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Word List 04

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transport [trænˈspɔːt][ˈtrænspɔːt]

vt. 运输,输送 n. 运输;运输工具

词根记忆:trans(转移)+port(运送)→运送转移的东西→运输

We recycle our newspapers and bottles, we take public transport to get to work, and we try to buy locally produced fruit and vegetables, and we want to take these attitudes on holiday with us. 我们循环利用报纸和瓶子,我们乘公共交通工具去上班,我们设法购买当地生产的水果和蔬菜,我们希望带着这样的态度去度假。

transportation( n. 运输;运输工具)

border [ˈbɔːdə(r)]

n. 边,边缘;边界,国界 vt. 与…接壤;毗邻

border control 边境管制

recommend [ˌrekəˈmend]

v. 推荐,介绍;劝告,建议

联想记忆:re(一再)+com(共同)+mend(修改)→再次召集大家修改→建议

I recommend this book to anyone who has an interest in chemistry. 我把这本书推荐给对化学感兴趣的人。

recommendation( n. 推荐;建议;介绍信)

circle [ˈsɜːkl]

n. 圆,圈,环状物;圆圈;圈子 v. 盘旋,环行;圈出

词根记忆:circ(圆,圈)+le→圆圈

The birds circled around in the air. 鸟儿在空中盘旋。

persuade [pəˈsweɪd]

v. 说服,劝服,使…相信

If you're taking part in a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument. 如果你在参加一场辩论,你需要说服听众,让他们相信你的论点是可靠的。

persuasion( n. 劝服;信念,信仰);persuasive( adj. 有说服力的)

persuade, convince
二者都有“说服”的意思。persuade指用感情、个人理由等主观因素去劝服某人;convince强调用客观证据、事实等使某人确信并将其说服。

ease [iːz]

n. 舒适,自在;容易,不费力 v. 减轻(痛苦、负担等),缓和;放松,自在;小心缓慢地移动

The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. 市议会正在进行一项庞大的道路建设计划,以缓解交通拥堵。

at ease 舒适,不拘束

attend [əˈtend]

v. 出席;照料,侍候;注意,专心

联想记忆:at+tend(伸展)→伸长了脖子听→专心

The reception was attended by prominent members of the local community. 当地社区的知名人士参加了招待会。

attend to 处理;照料

attendance( n. 出席,到场;出席人数);attendant( n. 服务员)

disappoint [ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt]

vt. 使失望,使扫兴;使(希望等)破灭

联想记忆:dis(不)+appoint(任命)→没被任命,所以失望→使失望

Late delivery of the goods has caused us to disappoint several of our most valued customers. 延迟交货使得一些最尊贵的客户对我们失望了。

disappointing( adj. 令人失望的);disappointment( n. 失望,扫兴)

fundamental [ˌfʌndəˈmentl]

adj. 基础的,基本的;根本的;主要的 n. [pl.]基本原则(或原理),根本法则(或规律),纲要

词根记忆:funda(=fund,基础)+ment(表名词)+al(…的)→基础的

Behind the texting explosion is a fundamental shift in how we view our mobile devices. 短信猛增的背后是我们对移动设备的看法的根本转变。

fundamental, elementary
二者都有“基本的”之意。fundamental指“基本的;根本的”,着重于本质根源,如:a fundamental law;elementary强调初级的、简单的或基本元素,如:an elementary need。

nature [ˈneɪtʃə(r)]

n. 大自然;本性,天性;基本性质

词根记忆:nat(出生的)+ure(表状态)→本性

He is very sensitive by nature . 他生性很敏感。

natural( adj. 自然的);naturally( adv. 当然;天生地)

symptom [ˈsɪmptəm]

n. 征候,征兆;症状

The deadly disease is hopelessness. The lawlessness and poverty are only the obvious symptoms . 致命的疾病是绝望。违法和贫穷只是明显的症状罢了。

perform [pəˈfɔːm]

v. 做,实行;表演

Everyone should try his best to perform his promise. 每个人都应该尽力去履行自己的诺言。

performance( n. 履行;表现;演出);performer( n. 表演者,演奏者)

cheer [tʃɪə(r)]

v. 使振奋,使高兴;为…喝彩,向…欢呼 n. 振奋;欢呼,喝彩

Cheer leading is not just about cheering . It practices special shouts, dances, and athletic shows. 拉拉队不只是喝彩。它需要练习特别的喊叫、舞蹈和运动表演。

cheer up 鼓舞,(使)振作起来

cheerful( adj. 快乐的;使人振奋的);cheerfully( adv. 愉快地)

imply [ɪmˈplaɪ]

vt. 暗指,暗示;表明;必然包含

词根记忆:im(向内)+ply(折叠)→折向里面→暗指,暗示

Their research thus implies a different character model, which is supposed to manipulate the neural networks inside. 因此,他们的研究暗示了一种不同的性格模式,这种性格模式应该是用来控制内在的神经系统网络的。

