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Word List 01

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mark [mɑːk]

n. 分数;标记 v. 做记号;弄脏;给…打分;纪念,庆贺

本身为词根:记号

To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activities including conferences, film shows, etc. 为了纪念学校成立一百周年,这所大学举办了一系列活动,包括会议、电影放映等。

base [beɪs]

n. 基础;底部 vt. 把…设在,以…为基地;以…为基础(或根据) adj. 卑鄙的

词根记忆:bas(基础)+e→基础

It was on Nov. 4, 1923, that British archaeologist Howard Carter stumbled on a stone at the base of the tomb of another pharaoh in Luxor that eventually led to a sealed doorway. 1923年11月4日,英国考古学家霍华德·卡特在卢克索另一个法老墓的底座处被一块石头绊倒,这最终使他发现了一个密封的入口。

base...on... …以…为基础

basic( adj. 基本的,基础的);basically( adv. 基本上,根本上);basics( n. 基本因素,基本原理)

according to [əˈkɔːdɪŋ tə]

依照;根据

The average age of the fleet of the seven large U.S. passenger airlines is about 14 years old, according to The Airline Monitor . 根据 The Airline Monitor 的报道,美国七大客运航空公司机队的平均飞行年限为14年左右。

accordingly( adv. 相应地;因此)

change [tʃeɪndʒ]

v. 改变;转换;交换 n. 改变;零钱

People can change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control. 人们可以改变自己的生活,但有序的改变并不简单,因为很多事情,甚至是我们自身的事情,都超出了我们的直接控制。

change one's mind 改变主意;change trains 换乘火车

changeable( adj. 易变的);unchangeable( adj. 不可改变的);unchangeably( adv. 不变地)

last [lɑːst]

adj. 最后的;上一次的 adv. 最后;上次 v. 持续;够…用 n. 最后;最后的人或东西

Adults typically feel more awake during the morning hours and sleepy at night, regardless of when we last slept. 无论我们最后一次睡觉是什么时候,成年人通常在早上感觉更清醒,晚上感觉困倦。

lasting( adj. 持久的,永久的);lastly( adv. 最后)

item [ˈaɪtəm]

n. 条,项目,条款;一件商品(或物品);(新闻等的)一条,一则

The news item is mainly about a joint venture between a U.S. company and a U.K. company. 这条新闻主要是关于一家美国公司与一家英国公司组建合资企业一事。

check [tʃek]

v. 检查;查明,核实;打上钩;寄放;控制 n. 检查;调查;寄存处;支票

We were meant to put a check inside the card and then drop the envelope in the mail. 我们本来打算在贺卡里放一张支票,然后把信封投进邮箱里。

check in 登记;报到;check out(of)结账离开(旅馆等);check sb./sth. out 调查;观察;check on 核实

award [əˈwɔːd]

vt. 授予;给予奖励 n. 奖品;奖金

联想记忆:Academy Award(奥斯卡金像奖)

Assessments of teacher quality are currently used for policy making, employment, merit-based pay awards , and as data to inform the professional growth of teachers, etc. 目前,教师质量评估被用于政策制定、就业、基于绩效的薪酬奖励,以及作为教师专业成长的参考数据等。

award, reward
award的意思是“授予”,如:award the prize to the winner;reward的意思是“给…酬劳,奖赏”,如:His efforts were rewarded with success.。

provide [prəˈvaɪd]

vt. 提供,供给;规定

词根记忆:pro(在前)+vid(看)+e→提前看到→提供,供给

The opposition to a longer school year comes from families that want to and can provide other experiences for their children. 反对延长学年的是那些希望并能够为孩子提供其他体验的家庭。

provide for 供养;(法律上)允许;为…做准备

provision( n. 提供;准备;规定;供给)

less [les]

adj. 较少的,更少的 adv. 更少,较少 pron. 较少数,较少量

Night wakings typically become less frequent as an infant grows up, and sleep changes in other ways throughout a person's life. 随着婴儿长大,夜间醒来的频率通常会降低,而在一个人的一生中,睡眠也会以其他方式发生变化。

even less / much less / still less 更不用说;no less than 不少于

state [steɪt]

n. 状态;国家,政府;州;级别,地位 v. 说,陈述

state of the art 最先进的

statement( n. 陈述,声明)

leave [liːv]

n. 假期;同意,许可 v. 离开;把…留在;使处于(某种状态、位置或情形);委托,把…交给

You'd better leave him alone when he works. 他在工作的时候你最好不要打扰他。

leave behind 留下;leave...alone 不打扰;on leave 在休假中;take French leave 不告而别;擅自行动

suggest [səˈdʒest]

vt. 建议,提议;表明,暗示

There is even research suggesting that in adults waking repeatedly at night can feel as bad as getting hardly any sleep in terms of attentional skills, fatigue levels and symptoms of depression. 甚至有研究表明,成年人在夜间反复醒来,在注意力水平、疲劳程度和抑郁症状方面,感觉就像几乎没有睡觉一样糟糕。

suggestion( n. 建议,提议;暗示;迹象)

believe [bɪˈliːv]

v. 相信;认为;信任,信赖

Let me share five facts that I believe every college student should know about stress. 让我来分享我认为每个大学生都应该知道的关于压力的五个事实。

belief( n. 相信;信念);make-believe( n. 虚构;假装)

complete [kəmˈpliːt]

adj. 完整的,全部的;完成了的 vt. 完成;使完整;填写(表格)

词根记忆:com(表加强)+ple(满,填满)+te→使填满→完成

Mercifully, I was able to complete all I had to do within a few days. 幸运的是,我可以在几天之内完成所有要做的事情。

completely( adv. 完全地)

experience [ɪkˈspɪəriəns]

vt. 体验;经历,遭受 n. 经验;经历;体验

词根记忆:ex(出)+per(尝试)+i+ence→尝试的感受→体验

I experienced a moment of panic as I boarded the plane. 我登上飞机时曾一度感到恐慌。

experienced( adj. 有经验的,老练的)

character [ˈkærəktə(r)]

n. 特性,性质;性格;人物,角色;字,符号

联想记忆:char+acter(看作actor,演员)→演员能很好地演绎人物性格→性格;人物

characteristic( n. 特征,特性 adj. 独特的);characterization/-isation( n. 人物塑造,角色刻画)

reason [ˈriːzn]

n. 理由;判断力;道理 v. 推理,推断;思考

I felt as if I had died and, for some unknown reason , was still breathing. 我觉得自己好像死了,但不知为什么,还在呼吸。

by reason of/that 由于,因为;with reason 正当地,合理地

reasoning( n. 推理,论证)

reason, cause
两个词都有“原因”的意思。reason强调针对发生的某件事给出原因,有可能并非真实原因;cause则强调某一事件的起因,暗示结果。

content [kənˈtent][ˈkɒntent]

adj. 满足的,满意的 n. 容量,含量;内容

词根记忆:con(共同)+tent(伸展)→全身舒展→满意的

I was alone in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation; but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect. 我在这世上孤身一人,除了智慧和清白的名声外,没有什么好倚仗的;不过这两样东西却让我踏上了最终的财富之路,我对前途感到满意。

be content to do sth. 乐于做某事

contented( adj. 满意的,知足的)

blank [blæŋk]

adj. 空白的;空虚的;茫然的;断然的 n. 空白;空格,空页

Harry found a diary with many blank pages. 哈里发现一本有很多空白页的日记本。

receive [rɪˈsiːv]

vt. 收到;经受;接待;收听,收看

词根记忆:re(往回)+ceiv(拿,抓)+e→抓住→收到

Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. 直到最近,拉丁美洲也才开始受到一些关注。

receiver( n. 接收者;收音机);receipt( n. 收到;收据;收入)

support [səˈpɔːt]

vt. 支撑;支持,鼓励;拥护;供养,资助;证实,为…提供证据 n. 支撑物,支柱;拥护,支持,鼓励

He would have finished his college education, but he had to quit and find a job to support his family. 他本应该完成大学学业,但他不得不退学,找份工作养家糊口。

supportive( adj. 给予帮助的;鼓励的);supporter( n. 支持者)

correct [kəˈrekt]

adj. 正确的;(行为、礼貌等)恰当的 v. 改正,纠正

词根记忆:cor(表加强)+rect(直,正)→使正→改正,纠正

Ed was desperate to correct his mistake. 埃德迫切地想改正自己的错误。

correction( n. 订正,修正);correctness( n. 正确)

incorrect( adj. 不准确的,不正确的)

