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Word List 06

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upgrade [ˌʌpˈɡreɪd][ˈʌpɡreɪd]

v. 提高…级别或等级,提高…档次 n. 提高

词根记忆:up(向上)+grad(级)+e→升级→提高…级别

These teachers fought successfully to upgrade the quality of education in the elementary school. 这些教师成功地提高了小学的教育质量。

constituent [kənˈstɪtjuənt]

n. 选民,选举人;成分,要素 adj. 组成的,构成的

词根记忆:con(共同)+stit(站)+uent→选民们站在一起→选民

The senator always talked to his constituents and heard their problems. 这位参议员总是和他的选民交谈,倾听他们的问题。

unsettle [ˌʌnˈsetl]

vt. 使人不安,扰乱

I've decided to be a tour guide, and nothing can unsettle my resolution. 我决定当一名导游,没有什么能动摇我的决心。

unsettled( adj. 不稳定的;不安宁的)

contend [kənˈtend]

v. 搏斗,争斗;竞争;声称,主张

词根记忆:con(共同)+tend(伸展)→一起伸展→搏斗;竞争

Britain took the novel strategy of contending that many of its most popular beaches were not swimming beaches at all. 英国采取了一种新颖的策略,声称该国许多最受欢迎的海滩根本就不是游泳海滩。

contend with 对付困境;contend for 竞争

deem [diːm]

vt. 认为,相信;视为

We will provide help whenever you deem it necessary. 我们将在您认为必要时提供帮助。

refute [rɪˈfjuːt]

vt. 驳斥,辩驳;否认

词根记忆:re(相反)+fut(打)+e→反过来打→驳斥

Scientists refute a longstanding theory of how HIV slowly depletes the body's capacity to fight infection. 科学家们反驳了一个长期存在的理论,即艾滋病病毒是如何慢慢耗尽人体抵抗感染的能力的。

refutation( n. 反驳性论据;反驳)

pragmatic [præɡˈmætɪk]

adj. 重实效的,实用主义的

词根记忆:pragm(行为)+atic→注重行为效应→重实效的

One reason for the striking upsurge of social psychology in the United States lies in the pragmatic tradition of this country. 美国社会心理学急剧兴起的一个原因在于这个国家的实用主义传统。

unfathomable [ʌnˈfæðəməbl]

adj. 神秘莫测的;难以理解的

He, for some unfathomable reason, wanted to be with me. 他因为某个不得而知的理由,想和我在一起。

pertinent [ˈpɜːtɪnənt]

adj. 恰当的,中肯的;与…有关的,关于…的

词根记忆:per(表加强)+tin(拿住)+ent(…的)→拿住与此有关的→与…有关的

Please keep your comments pertinent to the topic under discussion. 请发表与讨论主题有关的言论。

be pertinent to 与…有关

muddle [ˈmʌdl]

n. 混乱;糊涂 vt. 搞乱,弄糟;使糊涂,使头脑混乱;分不清,混淆

联想记忆:mud(泥)+dle→把泥弄得到处是→搞乱

Bess muddled her father's papers, so she was criticized. 贝丝把父亲的文件弄乱了,因此受到了批评。

muddle through 胡乱应付过去;muddle up/together 搞乱,搞错;in a muddle 杂乱无章,一塌糊涂

breath [breθ]

n. 呼吸;空气的轻微流动,微风

After climbing the steep hill, the old man stopped to catch his breath . 爬过陡峭的山坡后,老人停下来喘口气。

above one's breath 高声地;catch one's breath 喘息;hold one's breath 屏住呼吸;waste one's breath 白费口舌

mirage [ˈmɪrɑːʒ; məˈrɑːʒ]

n. 海市蜃楼,幻象

词根记忆:mir(惊奇)+age→让人惊奇的景象→海市蜃楼

A mirage is a naturally occurring optical phenomenon, in which light rays are bent to produce a displaced image of distant objects or the sky. 海市蜃楼是一种自然发生的光学现象,在这种现象中,光线被弯曲,产生远处物体或天空的移位图像。

heed [hiːd]

vt. 注意到,留意到 n. 注意,留心

Richard, heed the warning signs on the motorway! 理查德,注意高速公路上的警告标志!