implication( n. 暗示)

reward [rɪˈwɔːd]

n. 奖励;报酬;回报;赏金,酬金 vt. 给(某人)报酬或奖赏

Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habits—cue, routine, reward . 研究人员也开始理解习惯的构成——暗示、惯例、奖赏。

award, compensation, prize, reward
这四个词都与“奖品,酬劳”有关。award既可作名词,表示奖金、奖品,也可作动词,表示由于某优点而授予奖金;compensation多强调“赔偿,补偿”;prize与award相似,一般指比赛中获得的奖品,作名词;reward侧重指“报酬”,指由于做了某事而获得报答或奖金。

forum [ˈfɔːrəm]

n. 讲坛,讨论会场,论坛

The website aims to provide a forum for discussion and debate. 这家网站旨在为讨论和辩论提供一个论坛。

request [rɪˈkwest]

n. 请求,要求 vt. 请求,要求

词根记忆:re(一再)+quest(寻求)→请求,要求

All members are requested to attend the annual meeting. 请全体成员务必参加年会。

request, ask, solicit
三个词都含有“请求,要求”的意思。request较正式,指礼貌的请求;ask最常见,如:ask sb. to do sth.;solicit也是正式用语,指恭敬而认真地请求,如:solicit sb. for help。

belong [bɪˈlɒŋ]

vi. 属于;应在(某处)

The deepest of Paul's love belonged to his mother. 保罗内心最深处的爱属于他的母亲。

belong to 属于;(事件、比赛等中某人)最受欢迎

belongings( n. 财产,所有物)

reduce [rɪˈdjuːs]

vt. 减少,缩减,降低;使降至(某种状态或境地)

The party's reduced vote in the general election was indicative of lack of support for its policies. 该党在大选中的选票减少,表明其政策缺乏支持。

confident [ˈkɒnfɪdənt]

adj. 确信的;自信的

Jane went from being a shy little girl to a confident woman. 简从一个害羞的小女孩变成了一个自信的女人。

confidently( adv. 自信地)

circumstance [ˈsɜːkəmstəns]

n. [pl.]情况,情形;环境;[pl.]境况,境遇

词根记忆:circum(周围)+st(站)+ance→站在周围的东西→环境

Even under the worst of circumstances , we believe we are in control of our lives. 即使在最坏的情况下,我们仍相信我们掌控着自己的生活。

under the circumstances 在那种情况下;under no circumstances 无论如何也不,决不

extra [ˈekstrə]

adj. 额外的 adv. 额外;特别地 n. 额外的东西

There is an extra circuit board inside my computer. 我的电脑里有一块额外的电路板。

register [ˈredʒɪstə(r)]

v. 登记,注册;发表意见,提出主张 n. 登记簿,注册簿

The older woman signed the hotel register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. 那位年长的女士在酒店登记簿上签字,然后退了回去,在那位年轻女士的旁边徘徊。

registration( n. 登记,注册;挂号)

troop [truːp]

n. (人、动物的)群;军队 v. 成群结队而行

Presently a bell rang, and they all trooped into school. 现在,铃声响了,他们都成群结队进了学校。

sort [sɔːt]

n. 种类,类别;某一类人 vt. 分类,整理;妥善处理

本身为词根:种类

I waste an average of ten minutes a day just on sorting out junk mail. 我每天光是挑出垃圾邮件平均就要浪费十分钟。

all sorts of 各种各样的

advantage [ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ]

n. 优势,有利条件;优点

词根记忆:advant(看作advance, 前进)+age(表行为)→前进,进步→优势

As my exams are coming next week, I'll take advantage of the weekend to catch up on some reading. 因为下周就要考试了,所以我要利用这个周末来补习一下阅读。

take advantage of 利用;to one's advantage 对某人有利

advantageous( adj. 有利的)

practical [ˈpræktɪkl]

adj. 实际的,实践的;实用的;讲实效的

词根记忆:practic(e)(实行)+al→实用的

Some people think that reading literature is frivolous, or not practical . 有些人认为,阅读文学作品是无聊的或不实用的。

unpractical( adj. 不现实的)

charge [tʃɑːdʒ]

v. 要价,收费;控告;指责;充电;冲锋 n. 费用;照管;控告;指责;电荷

If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged . 如果你想把你的记忆保存在智能手机上,最好确保它充满电。

survive [səˈvaɪv]

v. 生存,存活;残存,幸存,生还;比…活得长

词根记忆:sur(上)+viv(生命)+e→活在死亡之上→幸存

We have to adjust the structure of our products so as to survive in the keen competition. 我们必须调整我们的产品结构,以便在激烈的竞争中生存下来。

survival( n. 生存;残存物,幸存事物);survivor( n. 幸存者)