decide [dɪˈsaɪd]

v. 决定;判决;使下决心

decision( n. 决定;决心);decisive( adj. 果断的;有决定作用的);decidedly( adv. 下定决心地)

offer [ˈɒfə(r)]

v. 提供;提出;出价;供奉 n. 提供;提议;报价

Finally, he offered to walk me through the use of a different CD, one that would erase my entire system. 最后,他提出指导我使用另外一张光盘,一张会清除我的整个系统的光盘。

detail [ˈdiːteɪl]

n. 细节;详情 vt. 详细说明;选派

The band needed a rest from performing but wouldn't go into detail about why. 这支乐队需要告别演出休整一下,但不愿透露具体原因。

in detail 详细地;go into detail 详细叙述

control [kənˈtrəʊl]

vt. 控制;抑制 n. 控制;支配;抑制

They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water. 他们相信T型十字章能够控制河水的流量,确保河中总是有足够的水量。

in control 指挥,管理,支配;处之泰然

controller( n. 指挥者)

light [laɪt]

n. 光线;灯;(眼中的)闪光;眼光,见解 v. 点燃;照亮 adj. 轻的;少量的;明亮的;浅色的

All her cousins and their children have light hair. 她所有的表亲及其子女都拥有浅色的头发。

make light of 轻视,视…为微不足道的;in the light of 鉴于

lighter( n. 打火机);lightning( n. 闪电 adj. 闪电般的)

remain [rɪˈmeɪn]

vi. 停留,留下;仍然是,保持

The language, which remains unchanged, is nothing but dead. 一成不变的语言只能渐渐被废弃。

remainder( n. 剩余物;剩下的人);remains( n. 残余;遗迹;遗体)

explain [ɪkˈspleɪn]

vt. 解释,说明;为…辩解,说明…的理由

“I kept seeing people missing their cell phone calls because they were listening to music,” he explains . 他解释说:“我总能看见人们因为听音乐而没有接到电话。”

explanation( n. 说明,解释;理由);explanatory( adj. 说明的,解释的);unexplained( adj. 无法解释的)

present [prɪˈzent][ˈpreznt]

vt. 给予;呈递;上演;介绍;表现;使发生 n. 礼物;目前,现在 adj. 现在的;出席的

The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present . 用于招待客人的食物代表了这是什么样的场合,反映出了什么样的人会出席。

at present 目前,现在

presentation( n. 出示;介绍会;演出);presently( adv. 现在,目前);presence( n. 出席,到场;存在)

present, gift
二者都有“礼物”的意思。present指价值不太高的礼物,一般都是由同辈或辈分低的人所送;gift价值较高,有送礼或捐赠的意思,另外gift还有“天资”的意思。

express [ɪkˈspres]

vt. 表达,表示;表达(自己的思想感情) n. 快车 adj. 明确的;特快的;快递的

联想记忆:ex(向外,出)+press(挤压)→把心里的想法挤出来→表达(自己的思想感情)

In Latin America, people express their hopes through the color of their underwear. 在拉丁美洲,人们通过内衣的颜色来表达他们的期望。

express oneself 表达自己的思想、感情等

expression( n. 表示;表情);expressive( adj. 富于表现力的);expressly( adv. 明确地;特意地)

response [rɪˈspɒns]

n. 回答,答复;反应,响应

After telling several friends about our ordeal, probably the most frequent advice I've heard in response is to change my name. 在告诉了几个朋友我们的遭遇后,我听到的回应中最多的建议可能是改我的名字。

in response to 响应,回答

responsive( adj. 反应灵敏的)

stress [stres]

n. 压力;重要性,强调;重音,重读 vt. 强调,着重;用重音读

Life is very stressful nowadays, so it is useful for us to talk about how to cope with stress . 现如今生活压力很大,所以讨论如何应对压力对我们来说很有帮助。

view [vjuː]

n. 看法,意见;景色;视野 vt. 认为;观察

Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke. 心理学家认为,这个话题要么是一件令人沮丧的事情,要么是一个笑话。

on view 在展出,陈列着;in view of 鉴于…,考虑到…

effect [ɪˈfekt]

n. 影响,结果;(艺术)效果,印象

词根记忆:ef(出)+fect(做)→做出来→结果

DeSteno studies the effects that thankfulness can have on people's behavior. 德斯迪诺研究感恩对人们行为的影响。

have an effect on sth. 对…有影响;take effect 见效,生效;in effect 实际上;to the effect that... 大意是

effective( adj. 有效的;实际的);effectively( adv. 有效地)

major [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)]

adj. 主要的,重要的 n. 主修的专业;(陆军或美空军)少校 vi. (大学里)主修

词根记忆:maj(大)+or→大的→主要的

It is suggested to choose a major or career path you love and enjoy. 建议你选择自己热爱和喜欢的专业或职业道路。

major in 主修(某个专业)

majority( n. 大部分,大多数)

point [pɔɪnt]

n. 观点,要点;尖(端);时刻,关头;目的;小数点 v. 指向;(使)对准

I got to the point where I couldn't wait to get home to my books. 我已经到了迫不及待地想回家看书的地步。

point out 指出;point to sth. 指出;预示;if/when it comes to the point 必须做决定时

describe [dɪˈskraɪb]

vt. 描述,描写,形容

词根记忆:de(表加强)+scrib(写)+e→描写

Words come out of the culture that they represent and they describe . 词语来源于它们所代表和描述的文化。

describe sth./sb. as 将…描绘成…

description( n. 描述);descriptive( adj. 描述性的)

object [ˈɒbdʒɪkt][əbˈdʒekt]

n. 物,物体;目标;宾语;对象 v. 反对,不赞成

Sometimes new words catch on, sometimes they don't, but you can always bet that someone, somewhere will object to them. 有时新词流行起来,有时不流行,但几乎可以肯定,某个地方的某个人会反对它们。

objection( n. 反对;反对意见);objective( n. 目的,目标 adj. 客观的);objectively( adv. 客观地)

ability [əˈbɪləti]

n. 能力;才能,才智

来自able( adj. 有能力的)

There are many people of great ability who simply do not interview very well. 许多很有能力的人就是不能在面试中表现得很好。

to the best of one's ability 某人竭尽全力

event [ɪˈvent]

n. 事件,大事;(运动会等的)比赛项目

Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. 令人伤心之事从来都不易处理,但如果能在演讲中表达对所爱之人逝去的悼念,并赞美逝者的贡献,则能抚慰人心。

in the event 结果,到头来;at all events 不管怎样,无论如何

eventful( adj. 充满大事的,多变故的)

increase [ɪnˈkriːs][ˈɪŋkriːs]

v. 增加,增长 n. 增加,增长,增强

词根记忆:in(使)+creas(增加)+e→增加

A United Nations report says reaching that goal will require major increases in intensive, high-efficiency livestock operations for both meat and dairy production. 联合国的一份报告指出,要实现那一目标,需要大幅增加肉类和乳制品生产的密集型、高效的畜牧业生产。

increasingly( adv. 越来越多地)

increase, enlarge, augment, multiply
四个词都有“增加”的意思。increase范围最广,各方面的增长都可用它表示;enlarge多指大小、体积等的增加或扩大;augment一般指数量上的增加;multiply有“乘”的意思,也多指数量的增加或通过繁殖增加,比augment量更多一点。

expect [ɪkˈspekt]

vt. 预料;期望;要求

If you can't find work, don't expect the taxpayer to bail you out. 如果你找不到工作,别指望纳税人来救助你。

expectation( n. 预期;期望);unexpected( adj. 没有料到的,想不到的)

rule [ruːl]

n. 规则;惯常的事,习惯;统治 v. 统治,管理;裁决

Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. 文化方面的规则决定了食品消费的方方面面。

as a rule 通常

subject [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt; ˈsʌbdʒekt][səbˈdʒekt]

adj. 受…支配的;受…影响的 n. 学科;主题,话题;主语;实验对象 vt. 使隶属,使服从;使遭受

词根记忆:sub(下)+ject(扔)→被扔在下面→使遭受

Electronic cigarettes should be subject to the same taxes and limitations on public use as traditional tobacco products. 电子烟应与传统烟草产品一样,在公共使用方面缴纳相同的税、受到相同的限制。

subject to 易遭受…的;取决于;服从于

subjective( adj. 主观的)

subject, topic, title
三个词都有“题目,主题”的意思。subject指文章、谈话等的主要内容或标题;topic一般指“话题”;title用于书籍、文章的标题,有时可与subject互换。

develop [dɪˈveləp]

v. (使)成长,发展;开发;阐明;患(病);发育;冲洗(胶片)

