解题关键是什么?

答: 状语从句题几乎每年都会考,主要用“代入法”解题。因为状语从句的主句和从句都是完整句,不缺成分,所以状语从句题主要考查上下文的语义逻辑关系,即根据上下文句子的意思来决定选哪一个答案,因此常采用“代入法”来解题。

真题再现三

3 I walked down the street, a new girl in the neighborhood came towards me, smiling. But I just went past her. [浙江卷]

3. A. As B. Before C. After D. Until

解析:

本题考查的是状语从句。状语从句题都是用“代入法”解题,具体要看语义逻辑。根据上下文语义逻辑可知,“当我在街上走时,新来到这个街区的女孩微笑着走向了我”是最佳语义,因此答案为 ______。注意此处as表示“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句。

4) 指示代词

问:指示代词题的常见解题方法是什么?

答: 指示代词题主要指代上文的内容,具体的解题方法是采取就近往回寻找一至两句话,特别注意前面的句子中所出现的名词,如果出现多个名词要根据具体的语境以及单复数来进行判断。另外,要注意it做形式主语或宾语的用法。

真题再现四

I've read all those articles . I'll take 4 as a loving son's expectations towards his mother. [浙江卷]

4. A. us B. you C. him D. them

解析:

本题考查指示代词的用法。指示代词题的解题方法都是“就近原则”,往回寻找上文出现过的名词。上文中只有articles是名词,所以此处指代的是复数,句意为:我读了那些文章,并把那些文章看成是一个充满爱意的儿子对他的母亲的期待。所以答案为 ______。

5) 动词题

问:动词题的主要考点有哪些?

答: 动词题主要考查三个方面:动词的时态、动词的语态、非谓语动词。

真题再现五

Jing became a barber when he was young. He loved the job, so he practiced hard 5 a better one. In his eighties, he was still doing the same job. That was why he 6 by the film director. [陕西卷]

5. A. be B. act C. to be D. to act

6. A. invites B. invited C. is invited D. was invited

解析:

5. 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。本题考查的是不定式to do做目的状语,句意为“他爱这份工作,所以他努力练习,目的是成为一个更好的理发师。” 所以答案选 ______。

6. 本题考查谓语动词的时态和语态。首先考虑语态,“他被电影导演邀请”,所以是被动语态。再根据上文中的was可知时态是一般过去时,因此应该是“一般过去时的被动语态”,所以答案为 ______。

2. 固定搭配

问:固定搭配题的主要考点有哪些?

答: 固定搭配题主要考查两个方面:一种是不需要考虑上下文语义的影响,因为搭配是单一的,所以只要记住了搭配就能答对,这类题比较简单,考查的是同学们的基本知识。另一种的难度要比第一种大,一个词有多种搭配,属于多元固定搭配,这时候就要根据上下文来确定哪一种搭配更符合上下文的语义。但不管是哪种,都需要平常的积累。

真题再现六

In fact, everyone has a lamp in himself, light it actively not only for others, but also for yourself! Never put yourself in a dark situation when you feel left out and find it hard to 7 well with others. Are you ready to light your lamp? [湖北卷]

7. A. turn on B. hold on C. put on D. get on

解析:

本题考查固定搭配。根据空格后的well with可知,本题应该选 ______,get on well with sb. 表示“与某人相处融洽”。本段大意:每个人手里都有一盏灯笼,不仅仅为别人而点,也为自己而点。当你感到被冷落,发现很难和别人相处时,永远不要把自己置于黑暗的环境中。你准备好点亮你手中的那盏灯了吗?

KEY

1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. D 7.D

Part B:线索定位训练法

Section 1: 线索定位训练

下面真题已将已知线索加粗标出,主要目标是训练同学们养成寻找已知线索的习惯。

A [陕西卷]

If you were ninety years old, what would you plan to do? Few people want to have new challenges 1 挑战 that age .However, an old man named Jing Kui did something that surprised a lot of people.

As a man of 93, he met a challenge. One day, 2 film director came to him and asked whether he wanted to act in his movie. “ 3 in the movie?” asked the old man.

“You've been a barber ( 理发师 ).I believe you're the right man for my movie The Barber .

The old man read the script ( 剧本 ) before accepting the invitation. 4 he knew the story well, he still needed to keep all the words in mind. 5 was! He finally made it and took home a silver cup for a special acting prize. The movie also 6 both national and international prizes.

Jing became a barber when he was young. He loved the job, so he practiced hard 7 a better one. In his eighties, he was still doing the same job. That was why he 8 by the film director.