pay heed to 注意,把…放在心上;take heed(of)当心

perfunctory [pəˈfʌŋktəri]

adj. 敷衍的,马虎的

词根记忆:per(坏)+funct(活动)+ory→带来坏处的活动→敷衍的

They only made a perfunctory effort. 他们只是敷衍了事。

perfunctorily( adv. 马虎地,敷衍地)

ark [ɑːk]

n. 方舟,诺亚方舟

Noah's ark 诺亚方舟

defect [ˈdiːfekt][dɪˈfekt]

n. 缺点,瑕疵 vi. 背叛,变节

词根记忆:de(相反)+fect(做)→反着做→背叛

The workers at the local factory were searching for possible defects on the machines. 当地工厂的工人正在寻找机器上可能存在的瑕疵。

defect to 叛向…,投奔…;defect from 背叛…

repute [rɪˈpjuːt]

n. 名誉;好名声 vt. 称为;考虑,认为

词根记忆:re(表加强)+put(认为)+e→认为

In those days the lion was much admired in heraldry, and more than one king sought to link himself with its repute . 在那些日子里,狮子在纹章上很受推崇,不止一个国王试图把自己和狮子的名声联系在一起。

reputable( adj. 声誉好的,受尊敬的)

swirl [swɜːl]

v. (使)打漩,起旋涡 n. 打漩,漩涡;漩涡状,螺旋形

词根记忆:s+wirl(转)→打漩,漩涡

The wind swirling around the tree blew all the snow away from its trunk. 绕着树打转的风把树干上的雪都吹走了。

cowardice [ˈkaʊədɪs]

n. 胆小,怯懦

词根记忆:coward(胆小鬼,懦夫)+ice(名词后缀)→胆小,怯懦

Maybe I could never escape the everlasting stigma of cowardice . 也许我永远无法摆脱懦弱的耻辱。

disparate [ˈdɪspərət]

adj. 无从比较的,根本不同的,异类的;由不同的人(或事物)组成的,多元的

词根记忆:dis(不)+par(平等)+ate(形容词后缀)→不等的→根本不同的

Some disparate government organizations have unified to fight against terrorist attacks. 一些不同的政府组织联合起来打击恐怖袭击。

margin [ˈmɑːdʒɪn]

n. 页边的空白处;余额;边界,边缘地区;利润,赚头;差数,幅度

It is already the second largest art magazine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a profit margin of US $500,000. 它已然成为世界第二大艺术杂志,发行量达6.5万份,利润额达50万美元。

alleviate [əˈliːvieɪt]

vt. 缓和,减轻(痛苦等)

词根记忆:al(表加强)+lev(变轻)+iate(使)→减轻

It is vital that economic, political and social conditions which can alleviate poverty be established at national and international levels. 至关重要的是,要在国家和国际层面建立能够减轻贫困的经济、政治和社会状况。

hierarchy [ˈhaɪərɑːki]

n. 等级制度

词根记忆:hier(神圣)+archy(统治)→僧侣统治→等级制度

In this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level are physiological needs. 在这种需求层次中,最基本的是生理需求。

hierarchical( adj. 等级制的,按等级划分的)

severity [sɪˈverəti]

n. 严厉;剧烈;朴素;[pl.] 严厉的惩罚,艰苦的环境

There was a drought of unusual severity during the past season in the region. 该地区上一季发生了异常严重的干旱。

ruin [ˈruːɪn]

n. 毁灭,破坏;毁灭、败坏的原因;[pl.] 废墟 vt. 使毁灭;使破产

The tsunami left many houses in ruins . 海啸使许多房屋成为废墟。

in ruins 毁坏;严重受损

convene [kənˈviːn]

v. 召集会议;(为会议而)聚集

词根记忆:con(共同)+ven(来)+e→大家一起来开会→召集会议

Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. 上个月,威尔士纪念国民议会成立两周年,这是自1404年以来在这里召开的第一届议会。

faraway [ˈfɑːrəweɪ]

adj. 遥远的;(神情)恍惚的,心不在焉的

来自词组far away(遥远)