The early civilizations of Egypt, China, and(probably)India all developed a system of writing. 埃及、中国和(可能是)印度的早期文明都发展出了文字系统。

development( n. 发展;成长)

indicate [ˈɪndɪkeɪt]

v. 表明,显示;暗示;指示;标示

词根记忆:in+dic(说)+ate(做)→说出→指示

She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines indicated repression and even a certain strength. 她很年轻,有一张白皙、平静的脸,脸上的皱纹显示出压抑,甚至某种力量。

indication( n. 指示;暗示);indicative( adj. 标示的;陈述的);indicator( n. 标志;指示器)

loss [lɒs]

n. 丧失;去世,逝世;损失,亏损

a loss of 损失;at a loss 亏本地;不知所措,不知如何是好

graduate [ˈɡrædʒueɪt][ˈɡrædʒuət]

vi. 毕业;获得学位 n. 毕业生 adj. 毕业了的;研究生的

词根记忆:gradu(=grad,走)+ate→走完所有步骤→毕业

So, you've been in graduate recruitment for five years. 那么,你从事毕业生招聘工作已经有五年了。

graduation( n. 毕业;毕业典礼)

order [ˈɔːdə(r)]

n. 顺序;秩序;命令;订货 v. 命令;点菜;整理

I chose the Martini, and calling the steward he ordered a tumbler of ice and a couple of glasses. 我挑了马提尼,他叫来侍者,要了一杯冰块和两个酒杯。

in order to 为了;on order 已订购的

sense [sens]

n. 官能;感觉;意义,含义;判断(力);见识 vt. 感知;明白

词根记忆:sens(感觉)+e→感觉

Without hope for the future, hard work at a low-paid job makes no sense . 如果对未来没有希望,那么在一份低收入的工作上努力工作是没有意义的。

make sense 有意义;make no sense 没有意义;sense of obligation 责任感;sense of isolation 孤独感;sense of security 安全感

treasure [ˈtreʒə(r)]

n. 金银财宝,财富;不可多得的人才 v. 珍重;珍惜;珍藏

As Friedrich Nietzsche so wisely said: “Our treasure lies in the beehive of our knowledge.”正如弗里德里希·尼采的一句智慧箴言所说:“我们的财富存在于知识的蜂巢。”

treasure-house( n. 宝库)

attitude [ˈætɪtjuːd]

n. 态度,看法;姿势

The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. 该报告导致了香烟警示标签、电视香烟广告禁令,并最终引发了一场反吸烟运动,改变了这个国家对吸烟的态度。

continue [kənˈtɪnjuː]

v. 继续;接着说

The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. 美国人生活中的竞争压力始于童年,一直持续到退休。

continuity( n. 连贯性,连续性);continuous( adj. 持续的);continual( adj. 频繁的;持续的)

emotional [ɪˈməʊʃənl]

adj. 感情(上)的;(易)激动的,情绪化的

词根记忆:emotion(情感)+al(…的)→感情上的

Americans believe that they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21. 美国人认为他们应该自力更生,尽早脱离父母,通常在18岁或者21岁就实现经济和情感上的独立自主。

gap [ɡæp]

n. 间隙;差距;缺口

There is no narrowing of the gap in sight. 差距没有缩小的迹象。

level [ˈlevl]

n. 数量,程度,浓度;水平面;水平 adj. 平的;等高的

Her sole duty, as far as I could tell, was to raise global stress levels . 据我所知,她的唯一职责是提高全球压力水平。

mind [maɪnd]

n. 思想,精神,头脑;心情;看法;智力,有才智的人 v. 介意;注意,小心

If you get a good night sleep, then it will keep your mind and your body in shape. 如果你晚上睡得好,这将会让你的身心都保持良好的状态。

keep in mind 牢记;change one's mind 改变主意;make up one's mind 下定决心;speak one's mind 直言不讳;to my mind 依我看

quality [ˈkwɒləti]

n. 质量,品级,品质;性质,特性

The quality of service in the shop has improved greatly. 这家商店的服务质量大大提高了。

qualitative( adj. 质量上的;定性的)

quality, quantity
二者形似,但意义不同。quality表示“质量”,quantity表示“数量”,两个词常对应使用。

tend [tend]

v. 倾向,趋于;照管

Nowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other. 现在的年轻人往往更经常打电话而不是给彼此写信。

tendency( n. 倾向,趋势);tender( adj. 嫩的;脆弱的;温和的,亲切的)

tend, incline
两个词都有“倾向”的意思。tend主语为人或物,结构为tend to do sth.;incline更多用于被动语态,常用词组是be inclined to do sth.。

allow [əˈlaʊ]

v. 允许;同意给予;考虑到;使可能;承认

Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before. 网络互联让人们有机会获得之前几乎无法想象的阅读体验。

allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事;allow for 考虑到

certain [ˈsɜːtn]

adj. 某一,某种;确凿的,无疑的;一定的,确信的,有把握的

词根记忆:cert(搞清)+ain→搞清楚的→有把握的

There are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. 有些特定的符号在不同文化背景下的人们眼里都象征着和平。

make certain of 弄明白

certainly( adv. 一定;当然);certainty( n. 确定性;确实的事)

consider [kənˈsɪdə(r)]

v. 考虑;认为;考虑到,体谅

We consider it strange that he should have left without telling anyone beforehand. 我们觉得奇怪的是,他竟然事先没有告诉任何人就离开了。

deal [diːl]

n. 数量;大量;交易 vi. 处理,对付;经营

In fact, sleep education alone can help some parents to deal with infant sleep. 事实上,睡眠教育本身就可以帮助一些父母解决婴儿的睡眠问题。

a good/great deal of 大量的;deal with 对待,处理

effort [ˈefət]

n. 努力,尽力,试图;有组织的活动

Galitz also regularly uses his photography to promote conservation efforts . 格里茨还经常用他的摄影作品来宣传保护工作。

make an effort 做出努力;spare no effort 不遗余力

multiple [ˈmʌltɪpl]

n. 倍数 adj. 多重的,多倍的,数量多的

词根记忆:multi(多)+ple(满的)→又多又满的→多重的

As for the special goods of houses, the price is affected by multiple factors. 对于住宅这一特殊的商品来讲,价格受多重因素的影响。

remember [rɪˈmembə(r)]

v. 记得;记住;问候

One thing to remember is that loneliness is subjective. 需要记住的一点是,孤独是主观的。

avoid [əˈvɔɪd]

vt. 避免;回避,躲开

联想记忆:a(无)+void(空的)→屋子空了→回避,躲开

Road safety should be taught to young children to avoid road accidents. 应该教给小孩子道路安全知识,以避免交通事故的发生。

avoid doing 避免做…

avoidance( n. 避开;避免)

create [kriˈeɪt]

v. 创造,创作;引起,产生,造成

词根记忆:cre(生产;增长)+ate(使)→使生长→创造

Pressure to excel often creates stress, and many students are not learning how to effectively handle this stress. 迫使自己脱颖而出往往会导致压力,很多学生并没有学会如何有效处理这种压力。

creation( n. 创造;作品);creative( adj. 有创造性的);creativity( n. 创造力;独创性);creature( n. 生物,动物)

design [dɪˈzaɪn]

n. 设计;图样,图案 v. 设计;计划,打算;构思

联想记忆:de+sign(记号)→做记号→设计

Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. 站在地面上看,这些图案就是一片毫无意义的混乱景象。

designer( n. 设计师)

finding [ˈfaɪndɪŋ]

n. 发现;研究所得,调查结果;裁决,判决

Our latest research findings were presented in the meeting. 会上公布了我们最新的研究成果。

improve [ɪmˈpruːv]

v. 改进,提高,改善

This will improve medical care and education, science and agriculture, business opportunities and employment. 这将改善医疗护理和教育、科学和农业、商业机会和就业。

improvement( n. 改善;改进)

mood [muːd]

n. 心情,情绪;坏脾气;气氛;(动词的)语气

If there were no subjunctive mood , English would be much easier to learn. 如果没有虚拟语气,那么学英语会更容易。

welfare [ˈwelfeə(r)]

n. 幸福,康乐;福利;社会保障金

They live on charity and social welfare . 他们依靠救济和社会保障金过活。

concern [kənˈsɜːn]

