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Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2 .
张骞 （Zhang Qian）是中国第一个伟大的探险家。他不畏艰险，克服重重困难，两次出使西域，开通了中国同西亚和欧洲的通商关系，将中国的丝和丝织品运往西亚和欧洲，开拓了历史上著名的“丝绸之路”。同时，他又将西域的风土人情、地理文化以及特有物种等介绍到中原，极大地开阔了人们的视野。
正如历史学家所指出的那样，如果没有张骞出使西域，就不可能有丝绸之路的开辟，也就不会有汉朝同西域或欧洲的文化交流。
·难词译注·
不畏艰险 brave hardships
丝绸之路 the Silk Road
中原 the Central Plains
克服重重困难 overcome difficulties
地理文化 geographical culture
开阔视野 broaden one's horizons
丝织品 silk fabrics; silk goods
特有物种 unique species
历史学家 historian
·参考译文·
Zhang Qian was China's first great explorer. Braving hardships and overcoming difficulties, he made two diplomatic missions to the Western Regions, opened up trade relations between China and West Asia and Europe, shipped Chinese silk and silk fabrics to West Asia and Europe, and opened up the famous “Silk Road”in history. At the same time, he also introduced the customs, geographical culture and unique species of the Western Regions to the Central Plains, which greatly broadened people's horizons.
As historians have pointed out, without Zhang Qian's missions to the Western Regions, the opening of the Silk Road would not have been possible, and there would not have been cultural exchanges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions or Europe.
·译点精析·
1. 第一句： “中国第一个伟大的探险家”翻译为China's first great explorer。
2. 第二句： 本句较长，分析句子结构可知，主体为：他两次出使西域，开通了通商关系，将丝和丝织品运往西亚和欧洲，开拓了“丝绸之路”，为并列的四部分，可翻译为he made two diplomatic missions to the Western Regions, opened up trade relations, shipped Chinese silk and silk fabrics to West Asia and Europe, and opened up the “Silk Road”，其余修饰性成分另行补译即可；句首的“不畏艰险，克服重重困难”可处理为现在分词短语，充当句子的伴随状语，即Braving hardships and overcoming difficulties。
3. 第三句： 本句主体为“他又将西域的风土人情、地理文化以及特有物种等介绍到中原”，翻译为he also introduced the customs, geographical culture and unique species of the Western Regions to the Central Plains；“极大地开阔了人们的视野”为补充说明部分，可翻译为非限制性定语从句，即which greatly broadened people's horizons，也可以处理为现在分词短语，充当句子的结果状语，即greatly broadening people's horizons；句首的“同时”翻译为介词短语，即At the same time。
4. 第四句： 本句含有“如果没有……，就不可能有……，也就不会有……”的结构，表示虚拟，与过去的事实相反，可翻译为含有if引导的虚拟条件句的主从复合句。if引导的虚拟条件句也可以用without短语表示，即without Zhang Qian's missions to the Western Regions；主句为并列句，由and连接，注意谓语用would have done的结构。句首“正如历史学家所指出的那样”翻译为as引导的从句，即As historians have pointed out。