Something must have happened—Jack kept a faraway look all day long. 一定发生了什么事,杰克一整天都神情恍惚。

unaccountable [ˌʌnəˈkaʊntəbl]

adj. 无法解释的,难以说明的;(对自己的行为等)不必负责任的

词根记忆:un+account(计算,考虑)+able(…的)→不计算、不考虑→不必负责任的

There has been an unaccountable increase in cases of this disease. 这种疾病的病例莫名其妙地增加了。

subside [səbˈsaɪd]

vi. 下降至较低或正常水平;(指土地、建筑物等)下陷;减弱,减轻,平息

词根记忆:sub(下面)+sid(坐)+e→坐下去就塌陷了→下陷

After the storm, part of the road subsided . 暴风雨过后,部分路面塌陷了。

foil [fɔɪl]

vt. 阻挠,(使)挫败 n. 花剑;箔

His wish to become a pilot was foiled by short-sightedness. 他想成为一名飞行员的愿望因近视而破灭了。

command [kəˈmɑːnd]

v. 指挥;命令;控制,对…有支配权,拥有…(可供使用);俯瞰;应得,博得 n. 指挥部;指挥(权);命令;运用能力

词根记忆:com(表加强)+mand(命令)→命令

The online learners can command the rate of progress in studying, which is quite different from traditional learning methodology. 在线学习者可以控制学习进度,这与传统的学习方法截然不同。

take command of 控制;in command(of)控制

commander( n. 海军中校;司令官);commandment( n. 戒律,圣诫)

mimic [ˈmɪmɪk]

vt. (尤指为逗笑而)模仿 n. 模仿他人言行者 adj. 假装的;模仿的,模拟的

And if someone wishes to have such an encounter with a friend living many miles away, then this kind of on-line written “chat” can mimic a face-to-face conversation. 如果有人希望与住在几英里外的朋友有这样的会面,那么这种在线书面“聊天”可以模拟面对面的交谈。

slink [slɪŋk]

vi. 鬼鬼祟祟地移动,溜走;躲躲闪闪地走

Far away I saw a gaunt cat slink along a wall, but traces of men there were none. 远远地,我看见一只瘦骨嶙峋的猫沿着墙潜行,但没有人的踪迹。

boggle [ˈbɒɡl]

v. 不知所措,犹豫不决;使惊奇;吓倒;使为难

If you want to make progress, you should never boggle at a difficulty. 如果你想取得进步,就不应该在困难面前畏缩不前。

sprawl [sprɔːl]

vi. 四肢摊开着坐、卧或倒下,伸展(身体或四肢);散乱地延伸 n. 四肢伸开的姿势或动作;杂乱的大片地方

与scrawl( v. 潦草地写)一起记

The proprietor sprawled on the counter reading the newspaper and yawning. 店主四肢伸开瘫坐在柜台前,边看报纸边打哈欠。

miniature [ˈmɪnətʃə(r)]

n. 缩样;微型画像 adj. 微小的

词根记忆:mini(小)+ature→小画像→微型画像

Paris is France in miniature . 巴黎是法国的缩影。

in miniature 小规模

dissolve [dɪˈzɒlv]

v. (使)溶解,(使)液化;解散(议会),终止(商业会议);(使)消失,消散;解决;澄

词根记忆:dis(分开)+solv(松开)+e→松开分散→(使)溶解

The election was announced and parliament was dissolved . 宣布选举后,议会解散了。

dissolve in 溶于…

dissolution( n. 解散;溶解)

superior [suːˈpɪəriə(r)]

adj. 优良的,卓越的;数目较大的,较多的;(职位等)较高的,上级的;傲慢的,自大的 n. 上司,上级;长辈

词根记忆:super(上)+ior→上面的人→上级

This individual at times surveyed them from afar with an amused and superior grin. 这个人有时会带着一种愉快而优越的笑容从远处打量他们。

superior to 比…优越

superiority( n. 优秀,优越)

wreath [riːθ]

n. 花圈;花冠,花环

When Lincoln's birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol's National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington. 当2月12日林肯的生日到来时,国会将在国会大厦的国家雕像大厅举行特别联席会议,在华盛顿这座伟大的纪念碑前敬献花圈。