reject [rɪˈdʒekt][ˈriːdʒekt]

vt. 抛弃,丢弃;拒绝,不接受 n. 废品,次品;被拒收者

词根记忆:re(回)+ject(扔,投掷)→被扔回来→拒绝

Today, many smokers are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. 如今,许多吸烟者不被允许进入餐厅、酒吧、公共建筑甚至其工作场所。

rejection( n. 拒绝;抛弃)

reject, refuse, deny
三个词都有“拒绝”的意思,但侧重点不同。reject强调不接纳、不接受,语气较强烈,通常只接名词或代词;refuse较常见,表示坚决拒绝,既可跟名词,也可跟不定式;deny多指否认,如:deny a statement。

balance [ˈbæləns]

vt. 相抵,抵消;使平衡;权衡 n. 天平;平衡;结欠;余额

House repairs, holidays, school fees and other expenses have reduced his bank balance to almost nothing. 房屋维修费、度假花销、学费和其他方面的开支几乎掏空了他所有的积蓄。

complex [ˈkɒmpleks]

adj. 复杂的;(语法)复合的 n. 建筑群;相关联的一组事物;情节

词根记忆:com(表加强)+plex(重叠)→全部重叠→复杂的

Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. 最后,他极具想象力,因为他经常要寻找数据之间的关系,而这些数据不仅复杂还经常是不完整的。

complexity( n. 复杂性;错综复杂的事物)

complex, complicated, intricate
三个词都有“复杂的”之意。complex指事物的复杂程度需要经过研究并具有足够的知识才能理解;complicated指由各种紧密相连的部分组成,非常难以分析、理解,如:a complicated piece of machinery;intricate指事物各个部分以令人迷惑的方式交织在一起,使人难以理清头绪,如:The mystery story has an intricate plot.。

arise [əˈraɪz]

vi. 发生,出现;由…引起;站起来,起立,起身

词根记忆:a(表加强)+rise(出现;上升)→出现;起身

She arose at length and opened the door. 她终于站起来,打开了门。

arise from 源自

imagine [ɪˈmædʒɪn]

v. 想象,设想,幻想;认为;猜测

Imagine a book that never ends, a library with a million floors, or imagine a research project with thousands of scientists working around the clock forever. 想象一本永不会结束的书、一栋百万层高的图书馆,或是想象一个由数千名科学家参与并一直昼夜忙碌的研究项目。

imaginable( adj. 可想象的);imaginary( adj. 想象的,虚构的);imaginative( adj. 富于想象力的);imagination( n. 想象力;幻觉)

imagine, fancy
二者都有“想象”之意。imagine指比较富有创造性的想象,较常用;fancy特指幻想,强调是虚构的,指想入非非,幻想不可能成真的事,它既可作动词,也可作形容词和名词。

clause [klɔːz]

n. 从句;(合同、法例等)条款

联想记忆:because引导从句(clause)

committee [kəˈmɪti]

n. 委员会

词根记忆:commit(把…委托给)+tee→受委托→委员会

The committee comprises ten people. 该委员会由10人组成。

mission [ˈmɪʃn]

n. 使命,任务;代表团,特使团

Had it not been for the attempted rescue mission , the hostages might still be alive. 如果没有尝试进行救援任务,人质可能还活着。

attract [əˈtrækt]

v. 引起…的注意(或兴趣);吸引

词根记忆:at(表加强)+tract(拉)→拉过来→吸引

London attracts shoppers from all over the world. 伦敦吸引了来自世界各地的购物者。

attraction( n. 吸引力,诱惑力);attractive( adj. 有吸引力的)

official [əˈfɪʃl]

adj. 官方的,正式的;公务的 n. 官员,要员

It's a shame that the city official should have gone back on his word. 市政府官员竟然食言了,真令人遗憾。

unofficial( adj. 非官方的,非正式的)

melt [melt]

v. (使)融化,(使)熔化;(使)消散,(使)消失;(态度等)软化

My heart melted at the child's tears. 孩子的眼泪使我心软了。

melt, dissolve
melt特指固体因为加热变成液体,如:The snow melts.;dissolve指固体在溶剂中溶解,如:Salt dissolves in water.。

shut [ʃʌt]

v. 关闭;停止营业 adj. 关闭的;停业的

He kept the windows shut , for fear of burglars. 他让窗户关着,怕有窃贼进来。

encounter [ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)]

v. 偶遇,邂逅;遭遇,遇到 n. 相遇;遭遇;会战;意外的相见

词根记忆:en(使)+counter(相反)→使从两个相反方向来→偶遇

Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter . 成年人也需要补充知识储备,以定位和评估他们遇到的新信息。

engine [ˈendʒɪn]

n. 引擎,发动机;火车头

Every time I start the engine , there's a strange knocking sound. 每次我发动引擎都有一种奇怪的敲打声。

