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Word List 01

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mark [mɑːk]

n. 分数;标记 v. 做记号;弄脏;给…打分;纪念,庆贺

本身为词根:记号

To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activities including conferences, film shows, etc. 为了纪念学校成立一百周年,这所大学举办了一系列活动,包括会议、电影放映等。

base [beɪs]

n. 基础;底部 vt. 把…设在,以…为基地;以…为基础(或根据) adj. 卑鄙的

词根记忆:bas(基础)+e→基础

It was on Nov. 4, 1923, that British archaeologist Howard Carter stumbled on a stone at the base of the tomb of another pharaoh in Luxor that eventually led to a sealed doorway. 1923年11月4日,英国考古学家霍华德·卡特在卢克索另一个法老墓的底座处被一块石头绊倒,这最终使他发现了一个密封的入口。

base...on... …以…为基础

basic( adj. 基本的,基础的);basically( adv. 基本上,根本上);basics( n. 基本因素,基本原理)

according to [əˈkɔːdɪŋ tə]

依照;根据

The average age of the fleet of the seven large U.S. passenger airlines is about 14 years old, according to The Airline Monitor . 根据 The Airline Monitor 的报道,美国七大客运航空公司机队的平均飞行年限为14年左右。

accordingly( adv. 相应地;因此)

change [tʃeɪndʒ]

v. 改变;转换;交换 n. 改变;零钱

People can change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control. 人们可以改变自己的生活,但有序的改变并不简单,因为很多事情,甚至是我们自身的事情,都超出了我们的直接控制。

change one's mind 改变主意;change trains 换乘火车

changeable( adj. 易变的);unchangeable( adj. 不可改变的);unchangeably( adv. 不变地)

last [lɑːst]

adj. 最后的;上一次的 adv. 最后;上次 v. 持续;够…用 n. 最后;最后的人或东西

Adults typically feel more awake during the morning hours and sleepy at night, regardless of when we last slept. 无论我们最后一次睡觉是什么时候,成年人通常在早上感觉更清醒,晚上感觉困倦。

lasting( adj. 持久的,永久的);lastly( adv. 最后)

item [ˈaɪtəm]

n. 条,项目,条款;一件商品(或物品);(新闻等的)一条,一则

The news item is mainly about a joint venture between a U.S. company and a U.K. company. 这条新闻主要是关于一家美国公司与一家英国公司组建合资企业一事。

check [tʃek]

v. 检查;查明,核实;打上钩;寄放;控制 n. 检查;调查;寄存处;支票

We were meant to put a check inside the card and then drop the envelope in the mail. 我们本来打算在贺卡里放一张支票,然后把信封投进邮箱里。

check in 登记;报到;check out(of)结账离开(旅馆等);check sb./sth. out 调查;观察;check on 核实

award [əˈwɔːd]

vt. 授予;给予奖励 n. 奖品;奖金

联想记忆:Academy Award(奥斯卡金像奖)

Assessments of teacher quality are currently used for policy making, employment, merit-based pay awards , and as data to inform the professional growth of teachers, etc. 目前,教师质量评估被用于政策制定、就业、基于绩效的薪酬奖励,以及作为教师专业成长的参考数据等。

award, reward
award的意思是“授予”,如:award the prize to the winner;reward的意思是“给…酬劳,奖赏”,如:His efforts were rewarded with success.。

provide [prəˈvaɪd]

vt. 提供,供给;规定

词根记忆:pro(在前)+vid(看)+e→提前看到→提供,供给

The opposition to a longer school year comes from families that want to and can provide other experiences for their children. 反对延长学年的是那些希望并能够为孩子提供其他体验的家庭。

provide for 供养;(法律上)允许;为…做准备

provision( n. 提供;准备;规定;供给)

less [les]

adj. 较少的,更少的 adv. 更少,较少 pron. 较少数,较少量

Night wakings typically become less frequent as an infant grows up, and sleep changes in other ways throughout a person's life. 随着婴儿长大,夜间醒来的频率通常会降低,而在一个人的一生中,睡眠也会以其他方式发生变化。

even less / much less / still less 更不用说;no less than 不少于

state [steɪt]

n. 状态;国家,政府;州;级别,地位 v. 说,陈述

state of the art 最先进的

statement( n. 陈述,声明)

leave [liːv]

n. 假期;同意,许可 v. 离开;把…留在;使处于(某种状态、位置或情形);委托,把…交给

You'd better leave him alone when he works. 他在工作的时候你最好不要打扰他。

leave behind 留下;leave...alone 不打扰;on leave 在休假中;take French leave 不告而别;擅自行动

suggest [səˈdʒest]