vt. 涉及,影响;使关心,使担心 n. 担忧;担心的事;关爱;(对人、组织等)重要的事;负责任的事;企业

词根记忆:con(共同)+cern(搞清)→都想搞清楚→使关心

As far as manners are concerned , I suppose I have always been a supporter of women's liberation. 关于礼仪问题,我想我一直都是女性解放运动的支持者。

as far as...be concerned 关于…

concerning( prep. 关于)

unconcern( n. 不关心,冷漠)

represent [ˌreprɪˈzent]

vt. 代表;描绘,表现;象征,表示;意味着,相当于…

In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. 在中国传统中,彩虹是婚姻的普遍象征,因为彩虹的颜色代表阴阳结合。

representation( n. 表现,描述;代表;抗议);representative( adj. 典型的 n. 代表)

alone [əˈləʊn]

adj. 单独的;孤独的 adv. 独自;只有,仅仅

A new study from the University of New South Wales has discovered that during the working week, Australian fathers only spend an average of just over a minute each day alone with their children. 新南威尔士大学的一项新的研究发现,在工作日期间,澳大利亚的父亲们平均每天单独陪伴孩子的时间只有一分多钟。

alone, lonely
alone强调独自一人的事实,也可以用来指单独一人的心情,只能用作表语,如:I was alone in the house.;lonely强调在孤独时渴望有人陪伴。

bargain [ˈbɑːɡən]

vi. 议价,讨价还价 n. 廉价货;合同,协议;讨价还价

联想记忆:bar(障碍)+gain(获得)→高价是得到物品的障碍,所以要讨价还价→讨价还价

I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. 我决定买其中一条裙子,然后开始和她讨价还价。

drive a bargain 讨价还价

supply [səˈplaɪ]

vt. 供给,供应;满足(需要) n. 供应,供给之物;现货

词根记忆:sup(下)+ply(充满)→从下面补充→供给

Local schools supply many of the volunteers. 许多志愿者来自当地学校。

supplier( n. 供应商)

supply, provide, afford
三个词都有“供给,提供”的意思。supply的常用结构为supply sb. with sth.或supply sth. to sb.,一般都不是免费供给;provide与supply意思相似,但往往表示免费提供,常用结构为provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb.;afford比较正式,一般用于抽象事物,它还表示“负担得起”。

special [ˈspeʃl]

adj. 特殊的;专用的,特设的;附加的,格外的

specialist( n. 专家);special(i)ty( n. 专业;专长;特产);specially( adv. 特别地,专门地)

produce [prəˈdjuːs][ˈprɒdjuːs]

vt. 出产,产出;导致;培养;出示;制作;出版 n. 产品(尤指农产品)

The shop could exchange the product if the customer can produce the receipt. 如果顾客能出示收据,商店就可以换货。

cost [kɒst]

n. 成本,价格,费用;代价 vt. 使花费,值(多少钱);使付出努力;使丧失;估价

Text messages cost carriers less than traditional mobile voice transmissions, and so they cost users less. 与传统的移动语音传输相比,短信对运营商来说成本更低,因此用户的花费也更少。

at all costs 不惜任何代价,无论如何;at the cost of 以…为代价

costly( adj. 昂贵的;代价高的)

fake [feɪk]

n. 假货,赝品;诡计 adj. 假的,冒充的 v. 伪造,冒充;假装

I was fake phoning my way past a colleague, and he was actually following me to get my attention. 我从一位同事身边经过时,假装在打电话。事实上他一直跟着我,想引起我的注意。

require [rɪˈkwaɪə(r)]

vt. 需要;要求,命令

词根记忆:re(一再,重复)+quire(寻求,获得)→需要;要求

The doctor said that the gash in the cheek required ten stitches. 医生说脸颊上的伤口需要缝十针。

requirement( n. 要求;必要条件)

focus [ˈfəʊkəs]

n. 关注;焦点,聚焦;中心,集中点 v. 聚焦,集中;调节…的焦距

In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. 在这样一个日新月异的世界中,现实似乎每天都在被重塑,我们需要具备关注和理解身边正在发生的事情的能力。

focus on 关注

refocus( v. 调整…的焦点)

lack [læk]

n. 缺乏,不足;缺少的东西 v. 缺乏,没有

Mr. Runt's project failed for lack of fund. 伦特先生的项目由于缺乏资金而失败了。

for lack of / by lack of / from lack of 因缺乏…

lacking( adj. 缺乏的,没有的)

critical [ˈkrɪtɪkl]

adj. 紧要的,关键性的;批评(性)的,挑剔的;有判断力的;危急的

词根记忆:crit(筛选,判断)+ical(…的)→到了选择关头的→关键性的

Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own. 此外,他不仅对他人的作品持批判态度,对自己的作品也是如此。

criticism( n. 评论;批评);critically( adv. 极其重要地;非常危急地;批判性地)

amount [əˈmaʊnt]

n. 总数;数量 vi. 总计;相当于

a large amount of 大量;the total amount of …的总额,总量;amount to(数量上)达到;相当于

lead [liːd][led]

v. 领导,指引;导致,通往 n. 榜样;领先(地位) n.

The first impulse leads us to provide housing, food stamps, medical care and a cash stipend for families in need. 第一种冲动促使我们为困难家庭提供住房、食品券、医疗和现金补贴。

lead to 导致,引起

leader( n. 领导人,领袖);leadership( n. 领导权;领导才能)

issue [ˈɪʃuː]

n. 问题,议题;(报刊)期号;发行;分发 v. 宣布;(正式)发给;(报刊等)发行,发布

Issues of price, place, promotion, and product are among the most conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies. 在制订市场策略时,价格、地点、产品推广以及产品本身是最常关注的问题。

issue, problem, question
三个词都有“问题”的意思。issue指有争议的问题或难点,如:an economic issue;problem强调问题很有难度,如:a math problem;question意思比较广,强调疑惑。

community [kəˈmjuːnəti]

n. 社区,社会;团体,界;(动植物的)群落

词根记忆:com(共同)+muni(公共的)+ty→公共状态→社区;团体

The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Daniken's theory. 没过多久,科学界就嘲笑并弃用了冯·丹尼肯的理论。

symbol [ˈsɪmbl]

n. 象征;符号

The dove is a symbol of peace. 鸽子是和平的象征。

underline [ˌʌndəˈlaɪn]

vt. 在…下面画线;强调,加强

组合词:under(在…下)+line(画线)→在…下面画线→强调

Germany views the World Cup as a chance to change perceptions and underline its contribution to world culture. 德国认为举办世界杯是一个改变人们看法、强调本国对世界文化所做贡献的机会。

model [ˈmɒdl]

n. 模型;模特儿;模范;式样,型号

In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. 在19世纪,曾经有一个关于如何做一个好人的模范。

arrange [əˈreɪndʒ]

v. 整理,分类;筹备,安排;商定

词根记忆:ar(表加强)+range(排列)→有顺序地排列→整理;安排

On Thursday we usually arrange a meal in a restaurant for anyone who wants to come. 星期四的时候,我们通常会在餐馆安排聚餐,任何想来的人都可以参加。

arrange for 安排;arrange with sb. 与某人商量

arrangement( n. 整理;安排;商定)

correspond [ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd]

v. 符合,一致;相当,相应;通信

词根记忆:cor(共同)+respond(做出反应)→做出相同的反应→一致

I'd like to find a job corresponding with my interests. 我想找一份与我的志趣相符的工作。

correspond with/to sth. 与某事相符、一致;correspond with sb. 与某人通信;correspond to 相当于…,等于…

correspondence( n. 来往信件;通信);correspondent( n. 通讯员,记者);corresponding( adj. 相应的)

appear [əˈpɪə(r)]

vi. 似乎,显得;出现;显现;露面

At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear , and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not in sight. 在3,000英尺的高空,宽阔的平原开始显现,而远山自始至终都出现在视野里。

disappear( vi. 消失;失踪)

origin [ˈɒrɪdʒɪn]

n. 起源,起因;出身,血统

词根记忆:ori(开始)+gin→开始→起源,起因

Most coughs are viral in origin . 咳嗽大多是由病毒引发的。

originate( v. 起源;始创)

insert [ɪnˈsɜːt][ˈɪnsɜːt]

vt. 插入,嵌入;添加 n. 插页;插入物

词根记忆:in(进入)+sert(插,放)→插进去→插入,嵌入

The nurse inserted a needle into the medicine vial. 护士把针插入药瓶里。

possibility [ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti]

n. 可能,可能性;可能的事

词根记忆:possib(le)(可能的)+ility(表名词)→可能性

impossibility( n. 不可能)

