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2.5
不定代词

不明确指代某个(些)人、某个(些)事物的代词叫不定代词。可以代替名词和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

不定代词的分类如下表所示:

1 all, both

1 all 和both均可表示“全部都”,all指三个或三个以上的人或物,both仅指两个人或物。all of /both of后为名词时,of可省略,但为宾格代词时不可省略。

All ( of) the peace-loving peoples wish there to be no wars.所有热爱和平的民族都期盼消除战争。

Both ( of) my parents are non-smokers.我父母都不抽烟。

She invited both of us to her birthday party.她邀请我们两个参加她的生日宴会。

2 all指事物的整体或抽象概念时当作单数,指人时当作复数。

All is going perfectly.一切进展顺利。

All are here.So let's get started.所有人都到齐了,咱们开始吧。

3 all,both作主语同位语时应位于实义动词之前,系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。

My parents both like coffee very much.我父母都很喜欢咖啡。

You should all hand in your work by tomorrow.明天你们必须都把作业交上来。

4 在简略答语中,不可置于句尾。

—Were all the poems written by Emerson?这些诗都是爱默生写的吗?

—Yes, they all were.是的,都是。

高频考点 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… all与both的常见结构

all后可直接加不可数名词或可数名词的复数,也可在all与名词之间加the,my, your, this, that, those,these等。

both后只能修饰可数名词复数,或在both与可数名词复数之间加the,my,your等。

both students 两个学生都

both the students 这两个学生都

both my books 我的两本书

all money 所有的钱

all the money 所有的钱

all of the money 所有的钱

all of it 所有的

all of them 他们中所有的人

2 one

不定代词one指代可数名词,既可指人,也可指物。one既可以单独使用,也可以放在单数可数名词前作定语。其复数形式为ones,所有格形式为one's,反身代词为oneself。

1 单独使用,泛指“人”“一个人”“人们”。可以出现one's和oneself 与之呼应。

One should do one's/his best at all times.一个人无论何时都应尽最大努力。

One should take care of oneself/himself.一个人应当照顾好自己。

2 表示具体的“一个人”或“一个事物”。

Miss Gao is a maths teacher,one who is both strict and kind.高老师是一个数学老师,一位既严格又和蔼的老师。

This is the one you're looking for.这就是你要找的那一个。

高频考点 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… one修饰名词

当one前面有形容词修饰时,形容词前必须有冠词或代词。

the best one 最好的 a nice one 一个好的 her last one 她最后的一个

3 替代上文已出现过的单数可数名词或复数名词。

I prefer red roses to white ones.我喜欢红玫瑰胜过白玫瑰。

I don't like this cell phone,the one you just showed me.我不喜欢这部手机,就是你刚才给我看的那一部。

疑难辨析 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… it与one

it和one都可以替代上文出现过的名词,但二者有区别。it指上文出现过的特定的事物,即同一事物,而one则代替与前面事物同属一类事物中的一个,并不是同一个事物。

The electrical fan is new, but it doesn't work well.这个电扇是新的,但不好用。(同一台)

This electrical fan doesn't work well.I'll try a new one.这个电扇不好用,请给我换一个新的。(不是同一台)

3 none

不定代词none通常相当于名词,在句中作主语、宾语等。意为“没有人”“没有东西”。既可替代可数名词的单数形式,也可替代不可数名词,还可替代复数名词。

I shouted at the children, but none would stop talking.我对着孩子们喊,但没有一人愿意停止讲话。

None of the medicine works.这些药都失效了。

4 each, every

They both came on time, but each left ahead of time.他们两个按时到达,但两个人都提前走了。(主语)

Tokyo and London are two large cities.I really love each.东京和伦敦是两个大城市。两个城市我都喜欢。(宾语)

We send each other an E-mail each week.我们每周给对方发一封电子邮件。(定语)

Every student needs to be careful with their studies.所有学生学习时都要细心。(定语)

