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[1] 本章原载《近代中国》英文版（ Modern China ）第17卷第3期，1991年7月。是我在完成《华北》和《长江》后的进一步思考，后来引起国内的一些讨论（连载于《史学理论研究》1993年第1、2、3、4期，以及1994年第1、2期）。 UFU7aYGnJ64b3TNt7H7lVRMD2XVrOyUrSCKH6itxc9M34TxF2cIenCy/CoOQ6plT