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Word List 03

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twist [twɪst]

n. / v. 搓,捻,绞;转动,拧,扭;曲解;盘旋,迂回

She continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves, very stiff, and high. 她不停地扭着头,打量着她那又硬又高的蓬松袖子。

twist and turn 弯弯曲曲

parliament [ˈpɑːləmənt]

n. 国会,议会

联想记忆:parlia(看作parle,谈话)+ment(名词后缀)→谈论政务的地方→议会

The Danish parliament raised taxes on energy to encourage conservation and established subsidies and standards to support more efficient buildings. 丹麦议会提高了能源税以鼓励节能,并制定了补贴和标准来资助更节能的建筑。

member of parliament 国会议员

shift [ʃɪft]

v. 移动,转移;变换;推卸;清除 n. 改变,变换;轮班,换班

I think their graduates must be able to shift from one profession to another because they are trained in a very independent way. 我认为他们的毕业生必须能够从一个行业转到另一个行业,因为他们是以一种非常独立的方式接受培训的。

cognitive [ˈkɒɡnətɪv]

adj. 认识(力)的;认知的

词根记忆:cogn(知道)+itive(表状态)→认知的

For example, when tested in a foreign language, people are less likely to fall into a cognitive trap(answering a test question with an obvious-seeming but wrong answer)than when tested in their native language. 例如,当用外语进行测试时,与用母语测试相比,人们陷入认知陷阱(用一个看似明显但错误的答案回答测试问题)的可能性更小。

democratic [ˌdeməˈkrætɪk]

adj. 民主的,有民主精神(或作风)的

Bolivia returned to democratic rule in 1982, after a series of military governments. 在经历了一系列军政府统治之后,玻利维亚于1982年恢复民主统治。

democratic rights 民主权利

democratically( adv. 民主地)

fracture [ˈfræktʃə(r)]

n. 骨折;折断,破裂 v. (使)破裂,(使)折断,破碎

词根记忆:fract(碎裂)+ure→骨头碎了→骨折

When former President Ronald Reagan fell and broke his hip at the age of 89, he joined a group of more than 350,000 elderly Americans who fracture their hips each year. 当前美国总统罗纳德·里根在89岁时摔倒并摔坏臀部时,他加入了一个每年有超过35万名美国老年人髋部骨折的团体。

conservation [ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn]

n. 保护;保存;节约;守恒

来自conserve( vt. 保护;节约)

Denmark launched a rapid drive for energy conservation , to the point of introducing car-free Sundays and asking businesses to switch off lights during closing hours. 丹麦启动了一项快速节能运动,甚至推出了无车星期日,并要求企业在非营业时间关灯。

water conservation 节约用水

conservative( adj. 保守的)

fundamental [ˌfʌndəˈmentl]

adj. 根本的,基础的 n. [常pl.]基本原则;基本部分

来自fundament(基础)+al(…的)→基础的,根本的

In recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. 近年来,科学家们已经证明,双语的优势甚至比能与更多人进行交流更为重要。

fundamental law 基本定律

grant [ɡrɑːnt]

vt. 同意,准予(补助等),授予(权利等);承认 n. 同意,授予;拨款

We tend to focus on our problems in life and to take for granted our blessings and achievements. 我们往往把注意力集中在生活中的问题上,并把我们的祝福和成就视为理所当然。

take sth. for granted 认为某事理所当然

possess [pəˈzes]

vt. 拥有;(感情或思想等)控制(某人);掌握(技能)

A mad rage possessed her. 她勃然大怒。

possession( n. 拥有,所有权;所有物)

target [ˈtɑːɡɪt]

n. 靶子;攻击(或批评、嘲笑)的对象,目标;拟达到的总数或指标 vt. 把…作为目标或对象

The programme is targeted at improving the health of children. 该方案的目标是改善儿童的健康。

lay [leɪ]

vt. 放;设置,布置;铺,砌;生(蛋),产(卵) adj. 世俗的;外行的

Turtles lay their eggs on the beach at night. 海龟晚上在海滩上产卵。

lay down 制定;lay off(暂时)解雇;放弃;lay out 安排,布置

notion [ˈnəʊʃn]

n. 概念,观念;想法,见解;打算,意图

词根记忆:not(知道)+ion(名词后缀)→了解的东西→观念

Since 1945 Britain has received large numbers of immigrants who do not fit easily into existing notions of class and may have their own pyramids to scramble up. 自1945年以来,英国接收了大量移民,他们不容易融入现有的阶级观念,可能有自己的金字塔需要攀登。

trait [treɪt]