measure [ˈmeʒə(r)]

n. 措施,办法;判断;标准,尺度;程度,范围 v. 测量;有…长(或宽、高等);判定

词根记忆:meas(测量)+ure→测量

To improve the situation, our government should take more strict measures to control advertisements. 我们的政府应该采取更加严格的措施来管控广告,以改善形势。

measurement( n. 测定;尺寸)

current [ˈkʌrənt]

n. 潮流;趋势;电流 adj. 当前的;通用的;流行的

They stood there for a moment, side by side, watching the rush of the holiday current and for their place in it. 她们肩并肩站了一会儿,注视着节日洪流的匆忙,寻找自己在其中的位置。

currently( adv. 现时,当前)

personal [ˈpɜːsənl]

adj. 个人的,私人的;人际的

词根记忆:person(人)+al(…的)→个人的

You can change your own personal habits. 你可以改变自己的个人习惯。

impersonal( adj. 冷淡的;不受个人感情影响的);personality( n. 个性;名人)

condition [kənˈdɪʃn]

n. 条件;状况;环境,形势 vt. 影响;使适应,使习惯于

Mrs. Brown's condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if she will pull through. 布朗太太的情况看起来很严重,她能否挺过去还不确定。

on(the)condition that... 在…条件下

conditional( adj. 附有条件的);conditioner( n. 调理的物品;护发素)

Ordinary people merely think how they shall spend their time; a man of talent tries to use it.

普通人只想到如何度过时间,有才能的人设法利用时间。

——德国哲学家 叔本华(Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher) jnGhcPR7zrcll8Hkd9So8Udpb1ug/cenIMUNe/xIDUViJ70PtwtiTC0F1br06V8a



Word List 02

音频

assistant [əˈsɪstənt]

n. 助手,助理,助教 adj. 助理的,辅助的

You must fire that incompetent assistant of yours. 你必须解雇你那个不称职的助理。

clear [klɪə(r)]

adj. 明确的,清楚的;清晰的;晴朗的;畅通无阻的 v. 放晴;清除,扫清;澄清;偿清(债务);办完(手续)

The sky cleared up soon after the storm. 暴雨过后,天空很快放晴了。

clear up(天)放晴;澄清;make clear 表明,讲清楚;keep clear of 避开

clearance( n. 清除,清理;官方批准)

memory [ˈmeməri]

n. 记忆,记忆力;回忆,怀念;存储器

词根记忆:memor(记忆)+y→记忆

Apple Computer CEO Steve Jobs' address at Stanford University that year, in which he talked about death, is also considered one of the best in recent memory . 那年,苹果公司的首席执行官史蒂夫·乔布斯在斯坦福大学发表了以死亡为主题的演讲,那次演讲也被认为是近年来人们记忆中最好的演讲之一。

memorable( adj. 值得纪念的;难忘的);memorial( n. 纪念碑;纪念物 adj. 纪念的)

solve [sɒlv]

v. 解决;解答,解释

词根记忆:solv(松开)+e→紧锁的眉头松开了,问题解决了→解决

The great advantage of this system is that it lets the apprentice see the practical problems before he sets to work learning how to solve them. 该体制最大的优点是它可以让学徒看到实践中的问题,之后再开始学习如何解决问题。

solve, resolve
二者都有“解决”的意思。solve强调寻找问题的正确答案的过程;resolve强调解决问题的结果,问题最终通过某种方法解决了。

unsolved( adj. 未解决的)

hire [ˈhaɪə(r)]

v. 租,雇 n. 租用;租金

She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. 她雇了律师去调查,结果发现加布里埃尔把她的名字从契约上划掉了。

manner [ˈmænə(r)]

n. 方式,方法;态度,举止;[pl.]礼貌,风度;规矩,习俗

The master, a red-faced man with a pleasant voice, was called Rice; he had a cheerful manner with boys, and the time passed quickly. 那个男老师名叫赖斯,他满脸红光,说起话来和蔼可亲;他跟男孩子们在一起时兴高采烈,(课堂上的)时间过得很快。

habit [ˈhæbɪt]

n. 习惯,习性

Much of our behaviour, for example, is guided by unconscious habits . 例如,我们的许多行为都是由无意识的习惯引导的。

develop/form/get into a habit(of)养成(…的)习惯;have a habit of 有…的习惯

device [dɪˈvaɪs]

n. 装置,器具,仪器;手段,策略;手法,技巧

leave to one's own devices 听任…自便,让…自行发展

refer [rɪˈfɜː(r)]

v. 谈到,提及;呈交,托付;查阅,参考;描述,涉及

The problems I refer to are the language obstacles between the strangers. 我所指的问题是陌生人之间的语言障碍。

refer to 提及;参考;描述

reference( n. 谈到;参照)

modern [ˈmɒdn]

adj. 现代的,近代的;时髦的

Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the character of every modern city. 广告中使用的霓虹灯已经成为每个现代城市的特征的一部分。

beneath [bɪˈniːθ]

prep. 在…下方,在…下面

Volcanoes happen where the earth's crust is thin: lava, dust and gases burst out from beneath the earth. 火山发生在地壳较薄的地方:熔岩、灰尘和气体从地下喷出。

demand [dɪˈmɑːnd]

vt. / n. 要求;需要

词根记忆:de(表加强)+mand(命令)→一再命令→要求

The victims' families demanded an explanation for the plane crash. 遇难者家属要求知道空难的原因。

economic [ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk; ˌekəˈnɒmɪk]

adj. 经济(上)的;经济学的;合算的,有利可图的

词根记忆:eco(经济)+nom(某一领域的知识)+ic(…的)→经济学的

Nigeria's economic growth has averaged about 7.4% annually over the past decade, creating a wealthier Nigerian elite with a large spending power. 在过去十年中,尼日利亚经济的年平均增长率约为7.4%,这造就了一个更加富裕的、有很强消费能力的尼日利亚精英群体。

pause [pɔːz]

n. / v. 停顿,暂停,中止

After each question there will be a ten-second pause . 每个问题后都会有十秒钟的停顿。

rescue [ˈreskjuː]

n. / vt. 解救,挽救

The three law enforcement officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger who was allegedly trying to kill herself. 飞机上的三名执法人员前来营救一名据称企图自杀的同行乘客。

benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt]

n. 利益,好处;优势;津贴,救济金 v. 有益于;得益

词根记忆:bene(善,好)+fit(做)→做好事→有益于

McDonald's could see a benefit if our production went up and prices went down, and no benefit if we went out of business. 如果我们增加产量并降低价格,麦当劳将有利可图;如果我们倒闭了,麦当劳也得不到好处。

beneficial( adj. 有益的,有好处的)

involve [ɪnˈvɒlv]

vt. 涉及;使参与,牵涉;包括,包含,需要

词根记忆:in(使…)+volv(卷)+e→使卷入→涉及

The job of a student accommodation officer involves a great many visits to landladies. 学生住宿管理员的工作包括经常拜访女房东们。

involved( adj. 参与的;有关的;投入的);involvement( n. 参与;卷入)

matter [ˈmætə(r)]

n. 问题,事情;物质,材料;重要性,重大关系 vi. 有关系,要紧

a matter of course 理所当然的事;as a matter of fact 事实上;no matter 不管…

unite [juˈnaɪt]

v. (使)联合;(使)统一;(使)团结

词根记忆:uni(单一,一个)+te→成为一个→统一

Carter called all the kids in town and told them to unite for truth. 卡特召集了城镇里所有的小孩,告诉他们要为了真相团结起来。

join, combine, connect, unite
四个词都有“结合,联合”的意思。join指事物的直接连接,可分开;combine指二者或二者以上的人或事物结合在一起,不失去本性;connect语意较弱,通常是通过媒介将事物连接在一起;unite强调紧密地结合成一体,难以分开。

professional [prəˈfeʃənl]

adj. 专业的,职业的;高水准的,内行的 n. 专业人员

Deal makers and other professionals still spend much of the day on the phone. 交易撮合者和其他专业人士仍然要在一天之中花大量时间打电话。

unprofessional[ adj. (行为)违反职业准则的;(工作等)未按专业水平做的]

interval [ˈɪntəvl]

n. 间隔,空隙,间歇;幕间休息

词根记忆:inter(在…之间)+val→之间的距离→间隔

There are a few pubs at intervals along the coast road. 滨海公路两旁间隔一段距离就有些酒吧。

at intervals 不时;相隔一定的距离(或时间);at long intervals 间或;at short intervals 常常

feature [ˈfiːtʃə(r)]