Christmas wreath 圣诞花环

invincible [ɪnˈvɪnsəbl]

adj. 难以征服的,不可战胜的,不能克服的

词根记忆:in(不)+vinc(征服)+ible(能…的)→难以征服的

I don't think there are invincible difficulties in the world. 我认为世界上没有战胜不了的困难。

propel [prəˈpel]

vt. 推进,驱动;驱使

词根记忆:pro(向前)+pel(推)→推进

Perhaps clever marketing has ensured that “basic needs”—for a shower with built-in TV, for a rocket- propelled car—expand continuously. 也许巧妙的营销确保了“基本需求”不断扩大,比如内置电视机的淋浴间,用火箭推进的汽车。

summit [ˈsʌmɪt]

n. 顶点,极点;(山的)尖峰,巅峰;政府首脑会议,高峰会议

This year's summit brought into focus just how important the peace was. 今年的峰会凸显了和平的重要性。

converge [kənˈvɜːdʒ]

vi. 聚集,集中一点,汇合

词根记忆:con(共同)+verg(转)+e→转到一起→聚集

Our interests seemed to converge at this point. 在这一点上,我们的利益似乎趋于一致。

converge on(在一点上)会合,互相靠拢

sustain [səˈsteɪn]

vt. 支撑,承受;维持,支持;蒙受,遭受

词根记忆:sus(在…下面)+tain(拿住)→在下面握住→维持

The sea wall can sustain the shock of the waves. 海堤能承受海浪的冲击。

haggle [ˈhæɡl]

vi. 争论;讨价还价

Holly was always overcharged because she did not haggle . 霍莉总是被多收钱,因为她不讲价。

haggle about/over 就…讨价还价;就…争论

befall [bɪˈfɔːl]

v. 发生在(某人)身上,降临到(某人)头上

词根记忆:be(使)+fall(落下)→降临到(某人)头上

Despite the economic disaster that had befallen his country in the decade he had held power, Bernard was confident of victory. 尽管在伯纳德执政的10年里,他的国家遭遇了经济灾难,但他对胜利充满信心。

flatten [ˈflætn]

v. (使)变平;彻底打败(某人)

来自flat( adj. 平坦的)

flatten out(使)变平

scour [ˈskaʊə(r)]

vt. 彻底搜索(某地)

The police had scoured an area of 30 square miles for the missing child. 警方已搜遍了30平方英里的范围,找寻那个失踪的孩子。

nutrient [ˈnjuːtriənt]

adj. 营养的,滋养的 n. 营养物品,养分

词根记忆:nutri(营养)+ent→营养物品

Their functions are measured and monitored to meet the unique needs of each city for food production, water use, nutrient recycling, and habitat. 人们测量和监测它们的功能,以满足每个城市对粮食产量、水资源利用、养分循环和栖息地的独特需求。

endow [ɪnˈdaʊ]

vt. 赋予,授予;资助,捐赠

“The Future is endowed with such a life, that it lives to us even in anticipation,” Herman Melville wrote. 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔写道:“未来被赋予了这样一种生命,即使在我们的期待中,它也会为我们而活。”

be endowed with 被赐予,被赋予

malignant [məˈlɪɡnənt]

adj. (疾病)恶性的,致命的;有恶意的,恶毒的

联想记忆:malign(恶性的)+ant(…的)→(疾病)恶性的

Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes which are found predominantly in skin but also in the bowel and the eye. 黑色素瘤是一种黑色素细胞的恶性肿瘤,主要存在于皮肤中,也存在于肠道和眼睛中。

malignancy[ n. (疾病)恶性;恶意]

furtive [ˈfɜːtɪv]