vt. 建议,提议;表明,暗示

There is even research suggesting that in adults waking repeatedly at night can feel as bad as getting hardly any sleep in terms of attentional skills, fatigue levels and symptoms of depression. 甚至有研究表明,成年人在夜间反复醒来,在注意力水平、疲劳程度和抑郁症状方面,感觉就像几乎没有睡觉一样糟糕。

suggestion( n. 建议,提议;暗示;迹象)

believe [bɪˈliːv]

v. 相信;认为;信任,信赖

Let me share five facts that I believe every college student should know about stress. 让我来分享我认为每个大学生都应该知道的关于压力的五个事实。

belief( n. 相信;信念);make-believe( n. 虚构;假装)

complete [kəmˈpliːt]

adj. 完整的,全部的;完成了的 vt. 完成;使完整;填写(表格)

词根记忆:com(表加强)+ple(满,填满)+te→使填满→完成

Mercifully, I was able to complete all I had to do within a few days. 幸运的是,我可以在几天之内完成所有要做的事情。

completely( adv. 完全地)

experience [ɪkˈspɪəriəns]

vt. 体验;经历,遭受 n. 经验;经历;体验

词根记忆:ex(出)+per(尝试)+i+ence→尝试的感受→体验

I experienced a moment of panic as I boarded the plane. 我登上飞机时曾一度感到恐慌。

experienced( adj. 有经验的,老练的)

character [ˈkærəktə(r)]

n. 特性,性质;性格;人物,角色;字,符号

联想记忆:char+acter(看作actor,演员)→演员能很好地演绎人物性格→性格;人物

characteristic( n. 特征,特性 adj. 独特的);characterization/-isation( n. 人物塑造,角色刻画)

reason [ˈriːzn]

n. 理由;判断力;道理 v. 推理,推断;思考

I felt as if I had died and, for some unknown reason , was still breathing. 我觉得自己好像死了,但不知为什么,还在呼吸。

by reason of/that 由于,因为;with reason 正当地,合理地

reasoning( n. 推理,论证)

reason, cause
两个词都有“原因”的意思。reason强调针对发生的某件事给出原因,有可能并非真实原因;cause则强调某一事件的起因,暗示结果。

content [kənˈtent][ˈkɒntent]

adj. 满足的,满意的 n. 容量,含量;内容

词根记忆:con(共同)+tent(伸展)→全身舒展→满意的

I was alone in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation; but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect. 我在这世上孤身一人,除了智慧和清白的名声外,没有什么好倚仗的;不过这两样东西却让我踏上了最终的财富之路,我对前途感到满意。

be content to do sth. 乐于做某事

contented( adj. 满意的,知足的)

blank [blæŋk]

adj. 空白的;空虚的;茫然的;断然的 n. 空白;空格,空页

Harry found a diary with many blank pages. 哈里发现一本有很多空白页的日记本。

receive [rɪˈsiːv]

vt. 收到;经受;接待;收听,收看

词根记忆:re(往回)+ceiv(拿,抓)+e→抓住→收到

Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. 直到最近,拉丁美洲也才开始受到一些关注。

receiver( n. 接收者;收音机);receipt( n. 收到;收据;收入)

support [səˈpɔːt]

vt. 支撑;支持,鼓励;拥护;供养,资助;证实,为…提供证据 n. 支撑物,支柱;拥护,支持,鼓励

He would have finished his college education, but he had to quit and find a job to support his family. 他本应该完成大学学业,但他不得不退学,找份工作养家糊口。

supportive( adj. 给予帮助的;鼓励的);supporter( n. 支持者)

correct [kəˈrekt]

adj. 正确的;(行为、礼貌等)恰当的 v. 改正,纠正

词根记忆:cor(表加强)+rect(直,正)→使正→改正,纠正

Ed was desperate to correct his mistake. 埃德迫切地想改正自己的错误。

correction( n. 订正,修正);correctness( n. 正确)

incorrect( adj. 不准确的,不正确的)

decide [dɪˈsaɪd]

v. 决定;判决;使下决心

decision( n. 决定;决心);decisive( adj. 果断的;有决定作用的);decidedly( adv. 下定决心地)

offer [ˈɒfə(r)]

v. 提供;提出;出价;供奉 n. 提供;提议;报价

Finally, he offered to walk me through the use of a different CD, one that would erase my entire system. 最后,他提出指导我使用另外一张光盘,一张会清除我的整个系统的光盘。