n. 脸的一部分;[pl.]面貌;特征,特色;(电影)正片;(报纸等的)特写 vt. 以…为特色

With the tools of technology, man has altered many physical features of the earth. 人类运用科技工具,已经改变了地球的许多自然特征。

process [ˈprəʊses][prəˈses]

n. 步骤,过程;工序,制作法 vt. 加工,处理 v. 列队行进

词根记忆:pro(向前)+cess(行走)→一路向前行走→列队行进

We learned much knowledge in the process of the practice. 我们在实践的过程中学到了很多知识。

in the process of 在…过程中

appropriate [əˈprəʊpriət][əˈprəʊprieɪt]

adj. 适合的,适宜的 vt. 挪用

词根记忆:ap+propri(拥有)+ate(使)→使变成自己的→挪用

You should supply an appropriate title for your composition. 你应该给你的作文加个恰当的标题。

appropriateness( n. 适当,适合)

suppose [səˈpəʊz]

v. 认定,假定;推测,猜想;认为

词根记忆:sup+pose(提出)→提出猜想→猜想

Google's eyeglasses are supposed to function like memory. 谷歌的眼镜应该像存储器一样发挥作用。

suppose, presume, assume
三个词都有“假设”的意思。suppose是根据一定现象推测出某种假设或提出建议;presume强调假定某事是根据事实做出的推测;assume是毫无根据的假设,并非符合逻辑的推理。

attention [əˈtenʃn]

n. 注意,专心;立正

联想记忆:at+tent(伸展)+ion(表名词)→伸长脖子听→专心

There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span. 高速连接的互联网将缩短我们的注意力持续时间,这一点很危险。

attentive( adj. 注意的;关心的)

inattention( n. 不注意;疏忽)

conference [ˈkɒnfərəns]

n. (正式的)会议,讨论会;讨论,会谈

词根记忆:con(共同)+fer(带来)+ence→带着问题和观点一起讨论→会议,讨论会

The employers prepared, with all due consideration, for a conference with the Trade Unions. 雇主们经过充分考虑,准备与工会开会。

force [fɔːs]

vt. 强迫;用力推动,用力打开 n. 暴力,武力;力,力气;影响力,效力

The trade embargo has been in force for a year. 贸易禁令已经实施一年了。

in force 已生效,在实施中;by force 强迫,靠武力

forceful( adj. 强有力的)

lift [lɪft]

n. 电梯,升降机;免费乘车;提,抬,举 v. 提起,举起;提高;解除(限制);使更愉快;(云等)消散

The spacecraft lifted off at noon. 宇宙飞船于中午发射升空。

lift off 升空,起飞

immigrant [ˈɪmɪɡrənt]

n. (外来的)移民,侨民

Life can be tough for immigrants in America. 对于美国移民而言,生活是艰辛的。

comment [ˈkɒment]

n. / v. 评价,评论

词根记忆:com(表加强)+ment(头脑,智力)→思考清楚再说→评论

People are tired of seeing their acts of kindness and service pass without comment . 人们讨厌看到自己的善行和服务得不到他人的反馈。

make comments on/upon 对…做评论

commentary( n. 评语,评注;实况报道;批评);commentator( n. 解说者;实况转播评论员)

exist [ɪɡˈzɪst]

vi. 存在;生存,生活

Awards don't only exist for the arts. 奖项不只存在于艺术领域。

exist on 靠…生存;exist as 以…形态存在;exist in 存在…中

period [ˈpɪəriəd]

n. 一段时间;节,学时,课;(妇女)例假期;句号

the period of the Civil War 美国内战时期

periodical( n. 杂志 adj. 定期的);periodically( adv. 定期地)

determine [dɪˈtɜːmɪn]

v. 决心,决定;查明

词根记忆:de+termin(界限)+e→决定自己的界限→决定

Psychologists agree that I.Q. contributes only about 20 percent of the factors that determine success. 心理学家认为,智商在成功的决定因素中仅占大约20%。

determination( n. 毅力;决心;测定);determiner( n. 限定词);determinism( n. 决定论)

indifferent [ɪnˈdɪfrənt]

adj. 不感兴趣的,漠不关心的;平庸的;不偏不倚的

词根记忆:in(无)+different(不同的)→没有不同的→平庸的

Sometimes I still can't believe my life's journey, from a failing and indifferent student in a Detroit public school to this position, which takes me all over the world to teach and perform critical surgery. 有时我仍无法相信我的人生历程,从一个在底特律公立学校就读的失败的、平平无奇的学生走到现在这个位置——在世界各地教学和做重大外科手术。

indifference( n. 漠不关心)

actual [ˈæktʃuəl]

adj. 实际的;真实的

词根记忆:act(做)+ual(…的)→做出来的→真实的

I'm not joking. Those were her actual words. 我没有开玩笑,那些都是她的原话。

actually( adv. 实际上;事实上)

common [ˈkɒmən]

adj. 普通的,常见的;共同的,共用的 n. [pl.]下议院

Although everyone hears music differently, there is a common ground from which all musical experiences grow. 尽管每个人听音乐的方式不同,但所有的音乐体验都有一个共同点。

in common 共同,共用

commonly( adv. 通常;经常地)

uncommon( adj. 罕见的,不平常的)

occasion [əˈkeɪʒn]

n. 场合,时刻;时机,机会;理由

词根记忆:oc(表加强)+cas(降临,发生)+ion(表名词)→发生的时机→时机

She's worn his designs on countless occasions from red carpets to movie premieres. 从红毯到电影首映,她在无数场合都穿着他设计的服装。

on occasion(s)偶然,有时

occasional( adj. 偶尔的)

contact [ˈkɒntækt]

n. 接触,联系;交往 vt. 接触,联系

词根记忆:con+tact(接触)→接触

For those who are far away, keeping in contact with friends and family would be impossible without the Internet. 对于那些远在他乡的人来说,如果没有互联网,他们就没办法与朋友和家人保持联络了。

make contact with sb. 与某人联系

expert [ˈekspɜːt]

n. 专家;能手 adj. 熟练的,内行的,专家的

Experts say that exercise can reduce stress. 专家称锻炼能减压。

expert at/in …方面的专家

expertise[ n. 专门技能(或知识)]

least [liːst]

adj. / adv. 最小(的),最少(的)

at(the)least 至少;not in the least 一点也不;least of all 最不

achieve [əˈtʃiːv]

v. 取得(成绩等);达到(目的);完成

Many people did achieve material success. 许多人确实取得了物质上的成功。

achievement( n. 完成;成就)

vote [vəʊt]

n. 票,选票;投票;得票总数;投票权 v. 投票,表决;投票决定

联想记忆:笔记(note)记录了投票(vote)结果

The proposal was rejected by 22 votes to 8. 那项提议以22票比8票被否决了。

voter( n. 投票人)

bite [baɪt]

v. 咬;(刀剑)刺穿;(鱼)上钩 n. 一口;咬;咬伤;刺痛

He picked up the sandwich and took a bite . 他拿起三明治咬了一口。

infer [ɪnˈfɜː(r)]

v. 推断,推论,推测

词根记忆:in(使)+fer(带来)→带来结果→推断

I infer from his expression that he has not made up his mind yet. 我从他的表情推断出他还没下定决心。

infer sth. from sth. 从…推断出…

inference( n. 推论;推断结果)

infer, deduce, conclude
三个词都含有“推断”的意思。infer是由已知事实得出推论;deduce一般是由某依据或实验等推出,如:deduce from an experiment;conclude强调的是通过事实推出结论或结果,比较看重的是后面的推论。

keen [kiːn]

adj. 激烈的;热心的;渴望的;强烈的;敏锐的;锋利的

The man's keen eyes would discover all of your lies. 那人敏锐的目光会看穿你所有的谎言。

joint [dʒɔɪnt]

n. 连接处;关节;大块肉 adj. 联合的;共同的

词根记忆:join(结合,连接)+t→关节;联合的

The three ministers have issued a joint statement. 三位部长发布了一份联合声明。

out of joint 脱臼;混乱,无秩序

private [ˈpraɪvət]

adj. 私人的;私立的,私营的;私下的;幽僻的

词根记忆:priv(单个)+ate→私人的

Scientific research is now either funded by the government or by private companies. 现今,科学研究要么由政府资助,要么由私营公司资助。

personal, individual, private
这三个词都有“个人的”之意。personal主要指“自身的,亲自的”,如:personal affairs;individual强调个体,与collective相对;private侧重指隐私,或不便为外人所知的事。

available [əˈveɪləbl]

adj. 可用的,可得到的

词根记忆:a(表加强)+vail(价值)+able(可…的)→有价值的→可用的

There will be a computer and a data projector there available . 那里会有一台电脑和一台数据投影仪可用。

availability( n. 可用性)

unavailable( adj. 得不到的)

limit [ˈlɪmɪt]

n. 极限;限制;[pl.]边界,范围 vt. 限制,限定

词根记忆:lim(限制)+it→限制

People under 16 are off limits to the bar in this country. 在这个国家,16岁以下的人禁止进入酒吧。

off limits 禁止进入;within limits 适度地,在合理的范围内

limitation( n. 限制,限定);limited( adj. 有限的);limitless( adj. 无限的);unlimited( adj. 无限制的)

rise [raɪz]

n. (数量、价格等)增加,升高;兴起;上升 v. 升起;上升;增加;站起来;耸立

The floodwaters began to rise again. 洪水再次开始上涨。

rise up 升起;起身;起义;give rise to 引起,使发生

sign [saɪn]

n. 记号,符号;标识,标牌;迹象 v. 签名;做手势

词根记忆:本身为词根“记号,信号”