flow [fləʊ]

v. 流动,涌出;大量供应;飘扬 n. 流动,流量;持续供应

There are all these torrents of passion flowing through you. 所有这些激情的洪流在你身上流淌。

schedule [ˈʃedjuːl]

n. 日程安排;计划;时刻表;明细表 vt. 预定,安排

The Tennessee Bun Company opened ahead of schedule in 1997, in time for a slump in U.S. fast-food sales for McDonald's. 田纳西州面包公司在1997年提前开业,正赶上麦当劳在美国快餐业的销售量急剧下降。

essential [ɪˈsenʃl]

adj. 必不可少的;本质的,实质的,基本的 n. [pl.]必需品;本质,要素

联想记忆:es+sent(感觉)+ial→感觉得到的→实质的

English and computer skills are essential for the job. 对于这个工作,英语和计算机技能是必不可少的。

appeal [əˈpiːl]

n. 感染力,吸引力;恳求,呼吁;上诉 v. 呼吁,恳求;诉诸;有吸引力;上诉

词根记忆:ap(表加强)+peal(巨大的声音)→巨大的呼喊声→呼吁

Humiliation is the greatest fear; self-exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. 丢脸是最大的恐惧,其次是担心暴露自我和不能吸引听众。

appeal to 呼吁;上诉;对…有吸引力

appealing( adj. 吸引人的)

quarter [ˈkwɔːtə(r)]

n. 四分之一;一刻钟;季度;(城镇的)区 vt. 把…分成四部分;供…食宿

a bad quarter of an hour 难熬的片刻;at close quarters 彼此非常接近

quarterly[ adj. / adv. 每季的(地) n. 季刊]

justice [ˈdʒʌstɪs]

n. 公正,公平;合理,公道;法律裁判,司法制度

bring sb. to justice 将某人绳之以法

beat [biːt]

v. 打,敲;打败,取胜;(心)跳动 n. 敲击;跳动;节拍;(警察、哨兵的)巡逻地段

Philip's heart beat so that he could hardly breathe, and he was more frightened than he had ever been in his life. 菲利普的心怦怦乱跳,感觉要喘不过气来了。他自出生以来,从未受到过这么大的惊吓。

beat up sb. 痛打某人;beat time 打拍子;beat about the bush 绕弯子说话

observe [əbˈzɜːv]

v. 观察;遵守,奉行;评论;庆祝

He will observe Thanksgiving with family members. 他将与家人一起庆祝感恩节。

observable( adj. 能看得到的;能察觉到的);observation( n. 观察,注意);observatory( n. 天文台,气象台);observer( n. 观察者,观察员)

senior [ˈsiːniə(r)]

adj. 级别高的,资深的 n. 年长者;级别较高者;(高中、大学的)毕业班学生

词根记忆:sen(老的,年长的)+ior→年长者

Jane will be a senior this year. 简今年将成为毕业班学生了。

disturb [dɪˈstɜːb]

v. 打扰,扰乱,妨碍;弄乱;使不安,使烦恼,使担忧

词根记忆:dis(分开)+turb(搅动)→搅开了→扰乱

This indeed disturbs her, because the important habitual neural networks are not formed by mere routine, nor can they be reversed by clever cues. 这的确令她不安,因为重要的习惯神经网络无法仅仅通过惯例形成,也无法通过巧妙的暗示被彻底改变。

disturbance( n. 打扰;烦恼;混乱)

disturb, agitate, perturb
disturb指烦恼、干扰等打乱了人的平静,使人心神不能安宁;agitate强调引起强烈的精神上或感情上的冲动,如:The man was agitated by grief.;perturb指因心情不定、失望等产生令人烦恼或不安的后果,如:Mother was much perturbed by my illness.。

philosophy [fəˈlɒsəfi]

n. 哲学,哲理;哲学思想;处世态度,生活信条

Expecting to spend long evenings in learned discussion with clever people, I started reading philosophy . 我期待与睿智之人在夜晚长谈,进行学术方面的探讨,便开始读起了哲学。

philosopher( n. 哲学家);philosophic(al)( adj. 哲学的;豁达的)

script [skrɪpt]

n. 手迹,笔迹;手稿,原稿;剧本;广播稿

A script can sometimes work and it is used to help most speakers. 稿子有时可以起作用,它是用来帮助大多数演讲者的。

procedure [prəˈsiːdʒə(r)]

n. 程序,步骤,手续;手术

I want to get a new passport but I don't know the procedure . 我想办一个新护照,但不清楚办理手续。

mechanical [məˈkænɪkl]

adj. 机械的;机械驱动的;呆板的

词根记忆:mechan(机械)+ical→机械的

mechanical engineer 机械工程师

aside [əˈsaɪd]