Each of us hopes to have free weekends.我们每一个人都希望有自己的周末。

要点拓展

1 each作同位语时,谓语动词应和真正的主语保持一致。

We each have received a special gift from the teacher.我们每一个人都收到了老师的特殊礼物。

2 every 可与-one,-body,-thing 等合成不定代词 everyone,everybody,everything等。

5 some, any

当不知或不提确切数量,只表示“一些、若干”时,用some或any,两者既可用作代词,也可用作形容词(后接名词)。some常用于肯定句中,any常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。二者在句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。

1 一般情况下,肯定句中用some,否定句、疑问句和条件句中用any。但some有时也用于疑问句,表示说话者的肯定语气。any有时也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何一个”“任何一些”;not (…) any=no。

Would you like some coffee?你想喝点咖啡吗?(表明说话者的礼貌及肯定语气)

Any normal child can pick up a language very quickly.任何正常的儿童学习一门语言都非常快。

I don't know any person here.=I know no person here.这里的人我一个也不认识。

2 “some/any of+…”结构作主语时,谓语动词需要根据of后面的名词单复数而定。

Some of the food has gone sour.有些食品馊了。

Some of them agree, and some of them don't.他们中有些人同意,有些人不同意。

3 some和any既可以修饰或替代可数名词复数,也可修饰或替代不可数名词。some 不能代替可数名词的单数形式。修饰可数名词单数时,some意为“某个”,相当于a certain。

Will you please give me some advice?给我提一些建议好吗?(修饰不可数名词)

Some people are out of work and some have found work.一些人失业了,又有一些人找到了工作。(修饰可数名词复数)

Some person is downstairs asking to see you.楼下有一个人找你。(修饰可数名词单数)

Do you have you any work to do?你有活干吗?(修饰不可数名词)

I don't think any of my friends have been there before.我认为我朋友中没有一个去过那里。(代替可数名词复数)

6 other, another

Hold it in this hand, not the other ( hand).用这只手拿着,而不是那只手。(两个中的另外一个)

There are only four story books left.You can take three and I'll take the other.共有四本故事书,你可以拿走三本,剩下的一本我拿走。(把多个事物分成两部分,剩下的一部分可用the other…表示。)

There are ten kinds of flowers in my garden.Three are from Egypt, two are from Canada, and the others from the USA.我家花园里有十种花,其中三种产自埃及,两种产自加拿大,另外的所有花产自美国。

There are five foreign students in our class.Two of them are British and the other three are American.我们班有五个外国学生,其中两个是英国人,剩下的三个是美国人。

If you don't like this one, try another.如果你不喜欢这一个,请再试一个。(泛指另外一个,总数不可知。)

You'll have to go another two miles ( two other miles) before you get there.你得再走两英里才能到那儿。

7 either, neither

Either of the plans is very practical.这两个计划都很可行。

—Which of the two rooms would you like,sir?先生,这两个房间你喜欢哪一个?

—Oh,neither.噢,两个都不喜欢。

Can you write with either hand?你左右手都能写字吗?

8 many, much

1 many和much是表示数量的不定代词,在句中既可起名词的作用,也可起形容词的作用,可作主语、宾语、定语等,意思为“许多”“大量”。many修饰或替代可数名词复数,而much修饰或替代不可数名词。

Many hands make light work.人多好办事。

Sorry, I'm afraid I can't go with you.I've got much work to do.对不起,我恐怕不能和你去了,我手头有很多工作要做。

Many don't agree to this plan.有很多人不同意这个计划。

2 many作主语时谓语动词用复数,much 作主语时谓语动词用单数。many和much后面可以加of短语,of 后必须为代词this,that, these, those, you, us,them等,或为the,my, your, this, that, these,those加名词形式,此时many和much相当于名词。