adj. 偷偷摸摸的,鬼鬼祟祟的,躲躲闪闪的

联想记忆:fur(毛皮)+tive→偷偷把名贵毛皮卷走了→鬼鬼祟祟的

The glances he devoted to other passengers were furtive and shy. 他对其他乘客投去的目光是躲闪而羞涩的。

facet [ˈfæsɪt]

n. (宝石等的)琢面;(事物等的)一面,方面

词根记忆:fac(脸,面)+et→方面

Each facet of the diamond is elaborately cut. 钻石的每一个切面都经过精心切割。

contemplate [ˈkɒntəmpleɪt]

vt. 沉思,仔细考虑;打算;注视,凝视

As she contemplated the wide windows and imposing signs, she became conscious of being gazed upon and understood for what she was—a wage-seeker. 当她凝视着宽阔的窗户和壮观的标志时,她意识到自己被注视着,被看作一个讨薪者。

bemused [bɪˈmjuːzd]

adj. 困惑不解的,茫然的

词根记忆:be(使…)+mus(娱乐)+ed(…的)→娱乐活动使人感到困惑→困惑不解的

Tim told her to leave, but she just sat there with a bemused expression on her face. 蒂姆让她离开,但她只是坐在那里,脸上带着困惑的表情。

dainty [ˈdeɪnti]

adj. 娇美的,秀丽的;精致的;文雅的 n. 美味的食物;珍品

We should understand that confidence is much more important than a dainty appearance. 我们应该明白,自信比精致的外表重要得多。

wince [wɪns]

vi. (因疼痛、苦恼等而)畏缩,退缩

These store owners wince as they sense bad habit forming. 当这些店主感觉到坏习惯正在形成时,他们畏缩了。

controversy [ˈkɒntrəvɜːsi]

n. 争论,辩论;争议

词根记忆:contro(相反)+vers(转)+y→意见转向相反的方向→争论,辩论

The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy . 这个想法引发了一场激烈的争论。

academic controversy 学术争论

permeate [ˈpɜːmieɪt]

v. 渗透,弥漫;感染,传播

词根记忆:per(贯穿)+meat(在身体里穿过)+e→穿过身体→渗透

A happy and joyful atmosphere permeates the place. 这个地方弥漫着一种幸福快乐的气氛。

shear [ʃɪə(r)]

vt. 剪(羊)毛;折断,扭断

It was time for the sheep to be shorn . 是剪羊毛的时节了。

irrespective [ɪrɪˈspektɪv]

adj. 不考虑的,不顾的

词根记忆:ir(不)+re(重复)+spect(看)+ive(…的)→不重复看→不考虑的

The term “formal learning” is used in this paper to refer to all learning that takes place in the classroom, irrespective of whether such learning is informed by conservative or progressive ideologies. 在本文中,“正式学习”一词指的是在课堂上进行的所有学习(活动),无论这种学习是受到保守的意识形态还是进步的意识形态所影响。

irrespective of 无论

docile [ˈdəʊsaɪl]

adj. 驯服的,易控制的,易教的

词根记忆:doc(教,教导)+ile(能…的)→能教的→驯服的

Circus monkeys are trained to be very docile and obedient. 马戏团的猴子被训练得服服贴贴的。

slight [slaɪt]

adj. 轻微的,少量的;纤弱的,脆弱的 vt. 轻视,藐视,怠慢

联想记忆:s+light(轻的)→轻微的

We feel we are being slighted , or overlooked, or not given our due. 我们觉得自己被轻视了,或者被忽视了,或者没有得到应有的重视。

offensive [əˈfensɪv]

adj. 冒犯的;进攻性的;极讨厌的

词根记忆:of(一再)+fens(打击)+ive(…的)→一再打击别人的→冒犯的

Mr. Anderson says the cumulative effect of these—apparently trivial, but often offensive —is to make everyday life uneasy, unpredictable and unpleasant. 安德森先生说,这些看似微不足道但总是令人反感的事情累积起来,其影响就是让日常生活变得不确定、难以预测和令人不快。

squint [skwɪnt]

vi. 眯着眼睛看,瞟;斜视;患斜视 n. 看,瞥;斜视(症)