detail [ˈdiːteɪl]

n. 细节;详情 vt. 详细说明;选派

The band needed a rest from performing but wouldn't go into detail about why. 这支乐队需要告别演出休整一下,但不愿透露具体原因。

in detail 详细地;go into detail 详细叙述

control [kənˈtrəʊl]

vt. 控制;抑制 n. 控制;支配;抑制

They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water. 他们相信T型十字章能够控制河水的流量,确保河中总是有足够的水量。

in control 指挥,管理,支配;处之泰然

controller( n. 指挥者)

light [laɪt]

n. 光线;灯;(眼中的)闪光;眼光,见解 v. 点燃;照亮 adj. 轻的;少量的;明亮的;浅色的

All her cousins and their children have light hair. 她所有的表亲及其子女都拥有浅色的头发。

make light of 轻视,视…为微不足道的;in the light of 鉴于

lighter( n. 打火机);lightning( n. 闪电 adj. 闪电般的)

remain [rɪˈmeɪn]

vi. 停留,留下;仍然是,保持

The language, which remains unchanged, is nothing but dead. 一成不变的语言只能渐渐被废弃。

remainder( n. 剩余物;剩下的人);remains( n. 残余;遗迹;遗体)

explain [ɪkˈspleɪn]

vt. 解释,说明;为…辩解,说明…的理由

“I kept seeing people missing their cell phone calls because they were listening to music,” he explains . 他解释说:“我总能看见人们因为听音乐而没有接到电话。”

explanation( n. 说明,解释;理由);explanatory( adj. 说明的,解释的);unexplained( adj. 无法解释的)

present [prɪˈzent][ˈpreznt]

vt. 给予;呈递;上演;介绍;表现;使发生 n. 礼物;目前,现在 adj. 现在的;出席的

The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present . 用于招待客人的食物代表了这是什么样的场合,反映出了什么样的人会出席。

at present 目前,现在

presentation( n. 出示;介绍会;演出);presently( adv. 现在,目前);presence( n. 出席,到场;存在)

present, gift
二者都有“礼物”的意思。present指价值不太高的礼物,一般都是由同辈或辈分低的人所送;gift价值较高,有送礼或捐赠的意思,另外gift还有“天资”的意思。

express [ɪkˈspres]

vt. 表达,表示;表达(自己的思想感情) n. 快车 adj. 明确的;特快的;快递的

联想记忆:ex(向外,出)+press(挤压)→把心里的想法挤出来→表达(自己的思想感情)

In Latin America, people express their hopes through the color of their underwear. 在拉丁美洲,人们通过内衣的颜色来表达他们的期望。

express oneself 表达自己的思想、感情等

expression( n. 表示;表情);expressive( adj. 富于表现力的);expressly( adv. 明确地;特意地)

response [rɪˈspɒns]

n. 回答,答复;反应,响应

After telling several friends about our ordeal, probably the most frequent advice I've heard in response is to change my name. 在告诉了几个朋友我们的遭遇后,我听到的回应中最多的建议可能是改我的名字。

in response to 响应,回答

responsive( adj. 反应灵敏的)

stress [stres]

n. 压力;重要性,强调;重音,重读 vt. 强调,着重;用重音读

Life is very stressful nowadays, so it is useful for us to talk about how to cope with stress . 现如今生活压力很大,所以讨论如何应对压力对我们来说很有帮助。

view [vjuː]

n. 看法,意见;景色;视野 vt. 认为;观察

Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke. 心理学家认为,这个话题要么是一件令人沮丧的事情,要么是一个笑话。

on view 在展出,陈列着;in view of 鉴于…,考虑到…

effect [ɪˈfekt]

n. 影响,结果;(艺术)效果,印象

词根记忆:ef(出)+fect(做)→做出来→结果

DeSteno studies the effects that thankfulness can have on people's behavior. 德斯迪诺研究感恩对人们行为的影响。

have an effect on sth. 对…有影响;take effect 见效,生效;in effect 实际上;to the effect that... 大意是

effective( adj. 有效的;实际的);effectively( adv. 有效地)

major [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)]

adj. 主要的,重要的 n. 主修的专业;(陆军或美空军)少校 vi. (大学里)主修

词根记忆:maj(大)+or→大的→主要的

It is suggested to choose a major or career path you love and enjoy. 建议你选择自己热爱和喜欢的专业或职业道路。

major in 主修(某个专业)

majority( n. 大部分,大多数)

point [pɔɪnt]