adv. 在旁边;留,存;除了

词根记忆:a(在…)+side(旁边)→在旁边

Aside from that unfortunate business, everything is fine. 除了那件不幸的事情外,一切都很好。

aside from 除…以外

bright [braɪt]

adj. 明亮的;晴朗的;鲜艳的;欢快活泼的;聪明的;光明的

There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright , probably with wine. 他的嘴角挂着微笑,目光发亮,可能是喝了酒。

brighten[ v. (使)发光;(使)活跃]

brand [brænd]

n. 商标,品牌;烙印;独特类型 vt. 在…打烙印;败坏…名声

The new product's brand name and packaging were an important part of the development process. 这款新产品的品牌名称和包装是其研发过程中的重要部分。

stir [stɜː(r)]

v. 搅和,搅拌;(使)微动;激发,打动;逐渐产生 n. 搅拌,搅和;震动,激动

All music has this feature: it is based upon the power of sound to stir our senses and feelings. 所有的音乐都有这样一个特点:借助声音的力量激发我们的感觉与情感。

gratitude [ˈɡrætɪtjuːd]

n. 感谢,感激

We avail ourselves of this opportunity to express our heartful gratitude to you. 借此机会,我们向您表示衷心的感谢。

frustrate [frʌˈstreɪt]

vt. 挫败;阻挠;使灰心

The team's efforts to score were frustrated by the opposing goalkeeper. 对方的守门员让该队射门得分的努力付诸东流。

frustration( n. 挫败,受挫)

ensure [ɪnˈʃʊə(r)]

vt. 担保,保证(获得),使…必然发生;使安全

词根记忆:en(使)+sure(肯定)→使肯定→保证

If you intend to melt the snow for drinking water, you can ensure extra purity by running it through a coffee filter. 如果你想把雪融化成饮用水,你可以通过使用咖啡过滤器来确保额外的纯度。

assure, ensure, insure
assure既可指保证某事,又可指使某人确信某事,后面必须跟人称代词或指人的名词作宾语,常与介词of连用,如:Their guarantee assures customers of fast delivery.;ensure指确保、担保某件事或行为会发生,也可指保证某人得到好处或确保某人不受伤害。insure表示“确认”时可与ensure互换,除此之外,还有“给…投保”的意思。

relieve [rɪˈliːv]

vt. 减轻,解除(痛苦或困难);缓和,缓解;换班,接替

词根记忆:re+liev(变轻)+e→痛苦变轻→减轻

The daisy-like flowers of chamomile have been used for centuries to relieve anxiety and insomnia. 几个世纪以来,雏菊状花朵洋甘菊被用来缓解焦虑和失眠。

relief[ n. (痛苦、困苦等的)减轻;救济物]

release, relieve
二者都有“解放,释放”的意思。release指从痛苦中解放出来,常跟from连用;relieve指暂时减缓或减轻,并非彻底根除。

advise [ədˈvaɪz]

v. 劝告,忠告,建议;提出建议;通知

词根记忆:ad(表加强)+vis(看)+e→让人看到危险→劝告

If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he would be able to advise you much better than I can. 如果你向你的律师说明情况,他能比我更好地为你提供建议。

advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

advice( n. 劝告,建议);advisable( adj. 可取的;明智的);adviser/advisor( n. 顾问;劝告者);advisory( adj. 咨询的;劝告性的)

companion [kəmˈpæniən]

n. 同伴,伙伴;志趣相同的人;陪伴;陪护;指南,手册

companionship( n. 友谊,交谊)

seldom [ˈseldəm]

adv. 很少,不常

Seldom did I ask him for help. 我很少向他求助。

exchange [ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ]

vt. 交换;兑换 n. 交换,互换;交流;争论;兑换交易所

词根记忆:ex+change(变换)→双方相互交换→交换;交流

Remember that in exchange for those blessings, you must give something back. 记住,为了换取那些好事,你必须回馈一些东西。

assume [əˈsjuːm]

v. 假定,设想;承担,接受;装出,佯作;呈现

词根记忆:as+sum(拿,取)+e→拿东西就要担责任→承担

I didn't see your car, so I assumed you'd gone out. 我没有看见你的汽车,所以我以为你出去了。

assuming that... 假定…

assumption( n. 假定,假设;假装)

criticize/-ise [ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz]

v. 批评,挑剔;评价,评论

词根记忆:crit(判断)+ic+ize(使)→使做出判断→评价

This mother had rarely criticized any of her children. 这位母亲很少批评她的任何一个孩子。

criticism( n. 批评,批判;评论)

criticize, blame, condemn
criticize是评价或批评,一般指不利的评价,但不是故意非难,感情上比较中立;blame意为“责备,责怪”,指认为某人应对某件不好的事负责,如:He blamed the accident on the other driver.;condemn指强烈地谴责。

betray [bɪˈtreɪ]