The manager had a squint at the employees outside his office and let them in. 经理斜眼看了看办公室外面的员工,让他们进来了。

outrageous [aʊtˈreɪdʒəs]

adj. 骇人的,无法容忍的;惊人的,反常的

词根记忆:outrage(暴行)+ous(…的)→粗暴的行为让人无法容忍→无法容忍的

By diplomatic standards, this was outrageous behaviour. 以外交标准来看,这是令人发指的行为。

outrageously( adv. 凶残地,残暴地)

demean [dɪˈmiːn]

vt. 使丢脸;贬低自己,降低…的身份;贬损

词根记忆:de(降低)+mean(低下)→贬低自己,降低…的身份

Rachel Trickett, honorary fellow and former principal of St. Hugh's College, Oxford, says that the notion of a “lady” protects women rather than demeans them. 牛津大学圣休学院的名誉院士、前校长雷切尔·特里克特表示,“女士”的概念保护女性,而不是贬低她们。

totter [ˈtɒtə(r)]

vi. 踉跄,蹒跚;摇摇欲坠

The country's economy system is tottering toward collapse. 这个国家的经济体系正摇摇晃晃地走向崩溃。

grace [ɡreɪs]

n. 优美,雅致;恩惠,恩赐;风度,魅力

Bloomer lent me his car with a good grace . 布鲁默很大方地把他的车借给了我。

with(a)good grace 痛快地;with(a)bad grace 很不情愿地;in the good graces of 为人所喜爱;in the bad graces of 为人所厌恶

graceful( adj. 优美的,雅致的);gracious( adj. 宽厚的,仁慈的)

crunch [krʌntʃ]

vi. (嘎吱作响地)啃,咬,嚼;在…上嘎吱作响地走 n. 嘎吱声;短缺

The boy was crunching the biscuits in the kitchen. 男孩在厨房里嘎吱嘎吱地吃饼干。

intrinsic [ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk]

adj. 固有的,内在的,本质的

Is there something intrinsic to the Greek language that encourages Greeks to interrupt? 希腊语中是否有某种内在的东西鼓励希腊人插话?

deliberate [dɪˈlɪbəreɪt][dɪˈlɪbərət]

v. 仔细考虑 adj. 故意的;不慌不忙的

词根记忆:de(表加强)+liber(考虑)+ate(使,做)→仔细考虑

On the contrary, writing is much more deliberate . 相反,写作要深思熟虑得多。

deliberation( n. 考虑;商议)

implicit [ɪmˈplɪsɪt]

adj. 含蓄的,不直接表明的;内含的;绝对的,无疑问的

词根记忆:im(进入)+plic(重叠)+it→(意义)叠在里面→含蓄的

My mother gave me an implicit warning to study harder. 母亲含蓄地警告我要更加努力地学习。

be implicit in 内含的,固有的

submit [səbˈmɪt]

v. 服从,屈从;呈送,提交,提出

词根记忆:sub(下级)+mit(送)→下级送到上级→呈送

The first advantage lies in the symbolic nature of the event itself; public officials are supposed to submit to scrutiny by responding to various questions at a press conference. 第一个优势在于事件本身的象征性;公职人员应该通过在新闻发布会上回答各种问题来接受审查。

submit to 屈从于,不得已接受

submission( n. 屈从;提交);submissive( adj. 恭顺的,顺从的)

downhill [ˌdaʊnˈhɪl]

adj. 下山的,下坡的 adv. 向山下;向下

Life seems to have gone downhill since I lost my job. 自从我失业后,生活似乎每况愈下。

go downhill 每况愈下

resume [rɪˈzjuːm]

v. 重新开始;恢复;重新占有,取回,收回

词根记忆:re(重新)+sum(拿)+e→重新拿起→恢复

You can resume your spirit after a short nap at noon. 你可以在中午小睡片刻后恢复精神。

viable [ˈvaɪəbl]

adj. 可行的

词根记忆:via(道路)+ble→有路可走→可行的

After discussing and experimenting for three days, this plan was proved to be viable at last. 经过三天的讨论和试验,这个计划终于被证明是可行的。