While the film was being made, the director had his worries because he didn't know 9 Mr. Jing could keep it going. At last, when the filming was done, the director was really pleased. Jing 10 solved all his problems! Now Jing set a world record as being a 93-year-old actor star who had never acted before!

1. A. from B. of C. at D. on

2. A. the B. / C. a D. an

3. A. What can I do B. What I can do C. How can I do D. How I can do

4. A. Unless B. Though C. Since D. Until

5. A. How big the challenge B. What big the challenge C. How the big challenge D. What the big the challenge

6. A. will win B. win C. wins D. won

7. A. be B. act C. to be D. to act

8. A. invites B. invited C. is invited D. was invited

9. A. that B. if C. where D. when

10. A. hard B. hardly C. successful D. successfully

B [广东卷]

Judie's class was studying Chinese culture. One day, her teacher went into the classroom 1 some kites. He told them that kites 2 in China more than 2,000 years ago . At the end of the class, he said, “The Chinese make kites that mean something important to them. I expect each of you 3 a kite that means something important to you. You will have a 4 understanding of kites than before.”

Judie decided to ask her dad for help as it was 5 first time to make a kite.

“What do you think of when you see a kite?” her dad asked.

Judie thought for a moment and 6 , “Butterflies.”

Judie's dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite. They made a cross with some wood sticks, 7 then Judie painted a butterfly on a piece of white paper. Next they stuck the paper on the cross. Finally they tied along tail to the bottom.

The next morning, they took 8 kite to the park and tested it. “Wow!” she cried proudly. “ 9 high my butterfly flies!”

“Judie, can you tell me 10 you like butterflies?” asked her dad.

Judie replied, “ To me, butterflies mean beauty and freedom!

1. A. to B. in C. with D. by

2. A. invent B. invented C. are invented D. were invented

3. A. make B. to make C. making D. made

4. A. good B. better C. best D. the best

5. A. her B. herself C. hers D. she

6. A. answers B. answered C. will answer D. has answered

7. A. and B. but C. or D. so

8. A. a B. an C. the D. /

9. A. What B. What a C. What an D. How

10. A. why B. which C. what D. when

Section 2: 答案详解

A

本文主要介绍了Jing Kui对理发职业非常热爱,在93岁时被导演看中,出演了电影并获得了特别表演奖,由此创造了最高龄演员的记录。

1.【答案】C

选项翻译: A. 从…… B. ……的 C. 在…… D. 在……上面

解题分析: 本题考查固定搭配,at that age是固定用法,表示“在那个年龄”,故答案是C。

2.【答案】C

选项翻译: A. 定冠词the B. / C. 不定冠词a D. 不定冠词an

解题分析: 本题考查冠词用法。the表示特指;a表示“一”,用于首字母发音是辅音音素的单词前;an表示“一”,用于首字母发音是元音音素的单词前。根据句意可知,一个电影导演来到他这儿,第一次提到,属于泛指,并且film首字母发音是辅音音素,所以用a,故答案是C。

3.【答案】A

选项翻译: A. 我能做什么(疑问语序) B. 我能做什么(陈述语序) C. 我能怎么做(疑问语序) D. 我能怎么做(陈述语序)

解题分析: 本题考查疑问句和上下文语义逻辑。根据题干可知设空所在句为疑问句,排除B和D,再根据上下文句意可知,该空表达“我能做什么”,故答案是A。

4.【答案】B

选项翻译: A. 除非 B. 即使 C. 自从;由于 D. 直到……为止

解题分析: 本题考查状语从句。状语从句要用“代入法”解题。根据下文线索he knew the story well、he still needed to keep all the words in mind可知,他很了解这个故事,他还需要记住所有的台词,前后句之间为转折关系,故答案是B。

5.【答案】A

选项翻译:

解题分析: 本题考查感叹句。感叹句中,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词、副词。感叹句结构主要有以下几种:what+名词+陈述语序;what+a/an+形容词+名词+陈述语序;how+形容词+a/an+名词+陈述语序;how+形容词或副词+陈述语序。符合语序的只有A项,故答案是A。

6.【答案】D

选项翻译: A. 将要赢(一般将来时) B. 赢(一般现在时) C. 赢(第三人称单数形式) D. 曾经赢(一般过去时)

解题分析: 本题考查动词时态。根据上文线索He finally made it and took home a silver cup for a special acting prize可知时态是一般过去时,所以动词要用过去式,故答案是D。