n. (人的)个性;显著的特点

Introversion—along with its cousins sensitivity, seriousness, and shyness—is now a second-class personality trait , somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology. 内向——及其同义词敏感、严肃和害羞——现在已成为二等性格特点,介于扫兴与病态之间。

proportion [prəˈpɔːʃn]

n. 比例,比率;相称,平衡;份儿,部分

词根记忆:pro+port(部分)+ion(名词后缀)→部分

These future cities are likely to contain a higher proportion of green cover than the cities of today, with an increasing focus on planting on roofs, vertical walls, and surfaces like car parks. 这些未来的城市可能会比今天的城市拥有更高比例的绿色覆盖物,越来越多地关注屋顶、垂直墙壁和停车场等表面的种植。

in proportion 成比例;out of proportion 不成比例

proportional( adj. 成比例的;相称的)

respondent [rɪˈspɒndənt]

n. (调查或问题的)回答者;调查对象;被告

词根记忆:respond(回答,答复)+ent(表人)→回答者

This poll asked respondents to choose what was the most important to them among the five items and they were only allowed to choose one out of the five items. 这项民意调查要求受访者在五个项目中选择对他们来说最重要的项目,并且只允许他们在五个项目中选择其一。

scale [skeɪl]

n. 尺度,刻度 ;基准,等级;比例,比率;大小,规模;音阶,音列;[pl.] 天平,磅秤;鳞,鳞片 vt. 称体重;爬,攀

The lawyers are high on the social scale in Western countries. 律师在西方国家的社会地位很高。

bold [bəʊld]

adj. 大胆的,勇敢的;冒失的;醒目的;粗体的

联想记忆:b+old(老的)→人虽老,但很勇敢→勇敢的

We're told that to be great is to be bold , to be happy is to be sociable. 我们被告知,要想伟大就要勇敢,要想快乐就要善于交际。

(as)bold as brass 厚颜无耻地

boldness( n. 大胆,勇敢;冒失)

commit [kəˈmɪt]

vt. 犯(罪);承诺,答应;花(钱或时间)

词根记忆:com(表加强)+mit(送)→答应送→承诺

There are unconfirmed reports he tried to commit suicide. 有未经证实的报道说她曾企图自杀。

commit a crime 犯罪

commitment( n. 信奉;承诺,保证);committed( adj. 忠诚的;承诺…的)

steep [stiːp]

v. 浸,泡,濡湿;使沉湎

Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. 沉浸其中,熟谙这一切,你会很快发现,书的作者正在或努力在给予你一些更加明确的东西。

comparison [kəmˈpærɪsn]

n. 比较,对照;比喻

词根记忆:com(共同)+par(平等)+ison(名词后缀)→共同比较,看是否相等→比较

Evelina's beauty is beyond comparison . 伊芙琳娜的美丽是无与伦比的。

beyond comparison 无与伦比;in comparison with 与…相比

encounter [ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)]

vt. 偶遇,邂逅;遭到,突遇 n. 遭遇,遇到;意外的相遇

词根记忆:en(使)+counter(相反)→从两个相反方面来→遭遇

By surfing the Web, Europeans who had previously encountered English only in school and in pop songs were now coming into contact with it daily. 通过上网,以前只在学校和流行歌曲中接触过英语的欧洲人现在每天都能接触到英语。

consist [kənˈsɪst]

vi. 由…组成,由…构成;在于,存在于

词根记忆:con(共同)+sist(站)→站在一起→由…构成

In the language classroom these might be seen as consisting of the student, the teacher and the language. 在语言课堂中,这些可能被视为由学生、教师和语言组成。

consist of 由…组成;consist in 在于…

enhance [ɪnˈhɑːns]

vt. 增加;提高;增强

We can greatly enhance the utility of green space through designs that provide a range of different uses in a confined space. 我们可以通过在有限的空间内提供一系列不同用途的设计,极大地提高绿色空间的效用。

credit [ˈkredɪt]

n. 赊购;贷款;信用;赞扬,认可;为…赢得荣誉的人(或事物);学分;(银行)存款 vt. 相信,信任; 把…归功于;存钱

词根记忆:cred(相信)+it→信任

Americans adopt new technologies such as online shopping and credit cards much more quickly than people in other countries. 美国人采用网上购物和信用卡等新技术的速度比其他国家的人快得多。

be a credit to 为…增光

creditor( n. 债权人,债主)

intimacy [ˈɪntɪməsi]

n. 亲密,亲切,关系密切

词根记忆:intim(内心的)+acy→心贴心→亲密

Nothing creates intimacy better than an honest sharing of oneself with another person, and this involves communication. 没有什么比诚实地与他人分享自己更能创造亲密关系了,这需要沟通。

evolve [iˈvɒlv]