vt. 背叛,出卖;辜负,不忠于;泄露(秘密等);(无意中)流露

That was not the first time he had betrayed us. I think it's high time we took strong actions against him. 那已经不是他第一次背叛我们了。我认为是时候狠狠惩罚他一下了。

betray oneself 泄露信息;流露情感

contribute [kənˈtrɪbjuːt]

v. 捐助,捐赠;投稿;贡献,对…做出贡献;是…的原因之一

词根记忆:con(表加强)+tribut(给予)+e→全部给予→捐赠

Sally contributed a lot to the project, but she never once accepted all the credit for herself. 莎莉为这项工程做出了很大的贡献,但她从未将所有的功劳都归于自己。

contribute to 为…做出贡献;给…投稿

contribution( n. 捐款;投稿;贡献);contributor( n. 投稿人;捐助者;促成物)

typical [ˈtɪpɪkl]

adj. 典型的,有代表性的;一贯的;特有的

a typical example 典型的例子

typically( adv. 典型地)

behave [bɪˈheɪv]

v. 举动,表现;表现得体,有礼貌

词根记忆:be+have(有)→所拥有的动作→举动,表现

He behaved like a seriously odd person, talking off the top of his head. 他即兴发言的时候表现得像个十足的怪人。

behavio(u)r( n. 举止,行为)

behave, conduct
这两个词都指行为举止,后面常常跟反身代词。behave通常指行为举止恰当,有规矩,有礼貌;conduct指处于特定场合下的行为举止,如:The boy conducted well at the party.。

recall [rɪˈkɔːl]

v. 回忆起,回想起;使想起;召回,收回 n. 回忆;记忆力;召回,收回

词根记忆:re(相反)+call(喊)→喊回来→召回

The policeman asked the witness to recall the accident. 警察让目击者回忆事故的经过。

recall, remember, remind
三个词都有“回忆,想起”的意思。recall指有意识地去回想,如:recall my childhood;remember较常用,没有特指努力去回忆,而是本来就在记忆中;remind特指“由…启发而想起”,常用搭配为remind sb. of sth.。

bore [bɔː(r)]

v. 钻(孔);挖(洞);使厌烦;盯着看 n. 令人生厌的人(或事)

Carrie was bored with her idle life at home. 卡丽已经厌倦了待在家里的懒散生活。

bored( adj. 无聊的;厌烦的);boring( adj. 单调乏味的,令人厌倦的);boredom( n. 厌烦,厌倦)

cancel [ˈkænsl]

v. 取消;删去,省略,划掉;废除

Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people's privacy. 电话会议被取消或者革新了,可视电话闯入了人们的私生活。

popularity [ˌpɒpjuˈlærəti]

n. 普及,受欢迎

来自popular( adj. 流行的)

The novels of this writer have gained in popularity over recent years. 近年来这位作家的小说渐受欢迎。

facility [fəˈsɪləti]

n. [pl.]设备,工具;简易,便利;技能,熟练

词根记忆:fac(做)+ility(表性质)→做多了→熟练

The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages and must fill facility in the handling of his target language. 翻译人员必须掌握过硬的、最新的源语言知识,并对目标语言有很强的驾驭能力。

appliance, equipment, facility
这三个词都有“设备,设施”的意思。appliance常用来指电器设备或电器元件,如:Housework has been made easier by electrical appliances.;equipment泛指任何能够完成某项工作的工具或设施,是不可数名词,如:Thieves stole all the video equipment from the college.;facility指可以使人的工作更加便利的设备,通常用复数形式。

restore [rɪˈstɔː(r)]

vt. 归还,交还;恢复,复兴;修复,重建;使复职(或复位)

Maybe this success will restore your confidence. 或许这次成功会让你恢复自信。

restoration( n. 恢复;修复)

approach [əˈprəʊtʃ]

v. 接近,靠近;与…接洽,与…交涉;处理,对付 n. 接近,靠近;态度;方法;道路

词根记忆:ap+proach(接近,靠近)→接近,靠近

Now, Twitter, instant messaging, e-mail, blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication—but none can replace the role of a great speech. 现在,推特、即时通信、电子邮件、博客和聊天论坛提供了相互竞争的交流方式——但是没有一种方式能代替一场优秀演讲的地位。

approachable( adj. 平易近人的)

concept [ˈkɒnsept]

n. 概念,观念,思想

词根记忆:con+cept(抓)→大脑里牢牢抓住的东西→概念,观念

The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. 和平的概念在世界各地的文化中都是非常重要的。

conception( n. 构思;理解);conceptual( adj. 概念的)

desperate [ˈdespərət]

adj. 绝望的,孤注一掷的;不顾一切的;渴望的;极严重的

词根记忆:de(去掉)+sper(希望)+ate(的)→去掉希望的→绝望的

I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize pears, when a window behind me was raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: “Step in here, please.” 我正打算不顾一切豁出脸面去捡梨时,我身后的一扇窗子打开了,一位先生从里面发话:“请进来吧。”