evacuate [ɪˈvækjueɪt]

v. (使)撤退,撤离,疏散

词根记忆:e+vacu(空)+ate(使,做)→使变空→撤离

Helicopters were used to evacuate people. 直升机被用来疏散民众。

literate [ˈlɪtərət]

adj. 有读写能力的;有文化的,有学识的

词根记忆:liter(文字)+ate(形容词后缀)→有读写能力的;有文化的

To become literate , a child will need some kind of formal schooling in reading and writing. 要想识字,孩子需要接受某种正规的阅读和写作教育。

warrant [ˈwɒrənt]

n. 授权(证);逮捕状,搜查令;(正当)理由 vt. 使有正当理由;向…保证

I warrant you what he is telling is all true. 我向你保证他所说的都是真的。

gregarious [ɡrɪˈɡeəriəs]

adj. 爱交际的;(指动物)群居的,共生的

词根记忆:greg(群体)+arious→群居的

We live with a value system that I call the Extrovert Ideal—the omnipresent belief that the ideal self is gregarious , alpha, and comfortable in the spotlight. 我们生活在一个我称之为“外向理想”的价值体系中,这是一种无所不在的信念,即理想的自我是合群的、可以成为首领的、在聚光灯下感到舒适的。

rue [ruː]

n. 芸香(常绿灌木) vt. 对(某事物)感到懊悔

Maria is going to rue the day she put me in charge of the firm. 玛丽亚会后悔让我掌管公司的。

rue the day 后悔

rueful( adj. 后悔的)

fugitive [ˈfjuːdʒətɪv]

n. 逃亡者,逃犯 adj. 逃跑的,逃亡的;短暂的,瞬间的

词根记忆:fug(逃)+itive→逃跑的

We should cherish time because the fugitive hours are gone and will never return. 我们应该珍惜时间,因为短暂的时光一去不复返。

violate [ˈvaɪəleɪt]

vt. 违犯,违反;侵犯,妨碍

The sound of guns violated the usual calm of the morning. 枪声打破了清晨一如往常的平静。

violation( n. 违反;干扰)

havoc [ˈhævək]

n. 大破坏,大毁坏

联想记忆:hav(看作have)+oc(看作occur,发生)→有坏事发生→大破坏

What we know of these nomadic pastoralists comes mainly from their periodic forays into India, the Middle East, and China, where they often wreaked havoc and earned a fearsome reputation as enemies of urban life. 我们对这些游牧牧民的了解主要来自他们对印度、中东和中国的周期性袭击,他们经常给这些地方造成严重破坏,赢得了“城市生活的敌人”这一可怕的名声。

wreak havoc on 对…造成破坏

lucrative [ˈluːkrətɪv]

adj. 获利的,赚钱的

词根记忆:lucr(=lucre,钱财)+ative→赚钱的

The Net had two big impacts. One was that it was an exciting, potentially lucrative new industry that had its roots in the U.S. 网络有两大影响。其一,网络是一个令人兴奋的、潜在利润丰厚的新兴行业,它起源于美国。

deform [dɪˈfɔːm]

v. 毁坏…的外形;(使)成畸形

词根记忆:de(毁)+form(形状)→毁掉形状→使成畸形

The child's spine had been deformed by the disease. 这个孩子的脊椎因疾病而变形了。

abolish [əˈbɒlɪʃ]

vt. 废除,取消

词根记忆:a+bol(抛)+ish(使)→抛弃→废除

The Emancipation Proclamation abolished slavery in the United States. 《解放奴隶宣言》废除了美国的奴隶制。

abolition( n. 废止,废除)

bemoan [bɪˈməʊn]

vt. 悲叹,哀怨

词根记忆:be(使)+moan(哀悼)→悲叹

Dr. Athena, sociology lecturer at Reading University, bemoans the deliberate neglect by people of their appearance. 雷丁大学的社会学讲师雅典娜博士对人们故意忽视自身外表的行为感到惋惜。

shove [ʃʌv]

n. / v. 推挤,推撞

You have to give the door a good shove , or it won't close. 你得使劲推这扇门,否则它关不上。

juvenile [ˈdʒuːvənaɪl]

adj. 青少年的;幼稚的

词根记忆:juven(年轻)+ile(…的)→青少年的

Is it just a coincidence that juvenile crime is on the rise? 青少年犯罪呈上升趋势,这只是巧合吗?