v. (使)发展,进化,演化;使逐步形成

词根记忆:e(出)+volv(卷,转)+e→转出来→发展,进化

Let's take a look at how it evolved over the years, its features, its present status, etc. 让我们来看看这些年来它是如何演变的,它的特点,它的现状,等等。

evolve from 由…进化而来;evolve into 进化为…

pace [peɪs]

n. 步伐,速度;一步,步距 v. 踱步(于);为…定速度

The work progressed at a slow pace due to the worse plan. 由于计划较差,工作进展缓慢。

rough [rʌf]

adj. 表面粗糙的,崎岖不平的;粗暴的;概略的;困难的

The manager made a rough outline of the schedule at the conference. 经理在会议上大致列出了日程安排。

roughly( adv. 粗鲁地;大概)

sweeping [ˈswiːpɪŋ]

adj. 打扫的;深远的,有广泛影响的;全面的;决定性的

Perhaps the most interesting explanation for the altered nature of childhood is the sweeping change that occurred during the 1970s in the economic and social status of women. 也许对童年性质的改变最有趣的解释是20世纪70年代妇女的经济和社会地位发生了翻天覆地的变化。

humanitarian [hjuːˌmænɪˈteəriən]

adj. 人道主义的 n. 人道主义者,慈善家

词根记忆:humanit(即humanity,人道)+arian→人道主义者

I think the global community always has a responsibility to any humanitarian crisis. 我认为国际社会对任何人道主义危机都有责任。

humanitarian assistance 人道主义援助

literally [ˈlɪtərəli]

adv. 逐字地;确实地;[用以加强语气]简直,毫不夸张地

词根记忆:liter(字母)+al+ly→逐字地

The societal pursuit of high self-esteem for everyone may literally end up doing considerable harm. 社会对高度自尊的追求对每个人确实都可能会造成相当大的伤害。

stretch [stretʃ]

v. 伸展,张开,拉紧;伸展(四肢),直躺;滥用;曲解 n. 伸展,张开,拉紧;(陆地或水域的)一大片;连续的一段时间

A stretch of blue water can take all one's worries away and put one's heart and mind completely at rest. 一大片碧水可以带走一个人所有的烦恼,让一个人的心灵和思想完全得到休息。

stretcher( n. 担架)

attach [əˈtætʃ]

v. 缚,系,贴;参加(党派);把(重点等)放在

词根记忆:at(表加强)+tach(钉子)→钉在一起→贴

Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. 库珀揭示了美国人的一个典型特点:那就是着眼未来,也就是说,他们能够从未来的角度看待现在的一切,可以不为过去所羁绊看待现在,在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物。

attach to 使依附;认为有重要性(或意义、价值等)

attachment( n. 连接;连接物;喜爱,依恋)

august [ɔːˈɡʌst]

adj. 威严的,庄严的,威风凛凛的

联想记忆:8月(August)是丰收的季节,大地一片金黄,金黄色是威严(august)高贵的帝王象征

All the children are afraid of their august father. 所有的孩子都害怕他们威严的父亲。

slash [slæʃ]

v. 挥砍,劈刺;大幅度裁减或削减(某物);在(衣服)上开长缝作装饰;严厉批评 n. 砍,抽;长的切口或裂口;衣服的衩

The workforce has been slashed by 30%. 劳动力被削减了30%。

slash at 朝…挥砍

awkward [ˈɔːkwəd]

adj. 笨拙的;使用不便的;令人尴尬的;难应付的,难处理的

I'm awkward with a needle and thread. 我用针线不熟练。

awkwardly( adv. 笨拙地;不熟练地)

beat [biːt]

v. 打,敲;打败,取胜;(心脏)跳动;控制;难倒 n. 敲击;(心脏的)跳动;节拍;(警察、哨兵的)巡逻路线

I had meant to be open with Coffey but when I met her I beat about the bush . 我本想对科菲敞开心扉,但当我遇到她时,我就拐弯抹角了。

beat about the bush 绕弯子;beat off 击败;beat up sb. 痛打某人;beat time 打拍子

compose [kəmˈpəʊz]

vt. 组成,构成;创作,作曲;撰写;使安定,使平静

词根记忆:com(共同)+pos(放)+e→放到一起→组成,构成

From the1770s through the 1790s, he composed dozens of operas, many of them proving popular and considered innovative. 从18世纪70年代到90年代,他创作了几十部歌剧,其中许多都很受欢迎,被认为是创新。

be composed of 由…组成

composer( n. 作曲家;创造者);composition[ n. 作品;(大型)乐曲;作曲;构成];composure( n. 镇静,沉着)

boost [buːst]