desperately( adv. 拼命地;绝望地);desperation( n. 绝望;拼命)

desperate, despair
desperate指一种驱使人冒险、做出不好行动的绝望;despair则指的是完全没有希望。

weep [wiːp]

v. 流泪,哭泣

Alice wept for the loss of her mother. 爱丽丝因母亲去世而哭泣。

digital [ˈdɪdʒɪtl]

adj. 数字的;数码的

来自digit( n. 数字)

protest [prəˈtest][ˈprəʊtest]

v. 抗议,反对;断言 n. 抗议,反对;断言,声明

The employees of the textile company came out on strike in protest at the poor working conditions. 纺织公司的雇员们公开罢工以抗议恶劣的工作环境。

protest, oppose, object
这三个词都有“反对”的意思,但用法不同。protest一般接against或从句,表示“反对、抗议某事”;oppose侧重“反对”这一动作,直接接宾语,表示以积极行动来反对,常用搭配是be opposed to,较少含个人情感;object表示对所反对事物的强烈厌恶,后面一般接“to+名词/动名词”。

discourage [dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒ]

vt. 使丧失信心,使灰心;阻拦,劝阻

No leaders of church or state introduced measures to discourage them. 教会或国家的领导人都没有采取措施来劝阻他们。

conflict [ˈkɒnflɪkt][kənˈflɪkt]

n. 斗争;冲突;抵触,矛盾 vi. (思想、观点等) 抵触,冲突

词根记忆:con(共同)+flict(打击)→冲突

Philip found himself in conflict with his parents over his future career. 菲利普发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。

indeed [ɪnˈdiːd]

adv. 实际上;确实;真正地

He speaks English well indeed , but of course not so fluently as a native speaker. 他的英语说得确实不错,但当然不如母语是英语的人说得流利。

mental [ˈmentl]

adj. 智力的,思想的;精神健康的;疯狂的

词根记忆:ment(头脑,智力)+al→思想的

Many students could get the answer by mental arithmetic. 很多学生能用心算得出答案。

mentality( n. 思想,心态)

mental, spiritual
两个词都与“精神”有关。mental是相对于physical的,即与生理相对的“心理上的,精神上的,智力上的”,如:mental disease;spiritual相对于material,指“心灵的”,如:spiritual life。

attempt [əˈtempt]

vt. 尝试,试图 n. 尝试,企图;努力

词根记忆:at(表加强)+tempt(尝试)→尝试

I feel accomplished, and I'm more confident about attempting things I've never done before. 我觉得很有成就感,对于之前从没做过的事情,我更有信心去尝试。

attempt to do sth. 试图/尝试做某事

despite [dɪˈspaɪt]

prep. 尽管,不顾,虽然

与despise( v. 鄙视)仅差一个字母

Despite the poor quality of the video, the police believe the robbers are distinct enough to be identified. 尽管视频的画面效果不太好,警方还是认为抢劫犯的特征足够明显,能够辨认出来。

breath [breθ]

n. 呼吸;呼气;空气的轻微流动

The delicious breath of rain was in the air. 空中弥漫着清新的雨的气息。

breathless( adj. 气喘吁吁的);breathtaking( adj. 激动人心的,惊人的)

stage [steɪdʒ]

n. 舞台;活动或注意的中心;阶段;步,步骤 v. 上演;举行;策划;使发生

Researchers say people are more likely to use text-based communication at the preliminary stages of projects. 研究人员表示,人们更有可能在项目初期阶段使用基于短信的沟通方式。

at this stage 眼下,目前;stage by stage 逐步地

convince [kənˈvɪns]

v. 使确信,使信服;说服

词根记忆:con(表加强)+vinc(征服)+e→彻底征服对方→说服

He convinces his campaign manager that if he is to be successful in his election bid for a Senate seat, he is in need of a make-over. 他说服他的竞选经理,如果他想成功竞选参议院席位,他需要彻底改变形象。

convincing( adj. 有说服力的,令人信服的)

entertain [ˌentəˈteɪn]

v. 招待;使欢乐,给…娱乐;心存,怀有(想法、希望等)