momentary [ˈməʊməntri]

adj. 瞬息间的,短暂的

来自moment( n. 瞬间)

After a momentary pause, the meeting went on. 稍作停顿后,会议继续进行。

coax [kəʊks]

vt. 哄诱,劝诱;用诱哄得到,诱取

Ann coaxed her friend into accompanying her to go shopping. 安哄她的朋友陪她去购物。

coax sb. into doing sth. 劝诱某人做某事

temporal [ˈtempərəl]

adj. 世俗的,现世的;时间的,表示时间的;太阳穴的

词根记忆:tempor(时间)+al→时间的

We live in a universe which has spatial and temporal dimensions. 我们生活在一个有空间和时间维度的宇宙中。

depart [dɪˈpɑːt]

v. 启程,离开;辞世

This bus departs at 10 am, returning at around 2∶30 pm. 这辆公共汽车上午十点出发,下午两点半左右返回。

depart for 动身去…;depart from 从…动身

departure( n. 离开,启程)

generic [dʒəˈnerɪk]

adj. 一般的,普通的,通用的

词根记忆:gener(种族)+ic→所有种族的→通用的

Do you know the generic term for this kind of drink? 你知道这种饮料的通用名称吗?

chic [ʃiːk]

n. / adj. 别致(的),时髦(的),讲究(的)

Jane specializes in clothing so she always looks very chic . 简专门研究服装,所以她看起来总是很时髦。

artful [ˈɑːtfl]

adj. 狡猾的,欺诈的;熟练的;精巧的,巧妙的

The sculpture is an artful blend of classical and modern elements. 这座雕塑巧妙地融合了古典和现代元素。

shatter [ˈʃætə(r)]

v. 粉碎,损毁

A failure would shatter the hopes of many people. 一次失败会粉碎很多人的希望。

grip [ɡrɪp]

n. 紧握,紧抓;支配,控制;理解,了解 vt. 握牢,抓牢;影响,支配,控制;使感兴趣

Officials of the World Food Program(WFP)said they are receiving information that famine has gripped parts of Central Afghanistan. 世界粮食计划署(WFP)的官员表示,他们收到的信息显示阿富汗中部部分地区已经发生饥荒。

juggle [ˈdʒʌɡl]

v. 耍花招,欺骗;耍把戏,玩杂耍;尽量兼顾 n. 花招,骗局;杂耍

Sam went to prison for juggling with his firm's accounts. 萨姆因篡改公司账目而入狱。

evoke [ɪˈvəʊk]

vt. 引起,唤起(感情或记忆)

词根记忆:e(出)+vok(叫喊)+e→喊出来→唤起

The old song in the concert evoked the memories of our childhood. 音乐会上的那首老歌唤起了我们对童年的回忆。

evocative( adj. 引起回忆的;唤起感情的)

ascribe [əˈskraɪb]

vt. 把…归因于,认为…是某人所做

词根记忆:a+scrib(写)+e→认为是…写的→把…归因于

I ascribed my success to the faith for it and hard work. 我把成功归功于对它的信念和努力工作。

ascribe sth. to sb./sth. 将某事归因于某人/某事

prevalent [ˈprevələnt]

adj. 普遍的,流行的,盛行的

词根记忆:pre(前)+val(力量)+ent(…的)→游走在前面的力量→流行的

In the United States, working longer hours is prevalent in all sectors of society. 在美国,延长工作时间在社会各行业都很普遍。

You have to believe in yourself. That's the secret of success.

人必须相信自己,这是成功的秘诀。

——英国演员 卓别林(Charlie Chaplin, British actor) ZyytuQpP8mk0RtUU7/NuaTrKNw7HWQ56yLApNcjxmjle3D22kFvhWUMUcZt6f2Bz

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