n. 观点,要点;尖(端);时刻,关头;目的;小数点 v. 指向;(使)对准

I got to the point where I couldn't wait to get home to my books. 我已经到了迫不及待地想回家看书的地步。

point out 指出;point to sth. 指出;预示;if/when it comes to the point 必须做决定时

describe [dɪˈskraɪb]

vt. 描述,描写,形容

词根记忆:de(表加强)+scrib(写)+e→描写

Words come out of the culture that they represent and they describe . 词语来源于它们所代表和描述的文化。

describe sth./sb. as 将…描绘成…

description( n. 描述);descriptive( adj. 描述性的)

object [ˈɒbdʒɪkt][əbˈdʒekt]

n. 物,物体;目标;宾语;对象 v. 反对,不赞成

Sometimes new words catch on, sometimes they don't, but you can always bet that someone, somewhere will object to them. 有时新词流行起来,有时不流行,但几乎可以肯定,某个地方的某个人会反对它们。

objection( n. 反对;反对意见);objective( n. 目的,目标 adj. 客观的);objectively( adv. 客观地)

ability [əˈbɪləti]

n. 能力;才能,才智

来自able( adj. 有能力的)

There are many people of great ability who simply do not interview very well. 许多很有能力的人就是不能在面试中表现得很好。

to the best of one's ability 某人竭尽全力

event [ɪˈvent]

n. 事件,大事;(运动会等的)比赛项目

Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. 令人伤心之事从来都不易处理,但如果能在演讲中表达对所爱之人逝去的悼念,并赞美逝者的贡献,则能抚慰人心。

in the event 结果,到头来;at all events 不管怎样,无论如何

eventful( adj. 充满大事的,多变故的)

increase [ɪnˈkriːs][ˈɪŋkriːs]

v. 增加,增长 n. 增加,增长,增强

词根记忆:in(使)+creas(增加)+e→增加

A United Nations report says reaching that goal will require major increases in intensive, high-efficiency livestock operations for both meat and dairy production. 联合国的一份报告指出,要实现那一目标,需要大幅增加肉类和乳制品生产的密集型、高效的畜牧业生产。

increasingly( adv. 越来越多地)

increase, enlarge, augment, multiply
四个词都有“增加”的意思。increase范围最广,各方面的增长都可用它表示;enlarge多指大小、体积等的增加或扩大;augment一般指数量上的增加;multiply有“乘”的意思,也多指数量的增加或通过繁殖增加,比augment量更多一点。

expect [ɪkˈspekt]

vt. 预料;期望;要求

If you can't find work, don't expect the taxpayer to bail you out. 如果你找不到工作,别指望纳税人来救助你。

expectation( n. 预期;期望);unexpected( adj. 没有料到的,想不到的)

rule [ruːl]

n. 规则;惯常的事,习惯;统治 v. 统治,管理;裁决

Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. 文化方面的规则决定了食品消费的方方面面。

as a rule 通常

subject [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt; ˈsʌbdʒekt][səbˈdʒekt]

adj. 受…支配的;受…影响的 n. 学科;主题,话题;主语;实验对象 vt. 使隶属,使服从;使遭受

词根记忆:sub(下)+ject(扔)→被扔在下面→使遭受

Electronic cigarettes should be subject to the same taxes and limitations on public use as traditional tobacco products. 电子烟应与传统烟草产品一样,在公共使用方面缴纳相同的税、受到相同的限制。

subject to 易遭受…的;取决于;服从于

subjective( adj. 主观的)

subject, topic, title
三个词都有“题目,主题”的意思。subject指文章、谈话等的主要内容或标题;topic一般指“话题”;title用于书籍、文章的标题,有时可与subject互换。

develop [dɪˈveləp]

v. (使)成长,发展;开发;阐明;患(病);发育;冲洗(胶片)

The early civilizations of Egypt, China, and(probably)India all developed a system of writing. 埃及、中国和(可能是)印度的早期文明都发展出了文字系统。

development( n. 发展;成长)

indicate [ˈɪndɪkeɪt]

v. 表明,显示;暗示;指示;标示

词根记忆:in+dic(说)+ate(做)→说出→指示

She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines indicated repression and even a certain strength. 她很年轻,有一张白皙、平静的脸,脸上的皱纹显示出压抑,甚至某种力量。

indication( n. 指示;暗示);indicative( adj. 标示的;陈述的);indicator( n. 标志;指示器)

loss [lɒs]