7.【答案】C

选项翻译: A. 成为(动词原形) B. 行动(动词原形) C. 成为(动词不定式) D. 行动(动词不定式)

解题分析: 本题考查非谓语动词。根据句意:他努力练习,目的是想成为一个更好的理发师,所以用不定式做目的状语,故答案是C。

8.【答案】D

选项翻译: A. 邀请(第三人称单数) B. 邀请(一般过去时) C. 被邀请(一般现在时的被动语态) D. 被邀请(一般过去时的被动语态)

解题分析: 本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据下文线索中标志词by和句意“这就是他被电影导演邀请的原因”可知要用被动语态,并且时态是一般过去时,故答案是D。

9.【答案】B

选项翻译: A. 引导词that B. 引导词if C. 引导词where D. 引导词when

解题分析: 本题考查宾语从句。根据上文线索he didn't know可知本题考查宾语从句。再结合句意可知,导演不知道Jing先生是否能继续拍下去,故答案是B。注意if引导宾语从句时表示“是否”。

10.【答案】D

选项翻译: A. 努力地 B. 几乎不 C. 成功的 D. 成功地

解题分析: 本题考查词义辨析。句中solved是动词,要用副词修饰,因此先排除C,结合句意,Jing成功地解决了所有问题,只有D项代入句中符合语义逻辑,故答案是D。

B

本文主要介绍了Judie和父亲一起做风筝的过程,以及风筝所代表的美丽和自由的意义。

1.【答案】C

选项翻译: A. 向;去 B. 在……里面 C. 带着…… D. 通过……

解题分析: 本题考查介词用法,根据句意可知,老师应该是带着风筝进入教室,所以答案是C。

2.【答案】D

选项翻译: A. 发明(一般现在时) B. 发明(一般过去时) C. 被发明(一般现在时的被动语态) D. 被发明(一般过去时的被动语态)

解题分析: 本题考查时态语态。根据下文线索in China more than 2,000 years ago可知,风筝是在2000多年前的中国被发明的。所以要用“一般过去时的被动语态”,故答案为D。

3.【答案】B

选项翻译: A. 制作(动词原形) B. 制作(动词不定式) C. 制作(动名词) D. 制作(动词过去式)

解题分析: 本题考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。expect sb. to do sth.表示“期待某人做某事”,故答案选B。

4.【答案】B

选项翻译: A. 好的 B. 更好的 C. 最好的 D. 最好的

解题分析: 本题考查比较级。根据下文线索词than可知,本题要用比较级,所以答案选B。

5.【答案】A

选项翻译: A. 她的(形容词性物主代词) B. 她自己(反身代词) C. 她的(名词性物主代词) D. 她(主格)

解题分析: 本题考查代词用法。根据下文线索词time可知,需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词,故答案为A。

6.【答案】B

选项翻译: A. 回答(第三人称单数) B. 回答(一般过去时) C. 回答(一般将来时) D. 回答(现在完成时)

解题分析: 本题考查时态。根据上文线索Judie thought for a moment and可知,and并列句前后时态要一致,故答案为B。

7.【答案】A

选项翻译: A. 并且 B. 但是 C. 或者 D. 因此

解题分析: 本题考查上下文语义逻辑关系。根据上下文语义,这里应该表示几个连续动作,句意为:他们用一些木棍做了一个十字,然后又在白纸上画了一个蝴蝶。故答案为A。

8.【答案】C

选项翻译: A. 不定冠词a B. 不定冠词an C. 定冠词the D. /

解题分析: 本题考查冠词用法。上文已经提到过kite,当第二次提到的时候就是特指上文那个风筝,因此要用the,故答案为C。

9.【答案】D

选项翻译:

解题分析: 本题考查感叹句。感叹句中,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词、副词。感叹句结构主要有以下几种:what+名词+陈述语序;what+a/an+形容词+名词+陈述语序;how+形容词+a/an+名词+陈述语序;how+形容词或副词+陈述语序。因为high在此处是副词,所以应该是how +副词+陈述语序,因此排除A、B、C,故答案是D。

10.【答案】A

选项翻译: A. 引导词why B. 引导词which C. 引导词what D. 引导词when

解题分析: 本题考查上下文语义逻辑。根据下文线索To me, butterflies mean beauty and freedom可知,上文应该用why表原因,故答案是A。

Part C:专项强化训练

Section 1: 真题精练

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

C [陕西卷]

One day, David and his friends talked about who their closest 1 were. When it was his turn, he said, “My best friend is Amy, 2 81-year-old woman living in Florida.”