vt. 推动,促进,激励;举,抬;提高,增加 n. 增长;激励;推举

Most schools have eagerly boosted enrollments to maximize revenues(tuition and state subsidies). 大多数学校都急于扩招,以最大限度地提高收入(学费和国家补贴)。

cumulative [ˈkjuːmjələtɪv]

adj. 积累的,渐增的

词根记忆:cumul(堆积)+ative(…的)→积累的,渐增的

It is simple pleasures, such as a walk on a sunny day, which have a cumulative effect on our mood. 简单的快乐,比如在阳光明媚的日子里散步,会对我们的情绪产生累积效应。

disadvantage [ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ]

n. 不利地位,不利;弊端,损害,(名誉、信用等方面的)损失 vt. 使处于不利地位;损害,损失

词根记忆:dis(不)+advantage(优势)→失去优势→不利

Access to education facilities is inadequate in sub-Saharan Africa. And women and girls there face greater disadvantages . 在撒哈拉以南的非洲,教育设施不足。那里的妇女和女孩面临着更大的劣势。

at a disadvantage 处于不利地位;to one's disadvantage 对某人不利

disadvantaged( adj. 处于不利地位的);disadvantageous( adj. 不利的;蔑视的)

efficiency [ɪˈfɪʃnsi]

n. 效率;效能;功效

词根记忆:ef(出)+fic(做)+iency→效率,效能,功效

Beyond wind, the country is a world leader in energy efficiency , getting more GDP per watt than any other member of the E.U. 除了风能,该国在能源效率方面也处于世界领先地位,每瓦国内生产总值超过了欧盟任何其他成员国。

economic efficiency 经济效率

efficient( adj. 有效率的)

burst [bɜːst]

v. (使)爆裂,(使)胀破;突然迸发;忽然出现

His strong sense of humor made everyone in the party burst out laughing. 他强烈的幽默感使聚会上的每个人都大笑起来。

burst out 突然…起来;突然出现

element [ˈelɪmənt]

n. 要素,成分;自然环境,适宜的环境;[pl.](学科的)基本原则,原理,基础

Strategic theorists tell us of the social trinity, whereby three elements are required to achieve a dynamic in any social situation. 战略理论家告诉我们社会三位一体,即在任何社会情境中实现动态都需要三个要素。

in one's element 得心应手;out of one's element 不得其所

elementary( adj. 基本的,基础的)

gossip [ˈɡɒsɪp]

n. 闲谈,聊天;流言蜚语;喜欢说三道四的人 vi. 传播流言蜚语;说长道短

联想记忆:go(进行)+s+sip(吸吮)→流言蜚语能吸干人的精力→流言蜚语

Conversations may be devoted to gossip , business transactions or scientific matters, but they're all characterized by the free exchange of terms among the two participants. 谈话内容可能是关于八卦、商业交易或科学问题,但它们的特点都是两个参与者之间自由交换术语。

have a gossip with sb. 与某人闲聊

handle [ˈhændl]

n. 柄,把手 vt. 触,摸;运用,操纵;处理,对待;经营,买卖

联想记忆:hand(手)+le→方便手操作的东西→柄,把手

By skill, I mean the tools to handle the studying and learning demands placed on you, like how to read with purpose, and when and where to get assistance if you are having difficulty. 所谓技能,我指的是处理对你提出学习和学习要求的工具,比如如何有目的地阅读,以及如果你有困难,何时何地获得帮助。

get/have a handle on 理解,明白

emphasis [ˈemfəsɪs]

n. 强调,重点,重要性

Connected with industrial economics, traditional education puts too much emphasis on the commonness of the students and curbs the normal development of students' individuality and creativity. 传统教育与工业经济学相结合,过分强调学生的共性,抑制了学生个性和创造力的正常发展。

give emphasis to 着重,强调;lay/put/place emphasis on 把重点放在…

hypothesis [haɪˈpɒθəsɪs]

n. 假设,假定,假说

词根记忆:hypo(下面)+thesis(论点)→非真正论点→假说

This is only a sort of scientific hypothesis which has not been proved by experiments. 这只是一种尚未被实验证明的科学假设。

massive [ˈmæsɪv]

adj. 巨大的;大量的

词根记忆:mass(许多)+ive(…的)→大量的

An additional reason for getting tech companies to give a higher priority to security is that cyberspace is about to undergo another massive change. 让科技公司更加重视安全的另一个原因是,网络空间即将经历另一场巨大变革。

massive data 海量数据

nurture [ˈnɜːtʃə(r)]

vt. 养育,教育;培育,培植

词根记忆:nur(营养)+ture→提供营养→培育

Formal learning is decontextualised from daily life and may actually promote ways of learning and thinking which often run counter to those nurtured in practical daily life. 正式学习脱离了日常生活,实际上可能会促进学习和思考的方式,而这些方式往往与日常生活中培养的方式背道而驰。