n. 丧失;去世,逝世;损失,亏损

a loss of 损失;at a loss 亏本地;不知所措,不知如何是好

graduate [ˈɡrædʒueɪt][ˈɡrædʒuət]

vi. 毕业;获得学位 n. 毕业生 adj. 毕业了的;研究生的

词根记忆:gradu(=grad,走)+ate→走完所有步骤→毕业

So, you've been in graduate recruitment for five years. 那么,你从事毕业生招聘工作已经有五年了。

graduation( n. 毕业;毕业典礼)

order [ˈɔːdə(r)]

n. 顺序;秩序;命令;订货 v. 命令;点菜;整理

I chose the Martini, and calling the steward he ordered a tumbler of ice and a couple of glasses. 我挑了马提尼,他叫来侍者,要了一杯冰块和两个酒杯。

in order to 为了;on order 已订购的

sense [sens]

n. 官能;感觉;意义,含义;判断(力);见识 vt. 感知;明白

词根记忆:sens(感觉)+e→感觉

Without hope for the future, hard work at a low-paid job makes no sense . 如果对未来没有希望,那么在一份低收入的工作上努力工作是没有意义的。

make sense 有意义;make no sense 没有意义;sense of obligation 责任感;sense of isolation 孤独感;sense of security 安全感

treasure [ˈtreʒə(r)]

n. 金银财宝,财富;不可多得的人才 v. 珍重;珍惜;珍藏

As Friedrich Nietzsche so wisely said: “Our treasure lies in the beehive of our knowledge.”正如弗里德里希·尼采的一句智慧箴言所说:“我们的财富存在于知识的蜂巢。”

treasure-house( n. 宝库)

attitude [ˈætɪtjuːd]

n. 态度,看法;姿势

The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. 该报告导致了香烟警示标签、电视香烟广告禁令,并最终引发了一场反吸烟运动,改变了这个国家对吸烟的态度。

continue [kənˈtɪnjuː]

v. 继续;接着说

The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. 美国人生活中的竞争压力始于童年,一直持续到退休。

continuity( n. 连贯性,连续性);continuous( adj. 持续的);continual( adj. 频繁的;持续的)

emotional [ɪˈməʊʃənl]

adj. 感情(上)的;(易)激动的,情绪化的

词根记忆:emotion(情感)+al(…的)→感情上的

Americans believe that they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21. 美国人认为他们应该自力更生,尽早脱离父母,通常在18岁或者21岁就实现经济和情感上的独立自主。

gap [ɡæp]

n. 间隙;差距;缺口

There is no narrowing of the gap in sight. 差距没有缩小的迹象。

level [ˈlevl]

n. 数量,程度,浓度;水平面;水平 adj. 平的;等高的

Her sole duty, as far as I could tell, was to raise global stress levels . 据我所知,她的唯一职责是提高全球压力水平。

mind [maɪnd]

n. 思想,精神,头脑;心情;看法;智力,有才智的人 v. 介意;注意,小心

If you get a good night sleep, then it will keep your mind and your body in shape. 如果你晚上睡得好,这将会让你的身心都保持良好的状态。

keep in mind 牢记;change one's mind 改变主意;make up one's mind 下定决心;speak one's mind 直言不讳;to my mind 依我看

quality [ˈkwɒləti]

n. 质量,品级,品质;性质,特性

The quality of service in the shop has improved greatly. 这家商店的服务质量大大提高了。

qualitative( adj. 质量上的;定性的)

quality, quantity
二者形似,但意义不同。quality表示“质量”,quantity表示“数量”,两个词常对应使用。

tend [tend]

v. 倾向,趋于;照管

Nowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other. 现在的年轻人往往更经常打电话而不是给彼此写信。

tendency( n. 倾向,趋势);tender( adj. 嫩的;脆弱的;温和的,亲切的)

tend, incline
两个词都有“倾向”的意思。tend主语为人或物,结构为tend to do sth.;incline更多用于被动语态,常用词组是be inclined to do sth.。

allow [əˈlaʊ]

v. 允许;同意给予;考虑到;使可能;承认

Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before. 网络互联让人们有机会获得之前几乎无法想象的阅读体验。

allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事;allow for 考虑到

certain [ˈsɜːtn]

adj. 某一,某种;确凿的,无疑的;一定的,确信的,有把握的

词根记忆:cert(搞清)+ain→搞清楚的→有把握的

There are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. 有些特定的符号在不同文化背景下的人们眼里都象征着和平。

make certain of 弄明白

certainly( adv. 一定;当然);certainty( n. 确定性;确实的事)

consider [kənˈsɪdə(r)]