Only a hundred years ago, in the United States, you were considered to be literate if you could sign your name to a piece of paper. 仅在一百年前的美国,如果你能在一张纸上签名,你就会被认为有文化。

sign the agreement 签署协议;sign the contract 签署合同;sign for 签收;sign up(for)报名参加

court [kɔːt]

n. 法院,法庭;球场

Many reporters had gathered outside the court . 许多记者聚集在法庭外。

aspect [ˈæspekt]

n. 方面;面貌,外表

词根记忆:a(表加强)+spect(看)→让人看的东西→外表

Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. 然而,许多人认为,我们的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面。

reveal [rɪˈviːl]

vt. 展现,显露;揭露

Some narratives seem more like plays, heavy with dialogue by which writers allow their characters to reveal themselves. 一些记叙文看起来更像是戏剧,充斥大量的对话,作者让人物通过对话去展示他们自己。

revelation( n. 揭露;透露)

reveal, expose
两者都有“显示”之意。reveal意义较广,既可以表示“显示、透露某种情况”,又可以表示“显露感情”;expose侧重揭露不好的事情,如:expose a criminal。

intelligence [ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns]

n. 智力,理解力,智慧;情报;情报人员,情报机构

Changing technology stimulates the brain and increases intelligence . 不断变化的技术刺激大脑,增强智力。

crisis [ˈkraɪsɪs]

n. [pl. crises]危机;危急存亡之际,决定性时刻;转折点

During the economic crisis , they had to cut back production and lay off workers. 经济危机期间,他们不得不削减生产量,解雇工人。

native [ˈneɪtɪv]

adj. 本地的,当地的;土著的;出生地的;与生俱来的;(动、植物)原产于某地的

n. 本地人;土著

We are passionate about our native tongue. 我们非常热爱自己的母语。

wear [weə(r)]

v. 穿,戴;面带(某种表情);蓄留(发、须等);耗损,磨损 n. 衣服;穿,戴;磨损,损耗;耐用性

She was wearing a new net blouse that she thought became her. 她穿着一件新的网眼衬衫,她认为那很适合她。

wear out 穿破;使筋疲力尽

weary( adj. 非常疲倦的);wearily( adv. 疲倦地);weariness( n. 疲倦)

general [ˈdʒenrəl]

adj. 一般的,普遍的;总的,全面的;大体的,笼统的 n. 将军

词根记忆:gener(产生)+al(…的)→产生一切的→普遍的

During wars, generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle. 在战争时期,将军们用振奋人心的讲话让军队做好作战准备。

in general 一般地,大体上

generally( adv. 一般地;普遍地)

general, normal, usual
三个词都有“一般的,普通的”之意,但侧重点不同。general强调整体;normal强调与常规没有出入的、正常的;usual强调符合习惯的、平常的。

medical [ˈmedɪkl]

adj. 医学的;疾病的;医疗的

medical services 医疗服务;medical history 病历

recognize [ˈrekəɡnaɪz]

v. 认出,辨认;承认,认可,公认

词根记忆:re+cogn(知道)+ize(使)→使知道→认出

The emotion-refocusing techniques help you recognize how you are feeling and shift to a more positive emotional, mental and physical state. 重新聚焦情绪的方法可以帮助你辨别你当下的感受,并转向更积极的情绪、精神和身体状态。

recognition( n. 认出;承认)

shift [ʃɪft]

v. 移动,转移;变换;推卸(责任);清除(污渍);换(挡) n. 改变,变换;轮班,换班

ceremony [ˈserəməni]

n. 典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪

When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. 当一个团体赢得MTV大奖时,全世界会有数十万人观看颁奖典礼。

ceremonial( adj. 礼仪上的 n. 仪式,典礼)

perfect [ˈpɜːfɪkt][pəˈfekt]

adj. 完美的;完全的,绝对的;最适合的 vt. 使完善,使完美

Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech. 即使是贝拉克·奥巴马也在努力完善每一次演讲。

perfection( n. 完善;完美)

imperfect( adj. 不完美的,有缺陷的)

colleague [ˈkɒliːɡ]

n. 同事;同僚

词根记忆:col(共同)+league(联盟)→在同一联盟的人→同事

rate [reɪt]

n. 速度,速率;比率,率;规定的费用或价格;[pl.]地方税 vt. 评估,评价;划分等级

词根记忆:rat(计算)+e→计算的结果→比率

Teddy came to my assistance with a cheque of $200 to pay my room rate , after I phoned him that my wallet had been stolen. 在我打电话告诉泰迪我的钱包被偷之后,他拿着一张200美元的支票来帮我付房租。

at any rate 无论如何;至少;总而言之

rating( n. 等级;收视率)

steal [stiːl]

v. 偷,窃取;偷偷地移动,悄悄地走;剽窃

Texting saves us time, but it steals from quiet reflection. 发短信可以为我们节省时间,但却占用了我们用于安静思考的时间。

stealthy( adj. 悄悄的,偷偷的)

match [mætʃ]

n. 比赛,竞赛;火柴;对手;相配的人(或物) v. 与…相配;与…相匹敌

John matched his skills against all of his opponents. 约翰把自己的技艺与所有的对手相匹敌。

technique [tekˈniːk]

n. 技术;技巧,技能

词根记忆:techn(技艺)+ique(看作ic,…术)→技术

There are various techniques for dealing with pollution. 处理污染有很多不同的技术。

cultural [ˈkʌltʃərəl]

adj. 文化的,与文化有关的

To some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. 在一些思想家看来,正是机器及其发展推动了经济和文化的变革。

culturally( adv. 从文化上)

particular [pəˈtɪkjələ(r)]

adj. 特别的,特殊的;挑剔的;详细的;特指的 n. 细节

词根记忆:part(部分)+icular(属于…的)→只属于部分的→特别的

In the background of the picture, a long way from this particular bare hill, there's another hill. 在画的背景处,距那座光秃秃的山很远的地方,还有另一座小山。

be particular about 对…挑剔

particularly( adv. 特别,尤其)

particular, special, peculiar, specific
四个词都有“特殊的,特别的”之意。particular指某物与众不同,常与in连用组成in particular,表示“特别”;special指某人或某物与其他人或物有区别而具备特殊的性质或特征,如:special dishes;peculiar强调罕见与异类,有“奇怪的”之意,常与to连用;specific与general相对,多作“具体的”讲,也有“独特的”之意,如:specific quality。

serve [sɜːv]

v. 服务,招待;为…效力;任职;端上(饭菜);对…有用;提供;可用作

It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers on this special occasion. 在这个特殊的场合,上牛排或汉堡是不合适的。

serve as 作为;充当,担任

servant( n. 仆人);service( n. 服务)

standard [ˈstændəd]

n. 标准,基准;规格,规范 adj. 标准的;权威的;普通的,通用的

The association also said that the standards of training must be raised among flight crews and air traffic controllers as the sky has become ever more crowded. 该协会还表示,机组人员和空中交通管制员的培训标准必须提高,因为天空已经变得越来越拥挤了。

standardize/-ise[ vt. 使(某事物)标准化或符合规格]

positive [ˈpɒzətɪv]