operational [ˌɒpəˈreɪʃənl]

adj. 可操作的,可使用的;操作上的

词根记忆:oper(工作)+ation+al→工作用的→可操作的

The whole system became fully operational in March. 整个系统在三月份开始全面运行。

stereotype [ˈsteriətaɪp]

n. 模式化的形象、思想、人物等,老一套;铅版 vt. 使定型

词根记忆:stereo(立体的)+type(类型)→这种立体的类型很老套→老一套

We shouldn't be too quick to generalize laziness into national characteristics and stereotypes . 我们不应该急于把懒惰归结为民族特点和刻板印象。

proximity [prɒkˈsɪməti]

n. 接近,邻近

词根记忆:proxim(接近)+ity→接近

The prairie wolf howled now and then, and occasionally the lowing of cattle gave me hope of human proximity . 草原上的狼不时地嚎叫,偶尔听到牛群的叫声让我感到有人在附近。

resemble [rɪˈzembl]

vt. 类似于;像

词根记忆:re(表加强)+sembl(类似)+e→类似于

During winter evenings, Paris's street lamps have a halo and resemble dandelions. 在冬天的夜晚,巴黎的路灯有一个光环,看上去就像蒲公英一样。

resemblance( n. 相似,相似之处)

seize [siːz]

vt. 攫取,抓住;强占,夺取;扣押,没收

We should seize every opportunity to improve ourselves. 我们应该抓住每一个机会来提高自己。

seizure[ n. 没收;(疾病的)突然发作]

transmit [trænsˈmɪt]

v. 播送,传送;传染,传播;传导,传动

词根记忆:trans(转移)+mit(送)→送过去→传送

As you may know, messages are transmitted in human language most frequently through two primary modes: speech and writing. 你可能知道,在人类语言中,信息最常通过两种主要方式传播:说话和写作。

transmit to 将…传播到…;将(疾病等)传染给…

transmission( n. 传送;电视或无线电播送)

virtue [ˈvɜːtʃuː]

n. 德行,美德;优点,好处

Teachers should impress children with the virtue of always telling the truth. 老师应该以始终讲真话的美德给孩子们留下深刻印象。

in virtue of 由于…,凭借…

shuffle [ˈʃʌfl]

v. 拖着脚走;洗(纸牌);搞乱,弄混 n. 混合

The man shuffles through the contents of the drawer and brings out a small pile of photographs. 那人在抽屉里翻来翻去,拿出一小沓照片。

yield [jiːld]

v. 结出(果实);产生(效果、效益等);给予,让出;使屈服,使顺从 n. 产量;收益

Ultimately, people don't even think about whether their way yields success. 最终,人们甚至不会考虑他们的方式是否会带来成功。

yield yo 屈服于,顺从于

acknowledge [əkˈnɒlɪdʒ]

vt. 承认;告知收到(信件、礼物等);表示感谢

词根记忆:ac(去往)+know(知道)+ledge→去告知他人→承认;告知收到

The students acknowledged the authority of the student council. 学生们承认学生会的权威。

acknowledgement( n. 承认;感谢)

bargain [ˈbɑːɡən]

v. 议价,讨价还价 n. 廉价货;合同,协议;交易

联想记忆:bar(障碍)+gain(获得)→高价是得到物品的障碍,所以要讨价还价→讨价还价

Finally the two sides struck a bargain . 双方最终达成了协议。

drive a bargain 讨价还价

consensus [kənˈsensəs]

n. (意见等的)一致,一致同意,共识

词根记忆:con(共同)+sens(感觉)+us→感觉相同→一致

Today there's a consensus that we need to build renewable power. 今天有一个共识,那就是我们需要开发可再生能源。

daunt [dɔːnt]

vt. 使胆怯,使畏缩

We should remember forever that we won't be daunted by the danger. 我们应该永远记住,我们不会被危险吓倒。

dauntless( adj. 无所畏惧的);daunting( adj. 可怕的)

exotic [ɪɡˈzɒtɪk]

adj. 珍奇的,奇异的;外国产的

People who choose to go on exotic , far-flung holidays deserve free health advice before they travel. 选择去异国他乡度假的人在旅行前应该得到免费的健康建议。

flush [flʌʃ]

v. 冲洗,清除;脸红,发红,发亮;涌流;(使)兴奋,激动 n. 红晕,潮红;急流,冲洗;兴奋,一阵感情 adj. 富裕的,充足的;和…齐平的

与blush( v. 脸红)一起记

His face was flushed with anger. 他气得满脸通红。

install [ɪnˈstɔːl]