v. 考虑;认为;考虑到,体谅

We consider it strange that he should have left without telling anyone beforehand. 我们觉得奇怪的是,他竟然事先没有告诉任何人就离开了。

deal [diːl]

n. 数量;大量;交易 vi. 处理,对付;经营

In fact, sleep education alone can help some parents to deal with infant sleep. 事实上,睡眠教育本身就可以帮助一些父母解决婴儿的睡眠问题。

a good/great deal of 大量的;deal with 对待,处理

effort [ˈefət]

n. 努力,尽力,试图;有组织的活动

Galitz also regularly uses his photography to promote conservation efforts . 格里茨还经常用他的摄影作品来宣传保护工作。

make an effort 做出努力;spare no effort 不遗余力

multiple [ˈmʌltɪpl]

n. 倍数 adj. 多重的,多倍的,数量多的

词根记忆:multi(多)+ple(满的)→又多又满的→多重的

As for the special goods of houses, the price is affected by multiple factors. 对于住宅这一特殊的商品来讲,价格受多重因素的影响。

remember [rɪˈmembə(r)]

v. 记得;记住;问候

One thing to remember is that loneliness is subjective. 需要记住的一点是,孤独是主观的。

avoid [əˈvɔɪd]

vt. 避免;回避,躲开

联想记忆:a(无)+void(空的)→屋子空了→回避,躲开

Road safety should be taught to young children to avoid road accidents. 应该教给小孩子道路安全知识,以避免交通事故的发生。

avoid doing 避免做…

avoidance( n. 避开;避免)

create [kriˈeɪt]

v. 创造,创作;引起,产生,造成

词根记忆:cre(生产;增长)+ate(使)→使生长→创造

Pressure to excel often creates stress, and many students are not learning how to effectively handle this stress. 迫使自己脱颖而出往往会导致压力,很多学生并没有学会如何有效处理这种压力。

creation( n. 创造;作品);creative( adj. 有创造性的);creativity( n. 创造力;独创性);creature( n. 生物,动物)

design [dɪˈzaɪn]

n. 设计;图样,图案 v. 设计;计划,打算;构思

联想记忆:de+sign(记号)→做记号→设计

Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. 站在地面上看,这些图案就是一片毫无意义的混乱景象。

designer( n. 设计师)

finding [ˈfaɪndɪŋ]

n. 发现;研究所得,调查结果;裁决,判决

Our latest research findings were presented in the meeting. 会上公布了我们最新的研究成果。

improve [ɪmˈpruːv]

v. 改进,提高,改善

This will improve medical care and education, science and agriculture, business opportunities and employment. 这将改善医疗护理和教育、科学和农业、商业机会和就业。

improvement( n. 改善;改进)

mood [muːd]

n. 心情,情绪;坏脾气;气氛;(动词的)语气

If there were no subjunctive mood , English would be much easier to learn. 如果没有虚拟语气,那么学英语会更容易。

welfare [ˈwelfeə(r)]

n. 幸福,康乐;福利;社会保障金

They live on charity and social welfare . 他们依靠救济和社会保障金过活。

concern [kənˈsɜːn]

vt. 涉及,影响;使关心,使担心 n. 担忧;担心的事;关爱;(对人、组织等)重要的事;负责任的事;企业

词根记忆:con(共同)+cern(搞清)→都想搞清楚→使关心

As far as manners are concerned , I suppose I have always been a supporter of women's liberation. 关于礼仪问题,我想我一直都是女性解放运动的支持者。

as far as...be concerned 关于…

concerning( prep. 关于)

unconcern( n. 不关心,冷漠)

represent [ˌreprɪˈzent]

vt. 代表;描绘,表现;象征,表示;意味着,相当于…

In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. 在中国传统中,彩虹是婚姻的普遍象征,因为彩虹的颜色代表阴阳结合。

representation( n. 表现,描述;代表;抗议);representative( adj. 典型的 n. 代表)

alone [əˈləʊn]

adj. 单独的;孤独的 adv. 独自;只有,仅仅

A new study from the University of New South Wales has discovered that during the working week, Australian fathers only spend an average of just over a minute each day alone with their children. 新南威尔士大学的一项新的研究发现,在工作日期间,澳大利亚的父亲们平均每天单独陪伴孩子的时间只有一分多钟。

alone, lonely
alone强调独自一人的事实,也可以用来指单独一人的心情,只能用作表语,如:I was alone in the house.;lonely强调在孤独时渴望有人陪伴。

bargain [ˈbɑːɡən]