联想记忆:enter(进入)+tain(拿住)→进去随便拿,我请客→招待

The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying tribute, entertaining , or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something. 口头语言有多种重要的功能:劝说或鼓励、告知、致敬、娱乐,或只是介绍某人或某物,或接受某物。

entertainer( n. 演艺人员);entertaining( adj. 使人愉快的,有趣的);entertainment( n. 招待,款待;文娱节目)

reasonable [ˈriːznəbl]

adj. 合情合理的;有理智的,明智的;公道的,不太贵的;不错的

词根记忆:reason(道理)+able(可…的)→有道理的→合情合理的

The results I got in the math paper were quite reasonable . 我数学考卷的得分是非常合理的。

contemporary [kənˈtemprəri]

adj. 当代的;同时代的 n. 同代人,同辈人,同龄人

词根记忆:con(共同)+tempor(时间)+ary(表人)→同代人

The Turner Prize is an award for a British contemporary artist. 特纳奖是用来表彰英国当代艺术家的一个奖项。

debate [dɪˈbeɪt]

v. 辩论,讨论;考虑 n. 辩论;争论

词根记忆:de(表加强)+bat(打)+e→反击→辩论;争论

This has led to a heated debate as to whether college students should hire cleaners. 这引发了一场关于大学生是否应该雇用清洁工的激烈辩论。

debate, dispute, bargain
debate指通过讨论对立的观点来辩论、争论;dispute指口头争论、争端;bargain指议价、关于价格的争议。

debatable( adj. 有争议的)

wonder [ˈwʌndə(r)]

n. 惊奇,惊叹;奇迹,奇观;能人,奇才 v. 想知道;感到惊异

I wondered if I could have a word with you. 我想知道我能不能和你说句话。

do/work wonders 创造奇迹

parcel [ˈpɑːsl]

n. 包,包裹;一块地

After the recent bombing, the airline said that we'd have to check all parcels . 近期发生爆炸事件之后,航空公司称我们必须检查所有的包裹。

stamp [stæmp]

n. 邮票;印章;印花;印记;跺脚(声) v. 跺(脚);在…上盖章;迈着重重的步伐走

There is no stamp on the document. 那个文件上没盖章。

food stamp 粮票

arrest [əˈrest]

vt. 逮捕,拘留;抓住,吸引;阻止,阻碍,抑制 n. 逮捕,拘留;停止

词根记忆:ar(表加强)+rest(休息)→强迫人休息→拘留

Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting. 每年都有成千上万的人因在商店偷窃被捕,并被送上法庭。

deliberate [dɪˈlɪbərət][dɪˈlɪbəreɪt]

adj. 故意的;从容不迫的,审慎的 v. 仔细考虑

词根记忆:de+liber(考虑)+ate(…的)→一直考虑的→审慎的

Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who'd passed away the previous Christmas. 她不慌不忙的动作让我想起了我的母亲,她在去年圣诞节去世了。

propose [prəˈpəʊz]

v. 建议,提议;企图,打算;求婚

词根记忆:pro(在前)+pose(指出)→行动之前指出→建议

If I were you, I wouldn't wait to propose to her. 如果我是你,我会迫不及待地向她求婚。

proposal( n. 提议;求婚)

suffer [ˈsʌfə(r)]

v. (因疾病、痛苦等)受苦,受难;经历,遭受(不愉快之事);变差

Mrs. Mallard was suffering from a heart trouble. 马拉德夫人患有心脏病。

suffering( n. 痛苦,苦难)

aware [əˈweə(r)]

adj. 知道的,察觉到的,意识到的

词根记忆:a(表加强)+ware(留心)→察觉到的

Gut feelings can occur without a person being consciously aware of them. 直觉可以在人们无意识的情况下产生。

aware of 意识到…,察觉到…

awareness( n. 知晓,察觉)

unaware( adj. 不知道的,未察觉的)

distinguish [dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ]

v. 区分,辨别;辨别出;使有区别,使具有特色;使著名

词根记忆:di+sting(刺)+uish→将刺挑出来→辨别

It's difficult to distinguish between what's good and what's bad sometimes. 有时候分辨好坏很困难。

distinguish between/from 区别,辨别;distinguish oneself 表现杰出,享有盛名

distinguishable( adj. 可区分的,可分辨的);distinguished( adj. 卓越的,杰出的);distinguishingly( adv. 有区别地,特殊地)

reply [rɪˈplaɪ]

v. / n. 回答,答复

There was exasperation in her reply , half sigh and half groan. 她的回答半是叹息,半是哀怨,带着恼怒。

reply for sb. 代表某人作答

abandon [əˈbændən]

vt. 抛弃,放弃;离弃(家园、船只、飞机等);遗弃(妻子、子女等);陷入

Heavy snow forced many private car drivers to abandon their vehicles. 大雪迫使许多私家车驾驶者弃车(步行)。

abandon, surrender, resign
abandon主要指最终完全放弃,尤指放弃无形的东西,如:I abandoned the hope of being a doctor.;surrender是指经过斗争或抵抗后被迫放弃、投降,如:The captain had to surrender to the enemy.;resign指自愿放弃或没有经过斗争而做出牺牲,如:Peter decided to resign.。 w2uQDtV0yCSHJSFmRtIVUnmX3Q7gg1JcRlp6csSryf9qOqqrDm5ZwNAQeBfkHg+y

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