vt. 安装,设置;安顿,安置;正式任命,就职

词根记忆:in(在里面)+stall(放)→放进去→安装,安置

I've installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape-systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. 我安装了污水回用系统,重新利用洗衣机和浴缸的废水,并将废水引入我的景观系统,平均每天可以节水50加仑。

installation( n. 安装;设备)

extent [ɪkˈstent]

n. 范围,广度,长度;程度,限度

词根记忆:ex(出)+tent(伸展)→伸展出的距离→范围

To some extent , Albert was responsible for the accident. 从某种程度上来说,艾伯特对这次事故负有责任。

to some extent 从某种程度上来说

interval [ˈɪntəvl]

n. 间隔,空隙,间歇;幕间休息

词根记忆:inter(在…之间)+val→之间的距离→间隔

The working men drank at intervals from their huge pint tumblers, and smoked, spitting often on the floor and sometimes dragging the sawdust over their heavy boots. 工人们每隔一段时间就用他们的大品脱玻璃杯喝酒、抽烟,经常往地板上吐痰,有时还把锯末拖到笨重的靴子上。

at(...)intervals 每隔…时间;每隔…距离

liberty [ˈlɪbəti]

n. 自由;许可;冒昧,擅自;[pl.] 特权,特殊待遇

词根记忆:liber(自由)+ty(表性质)→自由

Students and teachers should have the right to borrow the books in the library at liberty . 学生和教师应有权自由借阅图书馆里的书。

take the liberty to do sth. 冒昧地做某事;at liberty 自由地

manageable [ˈmænɪdʒəbl]

adj. 易支配的,易管理的

词根记忆:manage(管理)+able(…的)→易管理的

Can you cut the topic down to a manageable size? 你能把这个话题缩小到一个可控的范围吗?

opt [ɒpt]

vi. 选择,抉择

本身为词根:选择

In 2011, many shoppers opted to avoid the frenetic crowds and do their holiday shopping from the comfort of their computer. 2011年,许多购物者选择避开狂热的人群,在电脑前舒适地进行假日购物。

opt for sth. 选择某物;opt to do sth. 选择做某事

mediocre [ˌmiːdiˈəʊkə(r)]

adj. 平庸的;普通的

词根记忆:medio(=medi,中间)+cre→保持中间状态→平庸的

What set apart the mediocre from the excellent leaders? 是什么将平庸的领导者与优秀的领导者区分开来?

posture [ˈpɒstʃə(r)]

n. 姿势;态度 v. 故作姿态;摆出…样子

词根记忆:pos(放)+ture→放出来的样子→姿势

Stand up straight. I don't mean that you have to assume a parade-ground posture , but stand in a comfortable, natural way, rather than hunching over the lectern. 站直。我并不是说你必须摆出阅兵场的姿势,而是以舒适、自然的方式站着,不是弓着腰站在讲台上。

in the present posture of 在目前…的情况下;posture as 装作…的样子

mount [maʊnt]

vt. 上升,增加;登上,骑上;准备,发动 n. 山(峰)

The old lady slowly mounted the steps to the top of the hill. 老太太慢慢地登上台阶,到达山顶。

premature [ˈpremətʃə(r)]

adj. 过早的,提前的;不成熟的;仓促的;早产的

词根记忆:pre(预先)+mature(成熟的)→比预期时间早的→提前的

How can governments help people conserve their health and avoid premature death? 政府如何帮助人们保持健康,避免过早死亡?

muse [mjuːz]

vi. 沉思,冥想

Anyway, you'd better muse upon his advice; it may be helpful for you. 不管怎样,你最好仔细考虑他的建议;这可能对你有帮助。

muse on/upon 沉思,考虑;muse over 仔细回忆;品味

principle [ˈprɪnsəpl]

n. 原则,主义;行动准则,道义;原理

词根记忆:prin(第一)+cip(取)+le→取得第一就是我们的原则→原则

The thought, in principle , is very reasonable. 这个想法理论上非常合理。

in principle 原则上;理论上

refuge [ˈrefjuːdʒ]

n. 庇护;藏身处,避难处

联想记忆:青年一代要勇于拒绝(refuse)父母的庇护(refuge)