vi. 议价,讨价还价 n. 廉价货;合同,协议;讨价还价

联想记忆:bar(障碍)+gain(获得)→高价是得到物品的障碍,所以要讨价还价→讨价还价

I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. 我决定买其中一条裙子,然后开始和她讨价还价。

drive a bargain 讨价还价

supply [səˈplaɪ]

vt. 供给,供应;满足(需要) n. 供应,供给之物;现货

词根记忆:sup(下)+ply(充满)→从下面补充→供给

Local schools supply many of the volunteers. 许多志愿者来自当地学校。

supplier( n. 供应商)

supply, provide, afford
三个词都有“供给,提供”的意思。supply的常用结构为supply sb. with sth.或supply sth. to sb.,一般都不是免费供给;provide与supply意思相似,但往往表示免费提供,常用结构为provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb.;afford比较正式,一般用于抽象事物,它还表示“负担得起”。

special [ˈspeʃl]

adj. 特殊的;专用的,特设的;附加的,格外的

specialist( n. 专家);special(i)ty( n. 专业;专长;特产);specially( adv. 特别地,专门地)

produce [prəˈdjuːs][ˈprɒdjuːs]

vt. 出产,产出;导致;培养;出示;制作;出版 n. 产品(尤指农产品)

The shop could exchange the product if the customer can produce the receipt. 如果顾客能出示收据,商店就可以换货。

cost [kɒst]

n. 成本,价格,费用;代价 vt. 使花费,值(多少钱);使付出努力;使丧失;估价

Text messages cost carriers less than traditional mobile voice transmissions, and so they cost users less. 与传统的移动语音传输相比,短信对运营商来说成本更低,因此用户的花费也更少。

at all costs 不惜任何代价,无论如何;at the cost of 以…为代价

costly( adj. 昂贵的;代价高的)

fake [feɪk]

n. 假货,赝品;诡计 adj. 假的,冒充的 v. 伪造,冒充;假装

I was fake phoning my way past a colleague, and he was actually following me to get my attention. 我从一位同事身边经过时,假装在打电话。事实上他一直跟着我,想引起我的注意。

require [rɪˈkwaɪə(r)]

vt. 需要;要求,命令

词根记忆:re(一再,重复)+quire(寻求,获得)→需要;要求

The doctor said that the gash in the cheek required ten stitches. 医生说脸颊上的伤口需要缝十针。

requirement( n. 要求;必要条件)

focus [ˈfəʊkəs]

n. 关注;焦点,聚焦;中心,集中点 v. 聚焦,集中;调节…的焦距

In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. 在这样一个日新月异的世界中,现实似乎每天都在被重塑,我们需要具备关注和理解身边正在发生的事情的能力。

focus on 关注

refocus( v. 调整…的焦点)

lack [læk]

n. 缺乏,不足;缺少的东西 v. 缺乏,没有

Mr. Runt's project failed for lack of fund. 伦特先生的项目由于缺乏资金而失败了。

for lack of / by lack of / from lack of 因缺乏…

lacking( adj. 缺乏的,没有的)

critical [ˈkrɪtɪkl]

adj. 紧要的,关键性的;批评(性)的,挑剔的;有判断力的;危急的

词根记忆:crit(筛选,判断)+ical(…的)→到了选择关头的→关键性的

Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own. 此外,他不仅对他人的作品持批判态度,对自己的作品也是如此。

criticism( n. 评论;批评);critically( adv. 极其重要地;非常危急地;批判性地)

amount [əˈmaʊnt]

n. 总数;数量 vi. 总计;相当于

a large amount of 大量;the total amount of …的总额,总量;amount to(数量上)达到;相当于

lead [liːd][led]

v. 领导,指引;导致,通往 n. 榜样;领先(地位) n.

The first impulse leads us to provide housing, food stamps, medical care and a cash stipend for families in need. 第一种冲动促使我们为困难家庭提供住房、食品券、医疗和现金补贴。

lead to 导致,引起

leader( n. 领导人,领袖);leadership( n. 领导权;领导才能)

issue [ˈɪʃuː]

n. 问题,议题;(报刊)期号;发行;分发 v. 宣布;(正式)发给;(报刊等)发行,发布

Issues of price, place, promotion, and product are among the most conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies. 在制订市场策略时,价格、地点、产品推广以及产品本身是最常关注的问题。

issue, problem, question
三个词都有“问题”的意思。issue指有争议的问题或难点,如:an economic issue;problem强调问题很有难度,如:a math problem;question意思比较广,强调疑惑。