Their friendship came 3 a game. In the game, David and Amy were on the same team. After this game, they became good friends. David even told her about his dream of music.

However, life was hard for David at that time. He hardly 4 time or money to play music. Most of the time, he had to work in a restaurant. He felt that his dream was hopeless ( 无望的 ). 5 he almost lost heart, Amy gave him lots of help and supported his dream. Two years later, he decided 6 to New York for his dream. There he held his first concert successfully.

After the concert, a famous reporter in New York heard of their story. He wanted to know what 7 . So he flew to Florida to interview her. To his surprise, the friendship between Amy and David was 8 than he could imagine.

Later, many people 9 by this story. But Amy thought it was nothing. She said, “As friends, we 10 give a hand when they need.”

1. A. friend B. friends C. classmate D. classmates

2. A. the B. / C. a D. an

3. A. from B. below C. to D. at

4. A. have B. had C. has had D. will have

5. A. Before B. When C. Unless D. If

6. A. go B. going C. to go D. gone

7. A. Amy was like B. was Amy like C. is Amy like D. Amy is like

8. A. beautiful B. beautifully C. more beautiful D. the most beautiful

9. A. is moved B. are moved C. was moved D. were moved

10. A. should B. would C. mustn't D. can't

Section 2: 答案详解

C

本文讲述了两个人之间令人感动的友谊。在David失去信心的时候,他的好朋友Amy,一位81岁高龄的老人帮助了他,让他决心去实现自己的梦想,最终获得了成功。

1.【答案】B

选项翻译: A. 朋友 B. 朋友(复数) C. 同学 D. 同学(复数)

解题分析: 根据从句谓语were和下文线索My best friend is Amy可知答案选B。

2.【答案】D

选项翻译: A. 定冠词the B. / C. 不定冠词a D. 不定冠词an

解题分析: 本题考查冠词的用法。根据语法规则可知,第一次提到某人要用不定冠词,且81读作“eighty one”,首字母发音是元音音素,应该用an,故答案为D。

3.【答案】A

选项翻译: A. 从…… B. 在……之下 C. 向;去 D. 在……

解题分析: 本题考查介词搭配。根据句意“他们的友谊来自一次比赛。”可知本句描述友谊是如何建立的,故选A。

4.【答案】B

选项翻译: A. 有(一般现在时) B. 有(一般过去时) C. 有(现在完成时) D. 有(一般将来时)

解题分析: 本题考查时态。根据上文线索life was hard for David at that time可知这里是在描述过去的事情,讲述他过去“没有”时间或金钱去玩音乐,所以用过去式had,故选B。

5.【答案】B

选项翻译: A. 在……之前 B. 当……时 C. 除非 D. 如果;是否

解题分析: 本题考查状语从句。状语从句要用“代入法”解题。根据句意,when是最佳答案,即“当他几乎失去了信心的时候,Amy给了他很多帮助,支持他的梦想。”其他选项代入原文后句意不符合语境,故选B。

6.【答案】C

选项翻译: A. 去(动词原形) B. 去(动名词) C. 去(动词不定式) D. 去(过去分词)

解题分析: 本题考查固定搭配。decide to do表示“决定去做……”,故选C。

7.【答案】A

选项翻译:

解题分析: 本题考查宾语从句的语序。根据He wanted to know what可知本题考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,且时态为一般过去时,故答案是A。

8.【答案】C

选项翻译: A. 漂亮的 B. 漂亮地 C. 更漂亮的 D. 最漂亮的

解题分析: 本题考查比较级。根据下文线索than可知,本题要用比较级,所以答案选C。

9.【答案】D

选项翻译: 四个选项都是move的被动语态

解题分析: 本题考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知,很多人被这个故事感动了。人是“被感动”,所以要用被动语态,并且本文是在描述过去的事情,所以要用一般过去时的被动语态,由于主语many people是复数,所以助动词用were,故选D。注意move有“感动”的意思。

10.【答案】A

选项翻译: A. 应该 B. 将要 C. 禁止 D. 不能

解题分析: 本题考查情态动词的用法。根据句意“作为朋友,我们应该在他们需要的时候伸出援手。”可知,这里想表达的是“应该”之意,故选 A。 +lcglR2HwYmcUA3Z0oy2XYesopulS3n5+/g/leByGVxeL2SJ6NaooxCtBaXBVe7/

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