Along this Mediterranean coast, home is only a refuge and a retreat. 在地中海沿岸,家只是一个避难所和休养地。

take refuge 避难

staff [stɑːf]

n. 棍,杖,棒,竿;支柱;全体职员,全体工作人员;参谋,幕僚,参谋部 vt. 供以人员,充当职员或幕僚

注意和stuff( n. 原料,材料 v. 填满)相区别

The manager was sick, so I was asked to chair the weekly staff meeting. 经理生病了,所以让我来主持每周的员工会议。

proceed [prəˈsiːd]

vi. 开始,着手;前进;继续进行

词根记忆:pro(向前)+ceed(前进)→前进

procedure( n. 程序;手续);procession[ n. (人或车的)行列]

relic [ˈrelɪk]

n. 纪念物;遗物,遗迹

联想记忆:reli(看作rely,依靠)+c→依靠遗产生活→遗物,遗迹

They regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. 他们认为手拉的黄包车是殖民主义的遗物。

cultural relic 文物;文化遗产

prone [prəʊn]

adj. 易于…的,有…倾向的;俯卧的

Tired drivers were found to be particularly prone to ignore warning signs. 据调查,疲劳驾驶时特别容易忽视警示标志。

be prone to 有…倾向

survive [səˈvaɪv]

v. 残存,幸存,生还;比…长寿

词根记忆:sur(超过)+viv(生命)+e→超越他人的生命→比…长寿

In the primeval period, primitive tribes cooperated with each other in hunting animals and growing crops in order to survive . 在原始时期,为了生存,原始部落在狩猎动物和种植作物方面相互合作。

survival( n. 生存;遗物);survivor( n. 幸存者)

relieve [rɪˈliːv]

vt. 减轻,解除(痛苦或困难);使摆脱;使有趣;换班,接替

词根记忆:re(表加强)+liev(变轻)+e→痛苦变轻→减轻

The doctor helped the patient relieve the pain with anodyne. 医生用止痛药帮助病人减轻疼痛。

relief[ n. (痛苦等的)减轻;救济]

prospective [prəˈspektɪv]

adj. 预期的,可能的,未来的

词根记忆:pro(向前)+spect(看)+ive(…的)→看向前方→未来的

On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay “waiters” or “placeholders” to wait in line for them outside Apple stores. 在Craigslist网站上,潜在的iPhone购买者愿意付钱给“排队者”或“占位者”,让他们在苹果专卖店外排队等候。

reserve [rɪˈzɜːv]

n. 储备物,保存物;储藏,保留;自然保护区;缄默,含蓄 vt. 储备,保存;保留,留作专用;预订

词根记忆:re(一再)+serve(保持)→保留

If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. 如果你畏缩不前,一开始就有所保留和批评,那么你就无法从你所读的内容中获得最大的价值。

reservation( n. 预订;保留意见);reservoir( n. 蓄水池,水库)

shun [ʃʌn]

vt. 规避,避免

Employers started to shun the job hoppers in 2012, and the trend became more apparent in 2013 and this year. 2012年,雇主开始避开跳槽者,这一趋势在2013年和今年变得更加明显。

rid [rɪd]

vt. 使摆脱,使去掉;处理掉

The first thing to do is to get rid of those throw rugs that line hallways and entrances. 首先要做的是扔掉走廊和入口处的地毯。

get rid of 摆脱,解脱

speculate [ˈspekjuleɪt]

v. 思索;推测;投机;做投机生意

词根记忆:specul(看)+ate(使,做)→看来看去→推测

Jim speculated in stocks and gained lots of money. 吉姆炒股赚了很多钱。

speculative( adj. 思考的;投机的);speculatively( adv. 思考地,推测地);speculator( n. 投机者)

twilight [ˈtwaɪlaɪt]

n. 暮光;黄昏;衰落时期

词根记忆:twi(二,两)+light(光)→黑白光交替→微光→暮光;黄昏

There is nowhere to sit in the streets of England, not even, after twilight , in the public gardens. 在英国的街道上没有地方可以坐,甚至在黄昏后的公共花园里也没有。

twilight home 养老院

spur [spɜː(r)]

n. 马刺,靴刺;激励物;驱策 vt. 以马刺刺激;驱策,激励

Comprehensive tax reform is needed in Germany to spur investment and to create new jobs, thus putting the economy on a higher growth path. 德国需要进行全面的税收改革,以刺激投资和创造新的就业机会,从而使经济走上更快的增长道路。

be a spur to 促进…,激励…;spur sb.(on)to do sth. 激励某人做某事

admit [ədˈmɪt]

v. 允许(人或物)进入;承认;(指在一定范围内)可容纳(某人或某事)