community [kəˈmjuːnəti]

n. 社区,社会;团体,界;(动植物的)群落

词根记忆:com(共同)+muni(公共的)+ty→公共状态→社区;团体

The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Daniken's theory. 没过多久,科学界就嘲笑并弃用了冯·丹尼肯的理论。

symbol [ˈsɪmbl]

n. 象征;符号

The dove is a symbol of peace. 鸽子是和平的象征。

underline [ˌʌndəˈlaɪn]

vt. 在…下面画线;强调,加强

组合词:under(在…下)+line(画线)→在…下面画线→强调

Germany views the World Cup as a chance to change perceptions and underline its contribution to world culture. 德国认为举办世界杯是一个改变人们看法、强调本国对世界文化所做贡献的机会。

model [ˈmɒdl]

n. 模型;模特儿;模范;式样,型号

In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. 在19世纪,曾经有一个关于如何做一个好人的模范。

arrange [əˈreɪndʒ]

v. 整理,分类;筹备,安排;商定

词根记忆:ar(表加强)+range(排列)→有顺序地排列→整理;安排

On Thursday we usually arrange a meal in a restaurant for anyone who wants to come. 星期四的时候,我们通常会在餐馆安排聚餐,任何想来的人都可以参加。

arrange for 安排;arrange with sb. 与某人商量

arrangement( n. 整理;安排;商定)

correspond [ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd]

v. 符合,一致;相当,相应;通信

词根记忆:cor(共同)+respond(做出反应)→做出相同的反应→一致

I'd like to find a job corresponding with my interests. 我想找一份与我的志趣相符的工作。

correspond with/to sth. 与某事相符、一致;correspond with sb. 与某人通信;correspond to 相当于…,等于…

correspondence( n. 来往信件;通信);correspondent( n. 通讯员,记者);corresponding( adj. 相应的)

appear [əˈpɪə(r)]

vi. 似乎,显得;出现;显现;露面

At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear , and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not in sight. 在3,000英尺的高空,宽阔的平原开始显现,而远山自始至终都出现在视野里。

disappear( vi. 消失;失踪)

origin [ˈɒrɪdʒɪn]

n. 起源,起因;出身,血统

词根记忆:ori(开始)+gin→开始→起源,起因

Most coughs are viral in origin . 咳嗽大多是由病毒引发的。

originate( v. 起源;始创)

insert [ɪnˈsɜːt][ˈɪnsɜːt]

vt. 插入,嵌入;添加 n. 插页;插入物

词根记忆:in(进入)+sert(插,放)→插进去→插入,嵌入

The nurse inserted a needle into the medicine vial. 护士把针插入药瓶里。

possibility [ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti]

n. 可能,可能性;可能的事

词根记忆:possib(le)(可能的)+ility(表名词)→可能性

impossibility( n. 不可能)

measure [ˈmeʒə(r)]

n. 措施,办法;判断;标准,尺度;程度,范围 v. 测量;有…长(或宽、高等);判定

词根记忆:meas(测量)+ure→测量

To improve the situation, our government should take more strict measures to control advertisements. 我们的政府应该采取更加严格的措施来管控广告,以改善形势。

measurement( n. 测定;尺寸)

current [ˈkʌrənt]

n. 潮流;趋势;电流 adj. 当前的;通用的;流行的

They stood there for a moment, side by side, watching the rush of the holiday current and for their place in it. 她们肩并肩站了一会儿,注视着节日洪流的匆忙,寻找自己在其中的位置。

currently( adv. 现时,当前)

personal [ˈpɜːsənl]

adj. 个人的,私人的;人际的

词根记忆:person(人)+al(…的)→个人的

You can change your own personal habits. 你可以改变自己的个人习惯。

impersonal( adj. 冷淡的;不受个人感情影响的);personality( n. 个性;名人)

condition [kənˈdɪʃn]

n. 条件;状况;环境,形势 vt. 影响;使适应,使习惯于

Mrs. Brown's condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if she will pull through. 布朗太太的情况看起来很严重,她能否挺过去还不确定。

on(the)condition that... 在…条件下

conditional( adj. 附有条件的);conditioner( n. 调理的物品;护发素)

Ordinary people merely think how they shall spend their time; a man of talent tries to use it.

普通人只想到如何度过时间,有才能的人设法利用时间。

——德国哲学家 叔本华(Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher) 6cZUC9kxjXwV/aSJWezqDcXAzOvzKzm/bR8NYvR6oNsOFBUmIMDnO8UEI3X8Z0DM

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