Much of the work has been finished.这项工作的大部分已完成。

Many of my friends live abroad.我很多朋友住在国外。

要点拓展

many,much前可有as,so, too,how等进行修饰。

There are too many mistakes in your diary 在你的日记中有很多错误。

You should spend as much time as you can on English 你应尽可能多花点时间学习英语。

9 little, a little, few, a few

续表

1 few, a few, little, a little

I have been to Cairo a few times.我去过开罗几次。

Jane has few bad habits, while her brother has many.简没什么坏习惯,然而她弟弟有很多不良习惯。

Please add a little sugar to the coffee.请给咖啡加点糖。

We usually have little rain in spring.我们这里春天几乎不下雨。

I know little of Canada's history.对加拿大的历史我知道的很少。

高频考点 ……………………………………………………………………………… little,few的比较级与最高级

little的比较级和最高级分别为less,least;few的比较级和最高级分别为fewer,fewest。

Jim spends less time on maths, but he is much better at it.吉姆学数学用时间较少,却学得更好。

Who made the fewest mistakes?谁犯的错误最少?

2 not a little意思为“很多”,相当于much。not a few意思为“很多”,相当于many。quite a little的意思和用法与not a little相同,quite a few的意思和用法与not a few相同。

We needn't hurry.There's not a little/quite a little time left.我们没有必要着急,还剩下很多时间。

You've made not a few/quite a few mistakes.你犯了很多错误。

3 only/just a little的意思为“仅一点点”,相当于little;only/just a few的意思为“仅几个”,相当于few。

I know only/just a little Japanese.我几乎不懂日语。

Every year, I send out many cards, but receive only/just a few.每年我寄出很多贺卡,但收到很少。

10 复合不定代词

复合不定代词如下:

1 some-类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中,any-类复合不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。当some-类复合不定代词用于肯定句、疑问句和条件句时,表示肯定的意义。当any-类用于肯定句时表示“任何”之意。

There is somebody who wants to speak to you.有人要同你讲话。

I haven't seen anybody around here that I can turn to for help.在这周围,我没找到能帮助我的人。

Does someone here know Lily's telephone number?有人知道莉莉的电话号码吗?(someone用于疑问句,表明说话者期待着肯定的答复。)

2 由-one和-body构成的不定代词可以相互换用,只是前者较文雅。

Someone/Somebody seems to have been here.似乎有人来过这里。

Everybody's/Everyone's business is nobody's/no one's business.事关大家无人管。

3 复合不定代词后可加-'s构成所有格。

There's somebody's backpack left in the classroom.某人的书包落在教室里了。

It's anybody's plan, not mine.谁知这是谁的计划,反正不是我的。

4 复合不定代词后常加else表示“另外……的”。

I cannot finish the work on time.Can someone else come to help me out?我不能按时完成这项工作了,还有人能帮我一下吗?

There're already five people included in our group.Does anyone else would prefer to join?我们组已经有五个人了,还有想参加的吗?

5 形容词修饰复合不定代词,应将形容词置于其后。

There's nothing important in today's newspaper.今天报纸上没有什么重要的新闻。

高频考点 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 两组不定代词

1 no one, none

No one in our class failed the maths exam.我们班没人在数学考试中不及格。(强调没有一个不及格,no one的语气强烈。)

None of them believed his story.他们都不相信他的故事。(强调全部都不)

—How many of you have been to the Three Gorges Dam?你们中有多少人去过三峡?

—None.一个也没有。

—Who knows the answer to this question?谁知道这个问题的答案?

—No one.没人知道。

Greg has made lots of money, but he would prefer to spend none on books.格雷格挣了很多钱,但他一分钱也不愿花在书上。

2 everyone, every one

everyone指“每个人”“人人”,只指人;every one指“每个”“个个”,既可指人,也可指物。指人时everyone比every one常用。everyone后不能跟of短语,而every one后可加of 短语。

Everyone of us loves peace.我们每一个人都热爱和平。

Everyone/Every one seeks love and happiness.每个人都追求爱和幸福。

I like all the pictures,every one.我喜欢每一张照片。 1YH9jD7Vy9UgWMfao7HfkBUnYkKr/Wyj1DquqdzmhON0JAjuUIMz8TAa5AkAWKx8

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