词根记忆:ad+mit(送)→能送进去→允许(人或物)进入

Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn't working, George said, “I'm reading a lot to pick up my education.” 由于承认自己没有工作让他感到羞愧,乔治说:“我正在大量阅读以重拾我的学业。”

admit of 容许

admission( n. 进入许可;入会费;承认);admittedly( adv. 不可否认地)

benevolent [bəˈnevələnt]

adj. 仁慈的,慈善的;乐善好施的

词根记忆:bene(好)+vol(希望)+ent(…的)→希望他人是好的→仁慈的

The benevolent fund was used to help the children in that poor area. 该慈善基金被用来帮助那个贫困地区的孩子们。

benevolence( n. 仁慈;善行)

collude [kəˈluːd]

vi. 共谋,勾结,串通

词根记忆:col(共同)+lud(玩)+e→一起玩阴谋→串通

Two suspects were accused of colluding with each other to rob the store. 两名嫌疑人被指控串通抢劫商店。

collusion( n. 共谋,勾结)

affection [əˈfekʃn]

n. 喜爱,爱慕;慈爱,友爱;影响;疾病

词根记忆:af(表加强)+fect(做)+ion(名词后缀)→反复做产生的影响→影响

We look back on it, like all its exiled sons and daughters, with true affection . 我们怀着真挚的感情回忆它(直布罗陀),就像所有流亡的儿女一样。

affectionate( adj. 深情的;表示关爱的)

blur [blɜː(r)]

n. 模糊不清的事物 v. (使)模糊,(使)看不清楚;弄上污迹

联想记忆:海天碧蓝(blue)一色,界线模糊(blur)不清

A survey conducted earlier this year shows how this convergence on similar types of work has blurred class boundaries. 今年早些时候进行的一项调查显示,在相似类型的工作中,这种趋同模糊了阶级界限。

conscience [ˈkɒnʃəns]

n. 良心,良知;内疚,愧疚

词根记忆:con+sci(知道)+ence(名词后缀)→知道好坏是非→良心

My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. 我那病态的良心告诉我,无论如何我应该为此付出代价。

have a guilty conscience 内疚;for conscience'(s)sake 为了问心无愧

ambivalent [æmˈbɪvələnt]

adj. (对同一人或事物)抱有矛盾情绪的

词根记忆:ambi(两边)+val(价值)+ent(…的)→觉得两边都有价值的→抱有矛盾情绪的

This disparity in social attitudes is reflected in the ambivalent feelings held by people. 这种社会态度的差异反映在人们的矛盾情绪上。

bustle [ˈbʌsl]

vi. 喧扰地忙乱,匆忙,奔忙 n. 热闹的活动

联想记忆:bust(打碎)+le→匆忙中打碎了花瓶→匆忙

The workers bustled to and fro across the dock to carry the cargo. 工人们匆匆忙忙地穿过码头搬运货物。

conjure [ˈkʌndʒə(r)]

v. 变魔术,耍戏法;(如魔术般)变出,(变戏法般地)使…呈现

词根记忆:con+jur(发誓)+e→发誓学会变戏法→变魔术

Speaking Spanish rather than English, for a bilingual and bicultural Puerto Rican in New York, might conjure feelings of family and home. 对于一个在纽约的双语和双文化波多黎各人来说,说西班牙语而不是英语可能会让他产生家的感觉。

dictate [dɪkˈteɪt]

v. 口述,(使)听写;命令,强行规定;支配,驱使

词根记忆:dict(说,断言)+ate(使,做)→说出→口述

The teacher dictated the famous novel to us. 老师给我们口述了这本著名的小说。

dictation( n. 听写;命令);dictator( n. 独裁者,专制者);dictatorship( n. 独裁,专政)

consult [kənˈsʌlt]

v. 咨询;找…商议;找(医生)诊治;翻阅,查阅(书籍、地图等)

I have lots of questions to consult my attorney about . 我有很多问题要咨询我的律师。

consult sb. about sth. 向某人咨询某事;consult with sb. 与某人商议;consult sth. for sth. 在某处查询某信息

consultant( n. 顾问,专家);consultation( n. 请教,咨询)

disparity [dɪˈspærəti]

n. 不平等,差异,悬殊

词根记忆:dis(不)+par(平等)+ity→不平等

It is hard to explain the disparity that exists between the salaries of men and women. 很难解释男女工资之间存在的差异。

outright [ˈaʊtraɪt]

adv. 彻底地,全部地;直率地;立刻 adj. 彻底的;直率的

The journalists received outright refusal of the foreign movie star. 这位外国影星断然拒绝了记者的采访。

frantic [ˈfræntɪk]

adj. (因恐惧、焦急、喜悦等)发狂(似)的,发疯的;紧张忙乱的

There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia seemed to be going wrong; now there is a race to claim credit when some things have started to go right. 当亚洲的一切似乎都出了问题时,人们疯狂地推卸责任;现在,当一些事情开始好转时,人们竞相邀功。 iSkNIAD/eViWoW3FyHAYp/iGQBkKNDMQLPkQxpneWlIawB/qADj8ZGECh8S52PeG

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