adj. 积极乐观的;积极的,有效的;确定的;确信的;证据确凿的;正极的;阳性的

词根记忆:posit(放置)+ive→就那么放→确定的

If you smile and have confidence, you will think in a more positive way. 如果你微笑并保持自信,你会以更加积极的方式来思考问题。

original [əˈrɪdʒənl]

adj. 最初的;有创造性的;原作的 n. 原版,原样

The food tastes better—it's fresher and organic—and the garden handily fulfills its original purpose: cost cutting. 食物的味道更好——更新鲜、有机——花园很容易地实现了其最初的目的:降低成本。

originally( adv. 原先,最初);orginality( n. 独创性;新颖)

collect [kəˈlekt]

v. 收集,采集;领取(信件等);收(租税、账等);堆积 adj. 由对方付费的

词根记忆:col(表加强)+lect(收集)→收集

You need to leave the parcel open so that the driver can check the contents when he collects it. 你需要让包裹开着口,这样司机来取时便于检查里面装的是什么东西。

collection( n. 收藏品;收集;作品集;募捐);collective( adj. 集体的 n. 集体企业);collector( n. 收藏家;征收员)

repair [rɪˈpeə(r)]

vt. 修理,修补;纠正,补救 n. 修理,修补

I hung up the phone and drove my computer to a small, friendly repair place I'd heard about. 我挂断了电话,然后开车把我的电脑送到一个据说很友好的小维修点。

make repairs 修理,修补

add [æd]

v. 加;增加;补充说;增添

Specifically, AT&T will add 2,000 new cell sites and upgrade existing cell sites with three times more fiber links than it had in 2009. 需要特别指出的是,美国电话电报公司将增加2,000个新的蜂窝基站,并用比2009年多出三倍的光纤链路来对现有的蜂窝基站进行升级。

add up to 合计为;add...to 增加,增添

comfort [ˈkʌmfət]

n. 安慰;舒适,安逸 vt. 安慰;使…舒适

联想记忆:com(表加强)+fort(堡垒)→堡垒给人以安全感→安慰

On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need comforting . 从更私人的角度来看,朋友可能会感到不安,需要安慰。

comfortable( adj. 舒适的,自在的);uncomfortable( adj. 不舒服的,不自在的)

grit [ɡrɪt]

n. 砂,砂粒;坚毅,勇气 vt. 咬紧(牙关)

Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. 毅力就是对长期目标的热情和坚持。

material [məˈtɪəriəl]

n. 布料;材料;素材 adj. 物质的;客观存在的;重要的

Sound is the raw material of music. 声音是音乐的原始素材。

materialism( n. 唯物主义;物质主义);materialist( n. 唯物主义者)

handle [ˈhændl]

n. 柄,把手 v. 处理,负责,对待;触,拿;运用,操纵,驾驭;买卖

联想记忆:hand(手)+le→方便手操作的东西→柄,把手

These will be the best years of your life if you can handle the stress of college life. 如果你能处理好大学生活的压力,这将会是你人生中最美好的时光。

get/have a handle on 理解,明白

handle, manipulate
两个词都有“操纵,控制”的意思。handle运用的范围比较广,暗指操纵的人具有驾驭能力;manipulate表示用技巧来操纵,有时还带有“使用不光明的手段”这种贬义色彩,如:manipulate the stock market。

rush [rʌʃ]

n. 冲;突袭;匆忙,急忙;高峰期,热潮 v. 冲,奔;仓促处理,匆忙地做;迅速运送

Cairo, a dusty city of 20 million people, is a place where time seems to both stand still and rush into utter chaos. 开罗是一座尘土飞扬的城市,拥有2,000万人口,在这里,时间似乎是静止的,同时又似乎陷入一片彻底的混乱。

ground [ɡraʊnd]

n. 地面;土壤;土地;场地;范围,领域;理由

By outsourcing, he'd hoped he could get the business off the ground without debt. 通过外包,他希望自己可以在没有债务的情况下让公司起步。

get(sth.)off the ground(使)顺利开始,开始发生;give/lose ground(to sb./sth.)退让,失利

negative [ˈneɡətɪv]

adj. 消极的;否定的;(电)负极的 n. 否定词,否定语;底片

词根记忆:neg(否认)+ative(…的)→否定的

When you regularly experience negative feelings and high amounts of stress, your brain recognizes this as your normal state. 当你经常经历负面情绪和高强度的压力时,你的大脑就会认定这个状态就是你的常态。

negatively( adv. 消极地;否定地)

protect [prəˈtekt]

vt. 保护;防护;维护

Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from sunlight. 戴上太阳镜,以保护眼睛免受阳光的照射。

candidate [ˈkændɪdət]

n. 候选人;应试者,应考者

联想记忆:can(能)+did(做)+ate(人)→能做事的人→候选人

As often as not, employers do not choose the best candidate ; they choose the candidate who makes a good first impression on them. 雇主通常不会选择最优秀的求职者;他们选择给他们留下不错的第一印象的求职者。

discuss [dɪˈskʌs]

vt. 讨论,商讨

He refused to discuss the case publicly. 他拒绝公开讨论此案。

discussion( n. 讨论,商讨)

crime [kraɪm]

n. 罪,罪行;犯罪活动

词根记忆:crim(罪行)+e→罪行

We need to focus more on crime prevention. 我们需要更加注重预防犯罪。

criminal( n. 罪犯 adj. 犯罪的)

screen [skriːn]

n. 屏幕;银幕 v. 遮蔽,掩护;审查;(疾病)筛查;放映(影片);播放(节目)

For many parents in the digital age, battles with their kids over screen time and devices have become a depressing part of family life. 对于数字时代的许多父母来说,与孩子们在屏幕时间和(电子)设备上的争斗已经成为家庭生活中令人沮丧的一部分。

address [əˈdres]

n. 地址;演说 v. (在信封或包裹上)写姓名、地址;发表演说;称呼;处理

The envelope was addressed to a man named Raoul, who, I was relatively certain, did not live with us. 信封上的收件人名字是拉乌尔,我比较肯定,他不和我们住在一起。

progress [ˈprəʊɡres][prəˈɡres]

n. 进步,进展;前进,行进 vi. 进步,进展;前进

词根记忆:pro(向前)+gress(行走)→向前走→前进;进步

Scientific and technological progress was achieved and disseminated through writing. 科学和技术进步通过文字实现并得以传播。

in progress 在进行中

progressive[ adj. 先进的;(动词)进行式的 n. 进步人士]

weight [weɪt]

n. 重量;沉重之物;砝码,秤砣;价值,重要性;负担

The event added weight to our movement. 这次事件增加了我们这场运动的重要性。

put on weight 体重增加,长胖

notice [ˈnəʊtɪs]

n. 通知,告示;注意;短评 vt. 注意到;通知

He noticed that the driver of the truck had been watching the whole transaction. 他注意到那个卡车司机一直在关注整个交易过程。

evidence [ˈevɪdəns]

n. 证据,证明;证词;人证,物证

词根记忆:e+vid(看见)+ence →证实所看见的人或物→人证;证据

In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people's abilities. 在某些方面,物质财富被视为人们能力的证明。

summary [ˈsʌməri]

n. 摘要,概要 adj. 简略的,概括的

词根记忆:sum(总和)+mary→摘要,概要

in summary 总的来说

summarize/-ise( v. 概述)

accident [ˈæksɪdənt]

n. 意外事件;(交通)事故

词根记忆:ac(表加强)+cid(切,杀)+ent(表名词)→不小心切到手→意外事件

The new measure will reduce the chance of serious injury in the event of an accident . 万一发生事故,这项新的措施将减少重伤的几率。

accidental( adj. 偶然的,意外的)

region [ˈriːdʒən]

n. 地区,区域;领域,范围

词根记忆:reg(统治)+ion→统治的区域→区域

Each city in the region of this mountain will pay taxes for public transportation. 这一山脉附近的每座城市都将缴纳公共交通税。

regional( adj. 地区的,区域的)

occur [əˈkɜː(r)]

vi. 发生,出现

词根记忆:oc+cur(跑)→跑出来→发生,出现

It occurred to me that we can go there by air to save time. 我突然想到为了节省时间我们可以坐飞机去那里。

occur to(念头)出现(在某人的脑子里),被想到

occurrence( n. 事件;发生,出现)

single [ˈsɪŋɡl]

adj. 单一的;(表示强调)单个的;未婚的;单人(用的)

singlehood( n. 单身,独身) jnGhcPR7zrcll8Hkd9So8Udpb1ug/cenIMUNe/xIDUViJ70PtwtiTC0F1br06V8a

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